Design of RCC structures

Detailing of Reinforcement
(IS456-2000, IS13920)

Pradip Paudel
(M.Sc. in Structural Engineering)
 WHO IS AN ENGINEER?
 The great liability of the engineer …compared
to men of other professions……is that his
works are out in the open where all can see
them.
 He cannot bury his mistakes in the grave like
the DOCTORS.
 He cannot, like the ARCHITECT, cover his
figures with trees
 A design engineer’s responsibility should
include assuring the structural safety of the
design, details, checking shop drawing.
 Detailing is as important as design
 Requirements of Good Detailing
 Should be simple for fabrication and placing
 Check spacing for crack control – maximum spacing
 Minimum spacing for concrete placing
 Check for splicing requirements and development
length
 Special care for section of varying depth and sloped
slabs
 Care for corner joints, beam column junction,
openings etc.
 Cont.…
 Detailing for gravity loads is different from
the lateral loads specially for the SEISMIC
FORCES.
 Apart from the detailing for the above there
is a different detailing required for the
rehabilitation and strengthening of damaged
structures.
 Detailing codes SP16 and IS456-2000
 EQ code is 13920 as required for seismic
forces.
 Minimum Nominal Cover
Clear cover shall be provided
 To develop the desired bond strength through out the
perimeter of steel
 To protect against corrosion and fire
 Slab 20mm
 Beam 25mm
 Column 40mm
 Footing 60mm
For detail see Table-16 IS 456-2000
 Spacing of reinforcement
The horizontal distance between two parallel main
reinforcing bars shall not be less than
 The diameter of the bar if the bars are of equal
diameter
 The diameter of the larger bar
 5mm + nominal size of aggregate

 Maximum spacing ----as per design

 Further reading Page 167 A. K. Jain
Clause 26.3.2, IS456-2000
 Limits for reinforcement
 Beam
 Min As/bd = 0.85/Fy
 Maximum = 4% of bD
 Compression = 0.2%
 Web reinforcement = 0.1% of web area
 Vertical Shear bars not exceeding 0.75d or
300mm whichever is less.
 Minimum shear bars = cl 26.5.1.6
 Slab = min 0.12% for Fe415 and 0.15% for
Fe250
Clause 26.5, IS456-2000
 The stirrups shall be minimum size of 8mm
in the case of lateral load resistance .
 The hooks shall be bent to 135 degree .
 In column size of bar not less than 12 mm
 Spacing of bars not greater than 300mm
 Arrangement of lateral ties as per cl 26.5.3.2
 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF BARS
FOR A CONCRETE GRADE M20 &STEEL
STRENGTH Fy=415
SLNO BAR DIA. TENSIONm COMPRESSION REMARKS
m
1 8 376.0 301.0
2 10 470.0 376.0
3 12 564.0 451.0
4 16 752.0 602.0
5 20 940.0 752.0
6 22 1034.0 827.0
7 25 1175.0 940.0
8 28 1316.0 1053.0
9 32 1504.0 1203.0
APPROXIMATELY USE 50Xdia FOR TENSION
 Lap splicing -clause 26.2.5.1 IS456-2000
Lap splicing as per clause 26.2.5.1 IS456-2000
 Lap splices should not be used for bar larger than
36mm
 Larger than 36mm bar may be welded
 Lap length including anchorage value of hooks in
flexural tension is development length (Ld)or 30ϕ
whichever is greater.
 Lap length including anchorage value of hooks in
direct tension is 2Ld or 30ϕ whichever is greater.
 The straight lap length should not be less than
200mm or 15ϕ whichever is greater.
Lap splicing Cont.….
 Lap splices are considered as staggered if the c/c
distance of the splices is not less than 1.3 times the
lap length.
 The lap length in compression is equal to the
development length in compression but not less
than 24ϕ.
 Lap length is calculated on the basis of diameter of
smaller bar when bars of different diameters are to
be spliced.
 DO’S For Detailing
 Prepare drawing properly and accurately
 Prepare bar bending schedule, if necessary
 Indicate proper cover to the reinforcement
 Decide location of the openings/hole and
supply adequate details for the
reinforcement around openings.
 Commonly available size of bars and spirals
shall be used for reinforcement.
 For a single structural member the number of different
sizes of reinforcement bar should be minimum.
 The grade of reinforcement bars should be clearly
mention in the structural drawings
 When reinforcement is left exposed for future
construction, it should be adequately protected from
corrosion and weathering.
 Congestion of the reinforcement should be avoided at
points where members intersect and make certain that
all the reinforcement shown can be properly placed.
 Show enlarged details at the corners, beam and
column joint and at similar special situations.
 Do Not's for Detailing
 Flexure reinforcement shall not be
terminated in a tension zone.
 Lap splices should not be used for bars
larger than 36 mm dia.
 Different types of reinforcing bars such as
deformed bars and plain bars and various
grades should not be used side by side as
this practice would lead to confusion at site.
 Do’s for Columns
 A reinforced column should have min 4
bars for rectangular or square column and
minimum 6 bars for circular columns.
 Keep outer dimensions of the column
constant, as far as possible, for re-use of
forms.
 Preferably avoid use of two grades of
vertical bars in the same element.
 Do’s for Beams and Slabs
 Where splices are provided in the reinforcing
bars, they should be staggered, and away
from the sections of maximum stress.
 Where the depth of the beam exceeds 750
mm in case of beams without torsion and 450
mm with torsion side face reinforcement
shall be provided.
 All spacing shall be c/c spacing of the bars.
 Deflection in beams/slabs may be reduced by
providing compression reinforcement.
 At beam column intersection ,ensure that the
main beam bars avoid the main column bars.
 At beam column intersections , main
reinforcement may be so arranged that layers
in mutually perpendicular beams are at
different levels.
 To accommodate bottom bars, it is good
practice to make secondary beams shallower
than the main beams at least by 50 mm.
Curtailment of reinforcement

