' BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IASI Publicat de UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICA ,,GH. ASACHI*, IASI Tomul XLVI (L) Supliment MECANICA FLUIDELOR Sectia CONSTRUCTII DE MASINI 2000BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IASI ublicat de Universitatea Tebnicd " Gh. Asachi" ‘Tomul XLVI (L), Supliment, 2000, Sectia (CONSTRUCTII DE MASINI STUDY ON THE RIB-ROLLER END CONTACTS LUBRICATION IN CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARINGS; PART 1 - THEORY BY GHEORGHE PRISACARU and SPIRIDON CRETU Abstract. Ina cylindrical roller bearing one ofthe roller ends isin contact with the inner ring while the other end isin contact wit the outer ring, In these conjunctions, the different contact geometries and kinematics conditions ‘determine different lubrication regimes. The purpose ofthis paper isto formulate the theoretical principle that describes the lubricating phenomena tothe elliptical contacts of this bearing type. To identify the lubrication regime, the Houpert criteria were applied, The paper is divided in three parts. Part I presents the analytical approach of the lubrication model, Part 2 contains numerical results obtained trough case studies and experimental investigations are given in Part 3 Key words: cylindrical roller bearing, rib-oller end contacts, lubrication regimes, film thickness, Houper’s criterion, starvation coefficient, thermal coefficient ‘ 1. Introduction The radial cylindrical roller bearing of the NUP type can also carry, apart from radial load, some axial load. The axial load applied to the shaft is transmitted to the housing through rib-roller end contacts so that proper lubrication at the rib-roller end contact is indispensable for reliable operation of ‘a cylindrical roller bearing. Many investigations of friction, film thickness and lubrication of rib-roller contacts have been conducted (1-6]. Wr en and Mo yer [1] have applied thesot Gheorghe Prisacaru and Spiridon Cretu EHL theory to rib-roller end contact and have established the existence of full film lubrication. D a | m az et al. (2] have determined optimum geometric configuration of rib-roller end contact both theoretically using a hydrodynamic approach and experimentally on a selfbiult apparatus. B ro wn and P 0 0 n [3] measured both friction and scuffing loads and noticed that running-in modifies the contact situation between ribs and roller ends, resulting a reduction of bearing torque after that. The paper deals with bearings having flat roller ends and ribs which are nominally at right angles tothe roller raceways. Gada lah and D alma z [4] have further studied behaviour of lubricated rib-roller end ‘contact of a tapered roller bearing using a theoretical hydrodynamic approach. Traction and film thickness are studied both theoretically and experimentally under operating conditions representative of those found in rib-roller end contacts. Z ha n get al. [5] shown that the effect of elastic deformation is not negligible for the range of loads attendant with problem. The film thickness was studied using a partial EHL program. Recently, A r ama k i et al. [6] shown that the narrow rib width affects especially the minimum film thickness by excessive side flow and the location of the contact centre is very important to the film formation. The friction was calculated considering that the lubricant has ‘Newtonian behaviour. “The aim of this paper is to formulate the theoretical principle that describes the lubricating phenomena to the elliptical contacts of this bearing type. To fevaluate the correct lubrication regime in each particular case the criterion proposed by Ho up ert (7] was used. 2. Film Thickness 2.1, Lubrication Regimes ‘To determine the relative effects of elastic deformation and pressure dependent viscosity, 0 h ns 0n [8] defined and compared two dimensionless parametes: o 1g, =GW?/U?, viscosity parameter and Q) g.