elssMte

Date
Page

larie ArtillqICIt Roll nu 03924 802019

BCA 3d SeneSter
CorriputCY AVchiture
AssigiiIerd-1

the ced Gf Imput t p t itterfate

19
3C6)INhal
Taout ut put iitLface_iÙ a hIurddIe plays Az inmpurturd
ale tetniecrL at puDEripIItral_deui(t fo_ 6upcrulsetht input
autput tycirijtrrs
ATd autput trcLnH plauidtg_dfqettgd for tr n9ittring u
intriral atovaqeLGuch a ETTOLy OTtaCpu yeqisner) atd exitco

TaICadiuCG iie a.etiltnte LttiaR It CaITputty dnd peripherad

devires lht follaAITY I feial ditftyenes
1DeviCIypeg
petipherala Erdochernital_dtuices

CPuo moy E ectrochi peuies_

Data l'akaffi Rute
pelphtfalG US8ually SloiNer
CPU O MeToryus ually fustt tran periplacals
SameLinds oy Hohizatia TiechuT1Sm_ may le meeded
Uhut of Iniortatign
ptripitials Byte
PU OL MeIrTury 1AGd
gperutinq Mades
pttipheralg Auto nomuS ASy TdirdzUS
pU oL Mtinor y GyndroTaus

04 EKplain Mrntury
infylcauiig
T p tht mtmury opxratioi7s(Ytad and wrete t h e ptaln-
e i 2 " NwOrds Can be argalEd as a Set G2 M
indeptidtm mernory madults (Athec m<n racu (urtcuiiing
-m
NUIds.
tthrctnctc MrOdulcs Cn [UY iq ParO he
 Date
Page.

cleally irt AMe_dh_ fold Speed impruutmerntca e

Cxprctrd The rbit address 15 dividecd irto an
9I
11td fo sSptcity tht module uTd drat/t (n-ml
TItld to Gptcity thc woc in the addessed_lodult-
e fitld for Settifyinq thtddule an ue eitne
dddves
u s t o l Itat Siqmificarrt mbits othe

Fol tg t tfe at tialo arangemert o ME

TOLtg
9Toddlts m=a) Gf tneioy h=21=16 AOYa
t= q High-ohdt Tid nagemem

oo0os|03a
G030
o0 7 1
3 oa44 8o0o
401 0o9du o4
Mo Ma

LaJAOfdr MaITageaet

1010

In gPTrIa tirc pu is Tore hely tu Tttd ta dotess tht

RtTory fo a 5tt of Carstcufiue iNUYd mrdqerient is
PIE-frable as (CAStCutrue GFas aYe in ditft ezt
madules dd carr be ftiched simúltancausty
 alAsSMAte
Data
Paga

Explairt thHC IAiith diagrarm torfal unit af Basic ccCmpurttr?

Th c pul8tsit applitd tt al flip: fups drnd Itq isttrs i t tht Systtm
indudinq me Aip flapa dnd dae Ycqistors in the cumtalunit hc
Cluck pulscs do riot dramqey the statt t a rrgistat unks5 the reqistor

1s enatitd by Q Corrtol SignalThe corifo l gigItal dt geneyated in

the conttal unit and prauide (orctYal inputs for tht multipleIS
JnE CoTOTUT busLoIttrol Lap9 in prass0.r_icgistcis,And
tiC ooyatian fol the atulumatar
In tht hudIAiLnd oqarni zathion, ahe conto ldgic is impltentnttd
Nitk utts,flip-tiap.,dtcadetsand other digtal tircuit5
In tht ruitro proqiartmed contlol,afty ftqni Yed carntral chdtats al
rRadifftatans tan bt dane by uplatng ttr rnisaprugram in taltra

Tht Staucre coiputr SCCar e hIrercttd oY cleared _5y.nclarunously

Mast of t t tint, tht Coutrttr is irutintrttd tn pravicde ttit Stq af timilg-
Sfglrol ort uf 4xC dtadet

15 I413 1

Ut ter inputs

COITtfgl
CoTtfa
T gtes dutputs

75
4xt6

4bit
Irtmcrt CTNR)
clecqr CCLR)
Sey. coumter se

Contral Uhit of DASIC (OMPUTE R

 elss
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Expairt Registtr truTsftr Aanguage.

aHuther ttan 5prcityitng_au_digital y Stt rrr AgrL3, 4-
pccrftc eofatf arn isuSed, calkd Rgistr Transttr largg
for any turtction of tht Comiputtr,tlit
registtratos
urguage Can be uGcd to deScrib (geqwcnte df icfo
optratigs
9Rtqiattr transttr \atguagt
Aay mbalic Larngag
AConutaiemt toal fac deacriot the inttrmol orgunizdtionn
f digtal computtr.
(ort algo ie ustd to faciliatt ttt desiqrm
prores o
dig1tal aystt.cm
COPying tht ott nts af ait rcqisttr to another s
a YegiGtty transftr
A Ytqigttr trarftr i5 irrdicatt.d as
Ra R
In this cast tht otfnE of
irtto Rrgister R
RtqisttrRiJacattoc
A 2LRA 6irqultantaus tfanitr dt all bts fron
Ht 5quece Ra to dtstinatign
tht ont dlac
rtgitr Ra, durin
PUSE
Nott that this is non-degtructi i.e tht
Ra aft not alttred
by
conttrts
R topyilgk0adirty) thtm to
 clasSmat
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Gir tht drffcierice behwtet Rl5atd Cls