Clause26.2.3 IS456
 Cont.…

 Cont.…
 Positive moment reinforcement, Cl26.2.3.3
 Negative moment reinforcement,Cl26.2.3.4
 Curtailment of bundled bars,Cl26.2.3.5
 Further reading A. K. Jain p 172
Simplified rules of curtailment as per BS
8110-1985
Bar Bending Schedule
Bar Bending Schedule should include:
 Identification of structural member
 Position of each bar in the member
 Bar marks and diameter of each bar
 Number of bars
 Shape and bending dimension of each bar
 Length of each bar
 Remark, if any
Typical example for slab, beam and column: see page 180 (A.K.
Jain)
IS13920:1993,Ductile Detailing of
RCC Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
 This code applies to all RCC
structures which satisfy one of the
four conditions-
 The structure is located –
 In zone IV or V
 In zone III and I> 1.0
 In zone III and industrial structure
 In zone III and is more than 5 story high
What is EQ Resistant Design?
 The acceptable response levels of the
structure under design earthquake.
 Designer should exercise some degree
of control on magnitude and
distribution of stiffness, mass and
relative strength of member and their
ductility to achieved desired results.
 Seismic Design Criteria(IS 1893)
Earthquake Desired Behavior Controlling parameters

Minor No damage to non- Control deflection by

structural components providing stiffness
Moderate No significant structural Avoid yielding of
damage, minor cracks in members or permanent
beam and columns, damage by providing
Response should be strength
predominantly elastic
Severe, No collapse of the system Allow structure to enter
Catastrophic which could cause loss of into inelastic range and
life. absorb energy by
providing ductility
 If elastic strength of structural elements
exceeds the greatest imposed load upon that
structure there can be no significant damage.
 In severe earthquake some of the resisting
elements will be loaded to their full
strength. If they are brittle, they will fail,
throwing their share of the load on the
remaining elements. If they are ductile, they
can continue to participate in resisting the
lateral force up to their full strength after
they yield.
 DUCTILITY
 A ductile material is the one that can
undergo large strains while resisting
loads
 Ductility implies the ability to sustain
significant inelastic deformations prior
to collapse.
 Brittle material is one that fails
suddenly upon attaining its maximum
load
 Brittle and Ductile force-deformation behavior

Brittle
Force

Ductile

Δy Δu
Deformation

 Significance of Ductility
 It can be expected to adapt to unexpected
overloads, impact and structural movements
due to foundation settlements and volume
changes.
 Occupants will have sufficient warning of the
impending failure thus reducing the probability
of loss of life in the events of collapse.
 All joints and splices must be able to withstand
forces and deformations corresponding to
yielding of the reinforcement.
 Design for Ductility
 Structural layout should be simple
and regular.
 Amount of tension reinforcement
in beams should be restricted and
more compression reinforcement
should be provided.
 Cont.…

 Cont.…
 The shear reinforcement should be
adequate to ensure that the strength in
shear exceeds the strength in flexure and
thus, prevent a non-ductile shear failure
before the fully reversible flexural
strength of a member has been developed.
 See on clause 6.3.3 in IS13920
 BEAMS
 At least two bars should be provided
continuously both at top and bottom.
 The positive moment resistance at the face of
the joint should not be less than one –half of the
negative moment resistance provided at that
face of the joint.
 Neither the negative nor the positive resistance
at any section along the member length should
be less than one-fourth of the moment resistance
provided at the face of the either joint
Clause 6, IS13920
 MIN 2 BARS FOR FULL LENGTH
ALONG TOP AND BOTTOM FACE
AS > MIN. Bd
AS < MAX Bd