=W /U?, elasticity parameter Four distinctive regimes of lubrication were identified and defined as isoviscous-rigid (IVR), isoviscous-elasic (IVE), piezoviscous-rigid (PVR) and piezoviseous-lastic (EHD). S w in g ler [9] developed a lubrication regime rep for different values of the ellipticity parameter k in the rib-rller end omtacts fora tapered roller bearing. On the basis of the work [9] the purpose of this paper isto analyse the lubrication regimes encountered at rib-oller end contact ina cylindrical roller bearing. In this analyse, IVR regime was included h PVR regime and IVE regime was included in EHD regime. The expressions Tor the non-dimensional minimum film thickness, redefined in terms of theBBulInst. Polit. ag XLVI (L), Supliment, 2000 se viscosity and elasticity parameters, gy and ge respectively, and the ellipticity parameter k, are given by Hamro.ck et al. [10] as follows: * piezoviscous-rigid regime: Ga Hyp =1.66-g, = exp(-0.70k°)], + piezoviscous-elastic regime: (6) Hemp =342-8," +8" [1 exp(-0.708°*), where K=R,/R,, 2.2. Criteria of Transition Houpert’s criterion [7] is used to separate PVR and EHD lubrication regimes: ‘A<2,53, the regime is PVR ‘A> 2.53, the regime is EHD where A is defined as: 0.177 yas k+0778 "* Hiya was defined by B re w e and H am ck [11] by following relation =12GU: (44%) (0 stare) 1 #3} hak Hnp= 2.3, Film Thickness Correction ‘The calculation of the film thickness included both the thermal effects, by using ©, coefficient as proposed by Murch and Wilson [12], and the starvation phenomena, by using ©, coefficient as proposed by W y me ret al. 113}. a o,- 34 30 tanh 37¢7y+0.5)?] id - 3. Conclusions The paper is an analysis concerning the lubrication regimes eneountered at rib-oller end contact in a cylindrical roller bearing. In this analyse, IVR regime ‘was included in PVR regime and IVE regime was included in EHD regime. To solve the lubrication at the rib-roller end contact in a cylindrical roller bearing both thermal effects and starvation phenomenon are included370 Gheorghe Prisacara and Sp Nomenclature -Young's modulus, (Pa) equivalent Young’s modulus, (Pa) -nondimensional material parameter, G = a E non-dimensional minimum film thickness, #7 mm central film thickness, (jun) equivalent radius ratio, K=R,/Ry -nondomensional geometric parameter, "RR EO (eR), 1, line contact length, (m) R, roller end radius, (m) R,,Re principal equivalent radii of curvature, (m) Ry toller end radius on the rolling direction, (m) Ry rib radius of curvature on the rolling direction, (m) Tyfe radii of curvature, (m) U__-nondimensional speed parameter, U =u, /'R, u, tolling velocity, (m/s) W_ -nondimensional load parameter, W = Q/(ER,/,) Greek letters a pressure viscosity coefficient (Pa) rio ~dynamie viscosity at ambient pressure, (Pa s) @s starvation coefficient ©; -thermal coefficient Subscripts vs. -versus IVE. -isoviscous elastic IVR. -isoviscous rigid PVR -piezoviscous rigid EHD -lastohydrodynamic £ refers to rib + -tefersto roller y inthe rolling direction 2 -inthe transverse direction Technical University “Gh. Asachi” lasi Department of Machine Design and TribologyBul, Inst. Polit, asi, t_ XLVI (L), Supliment, 2000 REFERENCES 1, Wren F,Moyer C, Understanding Friction and Elastohydrodynamic Films in Concentrated Contacts of a Tapered Roller Bearing. Inst. Mech. Eng., Elastohydrodynamie Lubrication, $0-60, (1972), 2Dalmaz G,Tessier J.F,Dudragme G, Friction Improvement in Cycloidal “Motion Contacts: Rib-Rller End Contact in Tapered Roller Bearing, Proc. of the 7-th LLeeds-Lyon Symp.on Trib, Lyon, 175-185, 1980, 3. Brown S.R,Poon SY, The Lubrication of the Roller-Rib Contacts of a Radial hlindrcal Roller-Bearing Carrying Thrust Load, ASLE Transactions, 26, 317-324, 1983) 4.Gadallah N,Dalmaz G, Hydrodnamic Lubrication of the Rib-Roller End Contact ofa Tapered Roller Bearing, ASME, 1.of Trib, 106, 265-274, (1984). 5. Zhang Z,Qiu X,Hong Y. EHL Anabsis of Rib-Roller End Contact in Tapered Roller Bearings, STLE Transactions, 31, 461-467, (1988). 6.Aramaki H,Cheng H.S,Zhu D, Film Thickness, Friction and Seuffing Failure ‘of Rib-Roller End Contacts in Cylindrical Roller Bearing, ASME, 1 of Trib, 114, 311~ 316, (1992). 