Frequent Service Job Course Drive Train

Drive Train
Chapter Outline

This chapter explains the mechanism and operation of drive train components.

• Outline
• Clutch
• Transaxle
• Automatic Transaxle
• Differential
• Propeller Shaft
• Drive Shaft
• Axle

ã2002 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION. All right reserved.

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Frequent Service Job Course Drive Train

Outline

Outline

The drive train transmits the power of the engine to the wheels.
It is broadly divided into the following classifications:

• FF (Front engine Front - wheel drive vehicle)

• FR (Front engine Rear - wheel drive vehicle)
• Manual transmission
• Automatic transmission

HINT:
In addition to FF and FR, there are 4WD (4-Wheel Drive) and MR
(Midship engine Rear-wheel drive) vehicles.

FF
FR
Engine Transaxle Transmission

Drive shaft Propeller shaft Differential

Axle shaft Axle Tires & wheels

(1/2)

Power Transmission

FF (Front-engine Front-wheel drive vehicle) with MT

1.Engine

2.Clutch

3.Manual transaxle

4.Drive shaft

5.Axle

6.Tires & wheels

FF (Front-engine Front-wheel drive vehicle) with AT

1.Engine

2.Torque converter

3.Automatic transaxle

4.Drive shaft

5.Axle

6.Tires & wheels

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Frequent Service Job Course Drive Train

FR (Front-engine Rear-wheel drive vehicle) with MT

1.Engine

2.Clutch

3.Manual Transmission

4.Propeller shaft

5.Differential

6.Rear axle

7.Tires & wheels

FR (Front-engine Rear-wheel drive vehicle)with AT

1.Engine

2.Torque converter

3.Automatic Transmission

4.Propeller shaft

5.Differential

6.Axle

7.Tires & wheels

(2/2)

Clutch

Clutch Construction

The clutch of a manual transmission vehicle enables the power of

the engine to be engaged or disengaged by the operation of the
clutch pedal.

Clutch pedal
Push rod
Master cylinder
Hydraulic hose
Release cylinder
Release fork
Clutch cover

(1/1)

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REFERENCE:
Parts of the Clutch

Boot
Release fork
Clip
Release bearing
Clutch cover
Clutch disc
Fly wheel
Diaphragm spring
Pressure plate

(1/1)

Transaxle

Transaxle

A transaxle, in which the transmission and differential are

integrated, is used on front-wheel drive vehicles & midship
vehicles.

Transmission
Differential

Input shaft
Output shaft

(1/1)

Automatic Transaxle

Automatic Transaxle

An automatic transaxle consists of a torque converter, planetary

gear unit, and hydraulic control system.

It uses hydraulic pressure to automatically shift gears in

accordance with the vehicle speed, accelerator opening, and shift
lever position. Therefore it is unnecessary to shift gears as in the
manual transaxle; it is not even equipped with a clutch.
It also uses a computer to regulate shifting in accordance with the
driving conditions detected by sensors. This system is called ECT
(Electronically Controlled Transmission).

Torque Converter Oil Pump

Planetary Gear Unit Vehicle speed sensor
Counter gear speed Input turbine speed sensor
sensor
Sensors Engine & ECT ECU
(Electronic Control Unit)
Solenoid valves Hydraulic Control Unit
Shift Lever

(1/1)

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REFERENCE:
Full hydraulically-controled automatic transaxle

The construction of the full hydraulically-controlled automatic

transaxle is basically the same as the ECT (Electronically
Controlled Transmission). However, this transaxle mechanically
controls shifting by detecting the vehicle speed hydraulically from
the governor valve, and detects the accelerator opening from the
amount of movement of the throttle cable.

Torque Converter
Oil Pump
Planetary Gear Unit
Governor valve
Accelerator pedal
Engine
Throttle cable
Hydraulic Control Unit
Shift Lever

(1/1)

Differential

Differential

The differential has the following three functions:

Deceleration function
Further decelerates the rotational movement that has been
changed by the transmission in order to increase torque.

Differential function
This function adjusts the rotational differential between the right
and left wheels while the automobile is cornering. Without the
differential function, the tires will slip and the vehicle will not be
able to smoothly complete the turn.

Drive force direction conversion function

(on an FR vehicle)
This function changes the rotational force from the transmission in
a right angle and transmits it to the drive wheels.

(1/1)

Propeller Shaft

Propeller Shaft (For FR Vehicle)

The propeller shaft transmits the power from the transmission to

the differential on an FR (Front-engine, Rear-wheel drive) vehicle.
Universal joints are used at the areas where the shaft joins in
order to smoothly transmit the power even if the angle of the
propeller shaft changes due to the vertical movement of the
differential.

The propeller shaft comes with two or three joints.

Flexible couplings may be used at the joints.

3-joint type
2-joint type

Universal Joints
Center Bearing
Sleeve Yoke
Flexible Coupling

(1/1)

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Drive Shaft

Drive Shaft

The drive shafts transmit the rotation of the engine to the wheels
via the transmission and differential. They are used on vehicles
with drive wheels that are supported by an independent
suspension system.

HINT:
An axle shaft is used on a vehicle with a rigid type suspension.

Differential
Drive Shafts
Axle Shafts
Axle Housing

(1/1)

REFERENCE:
Type of drive shaft joints
Rzeppa (Birfield) Joint
Uses several steel balls and excels in constant velocity
performance.

Tripod Joint
Uses three sliding rollers and is slightly inferior to the Rzeppa joint
in constant velocity performance. It has a simple construction and
can be slid axially.

Cross Groove Joint

Uses several steel balls and excels in vibration, noise, and
constant velocity performance.

Steel balls
Sliding rollers

(1/1)

Axle

Axle

The axle and axle shaft support the wheel and the drive shafts.

A. Tapered roller bearing type

B. Angular ball bearing type
C. Housing type rigid suspension type

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Frequent Service Job Course Drive Train

A. Tapered roller bearing type

Axle
Tapered roller bearing

B. Angular ball bearing type

Axle shaft (drive shaft)
Axles
Angular ball bearing

C. Housing type rigid suspension type

Axle housing
Axle shaft
Bearing
Wheel hub

Full-floating type
3/4 floating type
Semi-floating type

(1/1)

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Frequent Service Job Course Drive Train

Exercises

Use the Exercises to check your level of understanding for the material in this Chapter. After answering each Exercise,
you can use the reference button to check the pages related to the current question. When you get a wrong answer,
please return to the text to review the material and find the correct answer. When all questions have been answered
correctly, you can go to the next Chapter.

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Frequent Service Job Cource Drive Train
Exercise
Question-1
Mark each of the following statements True or False:

Correct
No. Question True or False
Answers

The clutch of a manual transmission vehicle transmits or disengages

1 j True n
j False
the power of the engine when the driver operates the accelerator pedal. n
k
l
m k
l
m

The automatic transmission uses hydraulic pressure to automatically

2 shift the gears in accordance with the vehicle speed, accelerator j True n
k
l
m
n j False
k
l
m
opening angle, and shift lever position.
The differential function regulates the rotational difference between the
3
right and left wheels during cornering. j True n
k
l
m
n j False
k
l
m

4 A drive shaft is used on vehicles with rigid axle suspension. j True n

k
l
m
n j False
k
l
m

Question-2
Select the words that correspond to "a" in the following illustration of the clutch from the word group below.

n 1. Clutch cover
j
k
l
m
j 2. Clutch pedal
k
l
m
n
j 3. Clutch release cylinder
k
l
m
n
j 4. Clutch master cylinder
k
l
m
n

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