50 mm max 50 mm max

db
2d 2d
HOOP SPACING
> d /2
HOOP SPACING
< d/4 and 8 db
B = BREADTH OF BEAM
db = DIAMETER OF LONGITUDINAL BAR

BEAM REINFORCEMENT
 Spacing of hoops over a length of 2d at
either end of the beam shall not exceed-
 d/4
 8 times the diameter of the smallest
longitudinal bar, need not be less than
100 mm
 Elsewhere, the beam shall have vertical
hoops at a spacing not exceeding d/2.

Clause 6.3.5, IS13920

 COLUMN

 Cont.…
 The special confining reinforcement shall be
provided above and below the beam connections,
in a length of the column at each end which is
largest of the following-
 1/6 of the clear height of the column
 Larger dimension of the column
 450 mm
 When a column terminates into a footing, special
confining reinforcement shall extend at least 300
mm into the footing
 SPECIAL CONFINING
REINFORCEMENT
> 300 mm

PROVISION OF SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT IN

FOOTINGS
 lO

JOINT REINFORCEMENT
lO AS PER 8.1

> hc / 4

TRANSVERSE
REINFORCEMENT
hC
AS PER 7.2.1
> hc / 4
lO

CONFINED JOINT WITH BEAMS

FRAMING INTO ALL FOUR SIDES
CONFINING REINFORCEMENT AS
PER 8.2

COLUMN AND JOINT DETAILING

 The spacing of hoops used as special
confining reinforcement shall not
exceed –
 ¼ of the minimum member dimension
 need not be less than 75 mm nor more
than 100 mm
 For further information see on Clause
7.4.6 and 7.4.7 in IS 13920
 db

Ld = DEVELOPMENT
LENGTH IN TENSION

Db = BAR DIAMETER

FIG. 1: ANCHORAGE OF BEAM BARS IN

AN EXTERNAL JOINT.
 LAP SPLICES IN BEAM
 Not more than 50 % of the bars shall be spliced at
one section
 The longitudinal bars shall be spliced , only if hoops
are provided over the entire splice length, at a
spacing not exceeding 150 mm
 The lap length shall not be less than the bar
development length in tension.

Clause 6.2.6 IS13920

 Cont.…
 Lap splices shall not be provided-
 within a distance of 2d from the joint face
 within a joint
 within a quarter length of the member
where flexural yielding may generally occur
under the effect of earthquake forces.
 Use of welded splices and mechanical
connections may also be made as per IS456-
1978

Clause 6.2.6 IS13920

 Ld

db 150 mm
Ld = DEVELOPMENT
LENGTH IN TENSION

db = BAR DIAMETER

FIG. 2: LAP, SPLICE IN BEAM

 Web Reinforcement


Clause 6.3 IS13920

Cont.….
 CANTILEVER BEAM
crack

INCORRECT

Ldt
CLOSE
STIRRUPS

Ldt/2

Ld/2 Ld/2 CORRECT

Ld
 crack
NON PRISMATIC BEAM

INCORRECT

Ldt
CLOSE
STIRRUPS

Ldt/2

Ld/2 Ld/2 CORRECT

Ld
GRID BEAM

INCORRECT

Close rings

1.5d 1.5d

300
300
d

2#extra bars Hanger

Slope 1:10
bars
CORRECT
Details of Main & Secondary beams Secondary
beam

Main
INCORRECT beam

Secondary beam
Close rings

1.5d 1.5d

300
300
d
60degree

Hanger Main
bars beam
CORRECT
 BEAM

1/4OR INCORRE
1/5 SPAN
CT

Ld
Ld
LINE OF CRACK

d/2
t
t
d/2

1.5d d/2+d/2Cot(t)