7. Houpert L, The Film Thickness in Piezoviscous-Rigid Regime: Film Thickness Lubrication Regimes Transition Criteria, J of Trib, 106, 375-385, (1984). 8. Johnson KL, Regimes of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication, J. Mech. Eng., Sci, 12,1, 9-16, (1970). 9.Swingler C.L, Regimes of Fluid Film Lubrication of the Rib-Roller Contact in a Tapered Roller Bearing, Problems in Bearings and Lubrication AGARD-CCP-323, 110-120, (1982). 10. Hamrock B.J,Dowson D, Minimum Film Thickness in Eliptical Comacts for Different Regimes of Fluid Film Lubrication, Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd, London, England, Proc. of the S-th Leeds-Lyon Symp. on Trib, D.Dowson et al (ed), 22.27. NBrewe D,Hamrock B.J, Analysis of Starvation Effects on Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Nonconforming Contact, ASME J. of Lubrc, Technol, 104, 3, 410-417, (1982), 12. Mureh LE, Wilson W.R, Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Inlet Zone Analysis, ‘Trans. ASME, J. of Lubric, Techn., 97, 21-216, (1973). 13, Wymer D, Cameron A, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of a Line Contact, Proc. Inst. Mech Eng. (London), 188, £9, 221-238, (1974), STUDIU ASUPRA UNGERII CONTACTELOR CAPAT ROLA-UMAR DE GHIDARE INTR-UN RULMENT RADIAL CU ROLE CILINDRICE (Rezumat) Iniesunrulment radial carole cilindrice, unul din capetele rolei este in contact cu inelal ierir iat celalalt capat este in contact cu inelul exterior. In aceste contavte, diferitele ‘geometrii de contact si condi cinematice determina diferit regimuri de ungere. ‘Scopul aestuiarticol este de a formula principle teoretce care descr fenomenul de tungere pe elpsele de contact ale acestu tip de rulment.Pentra a identifica regimul de ungere «fost tliat critriul lui Houpert.sm {Gheorghe Prisacaru and Spiridon Cre Aricolul contne rei par. Partea 1 prezinta abordares analitice a modeluli de ungere, partea 2 contine rezutatele numerice obtinute in anumite studii de caz iar investigate ‘experimental sunt prezentae in partea 3.BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IASI Publicat de Universitatea Tehnic& " Ga, Aszchi, asi ‘Tomul XLVI (L), Supliment, 2000, Sectia ‘CONSTRUCTI DE MASINI STUDY ON THE RIB-ROLLER END CONTACTS LUBRICATION IN CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARINGS PART 2- NUMERICAL RESULTS BY GHEORGHE PRISACARU, SPIRIDON CRETU and NICOLAE MITU Abstract. The aim of the work is firstly to investigate the lubrication conditions at the rib-roller end contacts of a cylindrical roller bearing and secondly to optimise these contact geometries. The quasi-dynamic analyse was carried out by using a vectorial model with tree degrees of freedom (1), Key words: cylindrical roller bearing rib-roller end contacts, lubrication ‘egimes. film thickness, lubricant properties, geometrical parameter "k” 1. Introduction In Par I of this three-part paper, is formulated the theoretical principle that describes the lubricating phenomena to the elliptical contacts of this bearing type. To evaluate the correct lubrication regime in each particular case, the criterion as proposed by Ho up er t [2] was used. The usefulness and effectiveness of the analysis program developed are demonstrated through case studies, Results obtained are reported in this paper.sm Gheorghe Pris etal 2. Cylindrical Roller Bearing Geometry and lubricant properties Theoretical analysis has been made on a NUP cylindrical roller bearing Internal geometry is shown in Fig. 1. The values for the main geometrical parameters ofthe internal geometry are: roller diameter.) 4 mm axial roller length,(ls) 14 mm inner raceway diameter(di) 65.5. mm outer raceway diameter(d.) 79. mm radius of roller end sphere,(R,) 176 mm ring flange angle, (y) 1st" number of rollers, (Z) 2 Fig 1-Interal geometry of NUP type bearing From Fig. 1, the following geometrical parameters can be also defined: = roller medium diameter: aw dy = (de + di) 12 - line contact length @ 2p, - =. 