VRIN

Resources Valuable? Rare? Costly / Non- Core

difficult to substitutable competency
imitate?
Reputation
Brand
ownership
Relationship
with customers
Products /
services
With
community,
authorities
With suppliers
With
employers

Human
Skills, expertise
Adaptability of
employees
Commitment
and loyalty of
employees

Technological
Proprietary
technologies
(patents,
copyrights etc.)
Application of
technology
(know-how)

Financial
Company’s
borrowing
capacity
Internal funds

Physical
Plant and
equipment
Assets
Raw materials

Capabilities Valuable? Rare? Costly / Non- Core

difficult to substitutable competency
 imitate?
R&D
Basic research
Innovation in
new products /
services

Management
Strategic
control
Financial
management
Coordination of
business units
Resource
management
Partnership
management

Marketing
Responsivenes
s to market
trends
Promotion of
quality
Brand
management

Sales
Quality of
customer
service
Effectiveness in
executing sales

Information
Management
Comprehensive
Effective