CORRECT
 Continuous Beam Span/4 Span/4

Span/4
Span/4 Span/4

incorrect

Span/4 Span/4

1.5d
1.5d 1.5d

correct
 CONTINUOUS BEAM
SPAN/4 SPAN/4
SPAN/4

.08L1 100% CRACK 100%

CRACK
CRACK
.08L1
L1 .08L2 L2
INCORREC
T
100% L1/4 L2/4
L1/4 20%
20%

0.1L1 100% 100%

.15L1
L1 .15L2 L2
CORRECT
NONPRISMATIC
SECTION OF
BEAM CRACK D

D
D
INCORRE
CT

CLOSE RING

D
CORREC
CLOSE RING
D T
CANTILEVER BEAM
PROJECTING FROM
COLUMN

COLU
INCORRE MN
NOT CT
LESS NOT LESS THAN GREATER OF 0.5L OR Ld
50mm
THAN
0.5Ast
Ld

0.25Ast
COLU
CORREC Ld/3 MN
SLOPING BEAM

CRAC
K

Ld

Ld

CORRE
CT
 HAUNCH BEAMS

CRACK CRACK

INCORRE
Ld
CT Ld

CORRECT
Ld L/8 TO Ld
L/10 L/8 TO
L L/10
STRESSES AT CORNERS C-COMPRESSION
C

t
T-TENSION
C CRACK
t

RESULTANT TENSILE STRESS FOR

ACROSS CORNER(ONE PLANE)

RESULTANT TENSILE STRESS FOR

t ACROSS CORNER(DIFFERENT PLANE)

CRACK
c
t

c
 SHEAR AND TORSION REIN. IN BEAMS
Stirrups taken round
outermost bars
spacing<=x1
<=(x1+y1)/4
Min 0.2%bd to control
deflection as well as for
<=300mm
INCORRE seismic requ.
CT n

d y1

Skin rein.10dia is D
100 to
required when 200mm
D-n>500mm

depth exceeds
450mm(0.1% of D/
web area 5
distributed x1 CORREC
equally on two T
b
 CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOAD

Shear
rein.
INCORRE
CT

2/3
d L d
d

CORRECT
L
d Extra ties
 openi
ng

crack crack

INCORREC OPENING IN WEB OF

T BEAM
d/ openi d/
2 ng 2
Closed Closed
stps for stps for
d/2 Ld d/2

OPENING IN WEB OF
BEAM CORRECT
BEAM COLUMN JUNCTION-EXTERIOR COLUMN

INCORRE
CT 2”max
CLOSED STPS
U TYPE BARS

Ld

IN TENSION-Ld

CORRECT
 SPLICE DETAIL FOR
COLUMN
COVER

CLOSE
SLOPE 1:6
TIES
@S/2

S-SPACING

CORRECT
INCORREC
T
 REDUCTION
COLUMN
BOTH SIDES
INCORRE
CT

SPLICE
SLOPE 1:8 FROM
BEAM BOTTOM 3NO.CLOSE TIES

CLOSE STPS SPACIN

<=75mm
3NO.CLOSE TIES

CORREC
 INCORRECT

Ld

CORRECT

TERMINATION OF COLUMN BARS INSIDE BEAM

 *COL.CORE HAS TO
BE CONFINED BY
CIRCULAR OR
RECTANGULAR TIES
IN ACCORDANCE
WITH END REGION
SPACING OF
LATERAL
TIES <=d/2

COL.
END REGION
CORE*

SPACING OF
LATERAL
TIES
<=100mm
END REGION
BEAM COL. JUNCTION-EQ
REGION

INCORRE SPACING OF
CORREC
CT LATERAL
TIES <=d/2 BEAM COL.TJUNCTION-EQ
REGION

EQ REGION-BEAM-COL JN-EXTERIOR
 incorrect First stirrups correct
50mm from
END
REGION beam END
faceREGION-h/6 or D or
450MM whichever is
greater

COLUMN
h DETAILS
b d
IN EQ
D REGIONS

END
REGION END
REGION

Spacing of shear
Spacing of shear
rein. In columns
 EQ-REGION-CONTINUOUS
BEAM
INCORREC
T

50mmmax CONTINUOUS BARS NOT LESS THAN ¼

AREA OF BARS AT COL.FACE CORRECT
A=L1/3 A=L1/3 A=L1/3

Ld

stp@maxd/2 stp@maxd/2
2d 2d
2d Stirrup spacing=d/4 or
100mm or 8dia which
ever is the least
 FOOTING-DETAILS(INDEPENDENT)

INCORREC COLUMN
BARS
T
STARTER
NATURAL
BARS
G.L

COVER TO
STARTER

Lb
3” SIDE COVER Ldt
Min.300

COVER50mm
Ldt
IF p.c.c below
CORRECT or 75mm
 INCORREC
CRACK T

CORRECT
Ld

Ld
Ld

SECTION OF TRENCH
 INCORRECT

Extra
Ld(mi bar
n)
Ld(mi
n)
Ld(mi
n)
CORRECT
STAIRCASE-WITH WAIST SLAB
Dist.

Alternat
Main bare 1

Main bar

SLABLESS STAIRCASE
 SLABLESS
STAIRCASE

Main bar
L=horizontal
span

Alternat
A=0.25L e2