7) | ~ the effective radius of curvature in the conjunctions on the rolling direction y and on the transverse direction z can be expressed as, respectively: te d, 3 pees 2 R, ty me QRsin7,)R,ss “ + nondimensional geometric parameter: R © ca Fal ie E ‘The parameters for rib face are denoting by subscript "f" and the parameters for roller end are denoting by subscript "r". The lubricant properties are presented in the Table 1 Table 1 Lubricant properties Inlet density, po 900 kgm Thermal conductivity, 2p 0.12, W/mK Thermo viscous parameter, Yo 0.046 (°ky! Pressure - viscosity coefficient, 22+ 10° Pat 2. Numerical results Based on the above-mentioned relations a computer program regarding variation of the lubrication regimes and film thickness in ribcroller end contact, for a NUP roller bearing, according to geometrical parameter "k" has been developed. Some operation conditions (load, speed, oil viscosity) have been included in this analyse and the results for the loaded contacts (2 and 4) are presented in the Fig. 2to Fig. 7. Ra “as Va et a esony Se oaom o 2 com al ee nh Fig. 2- Central film thickness, ha, vs. geometrical parameter k for various axial loads The following remarks, obtained on the basis of the numerical processing are: * When geometrical parameter k varied between 0.1 t0 0.5 (0.8) the PVR lubrication regime has been developed in rib-roller end contacts576 Gheorghe Pri nv etal + The influence of the operation conditions on the film thickness is more pronounced in the outer race rib and roller end contact + Increasing in oil viscosity and rotational speed implies decreasing in the rib- roller end contacts film thickness because thermal effects and starvation are more pronounced. * It can be observed that there is an optimum interval for geometrical parameter , correlated with work conditions, when film thickness in rib-roller end contact has maximum values. ONT Fe Daca “5 2 5itopa| 4 on 20005 (22) e ae Ro ees a Sy premce o Pre ae ey rt hey, 7 Fig 3 - Central film thickness, hn, vs. geometrical parameter k for various oil viscostyes a Fe 700) z Fe = ro000(N) 34 2 = 0.011Fos} j 0 e 29 £300rpm en Bi a fa *5t00%pe 2a $5600 com Fig. 4 Central film thickness, ha, vs. geometrical parameter k for various rotational speeds7 & = e ofa = Dig = m0) 2A 20 oe 8 oa a, Fig, 5 ~ Central film thickness, ha, vs. geometrical parameter k for various axial loads aa ey Fig. 6 - Central film thickness, hs, vs. geometrical parameter k for various cl vscosityes, 3. Conclusions To solve the lubrication at the rib-roller end contact in a cylindrical roller bearing both thermal effects and starvation phenomenon are included in a ‘numerical analysis, Variation of film thickness in rib-roller end contacts with the ‘geometrical parameter k has been obtained for various work conditions. Optimum intervals for geometrical parameter k according to the film thickness and operation conditions have been evidenced.sm Gheorghe Prisacary et a ema : Fe areuny a ikotimes 39 = = roe 3 a eeore 2 le ae od p ¢ Ye SW as we See —rhey Fig. 7- Central film thickness, hs, vs. geometrical parameter k for various rotational speeds Technical University "Gh. Asach, Iasi Department of Machine Design and Tribology REFERENCES 1 Prisacaru Gh,Bercea I,Mitu N,Cretu S,Silion D,Croitoru L, Analysis of QuasicDynamic Equilibrium in Cylindrical Roller Bearings, The 6th ‘Nordic Symposium on Tribology, NORDTRIB'94, Uppsala, Sweden, 12-15.06 1994, 1-1 2 How pert L, The Film Thickness in Piezoviscous-Rigid Regime: Film Thickness Lubrication Regimes Transition Criteria. J of Trib, 106, 375-385, (1984). STUDIU ASUPRA UNGERI CONTACTELOR CAPAT ROLA-UMAR DE GHIDARE INTR-UN RULMENT RADIAL CU ROLE CILINDRICE (Rezumat) Scopul acete lcrari est in primal rand dea investiga conditile de ungere in conactele ‘capatrola-umar de ghidare intr culment radial cu role cilinrice si in al doilea rand de & optimiza geometria acestui contact, In aceasta analiza sa utlizat un model de analiza Vvectoriala a ecilibruluicvasi-dinamic al rulmentului in tre grade de liberate [1],BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IASI Publicat de Universitatea Tehnici " Gh, Asachi*, lai Tomul XLVI (L), Supliment, 2000 Sect CONSTRUCTI DE MASINI STUDY ON THE RIB-ROLLER END CONTACTS LUBRICATION IN CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARINGS PART 3 - EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS BY GHEORGHE PRISACARU and SPIRIDON CRETU Abstract. The lubrication of a cylindrical roller bearing has been experimentally studied. A sphere-cone geometry was considered forthe rib-oller ‘end contact, Test rig have been used to evaluate the lubrication quality. The use of cylindrical roller bearings with different rib-rller end contact geometries confirmed the optimum geometry that was theoretically predicted in Part 2 of this three-part paper. Key words: cylindrical roller bearing, rib-oller end contacts, lubrication segimes, film thickness, electrical resistance, test rg. 1. Introduction To.characterize the lubrication quality the low voltage electrical resistance Measurement technique is used. This method allows estimating the film thickness related to the measured electrical resistance value, which increases with the film thickness valuesso Gheorghe Prisacaru and Spiidon Crew 2. Experimental conditions 2.1 Test rig The specified test rig to perform these measurements is presented in figure 1 eo] Ac {45 oO i883) See ae Fig. 1 - Schematic test rng view for the ftietion torque measurements 2.2 Roller bearings The electrical resistance measurements were made on the NUP212E types bearings, having the internal geometry listed in Table 1 See? (Ring flange angle, yr tL °° Par 1ST" 5a” lInner raceway diameter. d [ram] 72 [Outer raceway diameter, de [mm] 100 [Rib surface roughness, Ry [um] 032Bul. Inst. Polit. las t_ XLVI (L), Supliment, 2000 ss 2.3 Lubricant (Table 2) ‘Table 2. Physical properties ofthe lubricant oflubricant M30, Density at 15°C, Tem] 4905 ‘Kinematic viscosity at 30°C, [cSt] 685 ‘Kinematic viscosity a 100°C, [cSt] IT. ‘Viscosity index (IV), 30 “Thermal conductivity, Wark] 0.12 3. Experimental results ‘The value attained by the electrical resistance of the lubricant film that separate the two bodies of the rib-roller end contact were plotted for different working conditions and are presented in Fig. 2 and Fig.3. - z8 Electrica resistance aa % ‘0 600 4000 4800 20002800 3600 Bearing speed, nfrpm} Re=3somm Ra=176mm ‘Rg=t00mm. Fig. 2-Flecrial resistance vs, bearing speed at diferent rib-rller end geometries for ‘NUP2I2E (T=35°C) Electscal sistance 2) = 6000 tein KeRR Fig 3 Electrical resistance vs. geometrical parameter k (NUP2I2E bearing)se Gheorghe Prisacaru and Spiridon Cretu 3. Conclusions a, The measurement of the electrical resistance of the lubricant film formed between rib-toller end contact is able to point out the influence of the contact ‘geometry on the lubrication process. b. The experimental data obtained by electrical resistance measurements confirmed the predictions previously obtained by computer analysis in the Part 2 of this three-papers. ‘c. The good correlation between the data given by numerical analysis and those experimentally obtained offers confidence to numerical studies aimed to ‘optimize the rib-roller end geometry. 4. The optimum geometry of the rib-foller end contact achieved by a computer analysis of the lubrication in the contact involved lead also to the greatest value electrical resistance of the film. Technical University “Gh Asach’ las Department of Machine Design and Tribology STUDIU ASUPRA UNGERII CONTACTELOR CAPAT ROLA-UMAR DE GHIDARE INTR-UN RULMENT RADIAL CU ROLE CILINDRICE (Rezumat) Ungerea rulmentulsi radial cu role cilindrice a fost studiata experimental, Pentru contactul capat ola-umar de ghidae a fost considerata geometra "sfera-con’, Pentru a evalua calitatea ungeriéa fost uilizat un stand special. Rezulatele testariirulmentului radial eu role Cilindrice cu diferite geometri ale contactului capat rola-umar de ghidare au confirmat ‘existenta unei geometritoptime, peziseteoretic in Partea 2 aacestl lucrari inte parti