AnsRI6C
Reduccd instructiun gt (omputtr t I5 U typc tt micsuprort9sur
archiftcturt that usts 4 Srrill Stt Gt instruttion.s ut unHorm length
Thest art Gimplt instrurtion hich alt gentially exe Uttdiaont
daik
cyclt RI6C chip qt tlutively simplt tu des ig1 and incxpensive
Thc Sct bacie o this desiqn 19 tiut tht totmputty hus to rt peattdly perfurm
Sirmple optrutforzs to extcutt a laYgtr prograin fave larqe numbY of
pYOLE35ingaprratian
EKamplts SPARC PoiaIER PC et

C15C
Compltx Instruction stt ormpuftr5. Thes prurssors Gtftr tte users
hurditd o injtructian tf varioable SigeCIS arckittc ture incdudes a
CaTIpkft oSpei purpose circuits that cayyy aUt thtse instructian
at vy high speed TheSc inshructian inttract with mermory by
Using curpltx addYCGSng modeg CiSCptucr&surs ICdutt tht praqam
Sit attd ene leyt urnbY at menory cy.des dYe reuired tu
CKutt tht proqramS. Tnis iftccuscs tht
0vt ral specd of executtan
EKamplts IrttlAMD

UNI- 2
9EXplair all ht addiess ing rmades NTh cAu m pleg fal
cuch
Addit 58ing fladeS
SptCiHitsaYult for inter prcting ar
modityin9 te addlVss fielkd c
iGtruction
vatiety_ot adt s5iny mode
u givt prOgra m1ninq
fictibility o to the urr
T0 USt tte bits iL the add ress
ficld tht inst fuctton etficiertly.
plitd modt
 Actlveas of 1tht operonds art spcify
Lirplicrty efinition
in The dttinisi

0 instructfon
E A AC,O EA-
gtock.[6P
2)
EXatmpks CLA, CME, INP
JOnediatt rrrade
atad 9pcctfyilrg tht add ress dt tht 6peYald,-
optramd tstH is 3peuifftd
N nted to
apecify addycss i tthe instuCtto
fOIMEVe 0peramd itsr t reed to 5pecifiea
ust fo qcqui ve dope 1a
rd
Rtqigtty Made
Addeas Specified in the ingtructian is tht reqistcr
Qdd Yess tfut rsidt IAithin tht CPU
Sha Dddyes5 thur tht ntrrory addyes5
Savinq qddress firtd in tie instructi.an
2
EAIR(R), CIA (R) Acgjstty fictd o
Rtqisttr Indircet rlode
uttign Sptciffty a rtqisttr (CPu) which Cortdins
tht mtmOry addes6 of
ogrard
aving instruction bite 6inte ytcisttr add
6 krarter ttrar cso s
memdyy add e 35
EAIR(RJ (gmt nt of x)I2]
5Auto incLtrrt g_ Auto
Athtr ttut dtoiermtt mae
additss in tht rgistt i5 UStd t
aCcs LTTory ,tt ulut in tht rgistr i s
inCftatnttd of dtcrtmeicd by
62DiIEc access node
1
autonlatcolly
Instr ution Sptcifits mt mary acldvess unith
tht
(an bt UStd_ diftcly to aceSs
thi mê
taster Than tht othtr hemony mory
addob)ny d mada
1Indiftct addit sbing mudt
 elassmate
Date.
poge
Tht addrss fitld dt ar instrutian
6ptcifits tht ad dres s dt a
merrmory acatton thaf tontnins tht adless
uf the optrands
Stq IAL to acuire d t
dpeicitd becaust0f ar addrton ad mtmary
acce5
-EA- MLIR Laddttss)J

8Rtlalivt add1C$inq rade

Tht addYtss ield aninstyuc tion
6pecifics te purt f the
dddress INhich_ can e UGed along INit a
dtsig natcd (eqi ster ta
calculattaddftss of the operand.
Addtss itld af tht instructiun i6 shart
Lagcphysical Itmlory can& aCeS SE d_INith a
afaddles5 bits. Small number

UNL-3
OTa) Explain Input LaiRit intiolt aith
5 Tnput autput ittifaCe prowides help a_diag.ru.cn
a methud for ttans-ferring
b/uw inttunal Storaqe and tktt rmal Ilo informatian
deui.ces
piplherals tonnaitd to a Ogmpittr nttd 5påtlal
Jinks fo inttefacinq thtin witt (om.munitotidn
Tht purpust a
centrcul processing unit
cOamunitattun link s s tu esalve the dtfte renLec
that Raists b/w tht (entra
Tht
(ormputey 3 cach PCripher
tmain dttvtnte aut
pripht rals ort tkctro cltchunital and
atd(PU and mtmaey aut eltch[oni electfanaqnetic devices
2Thtdatn tronsttr ratt d CPU gnd dtuices
(onstue nttatly ,a Sy chtanizatian
mecharism muy lbe needed
3Dataocts ald
formads i ntht peripherals dfftr f ronm tht
JAUK foLmtd in the (PUand tht
4Tht opt fatiny nodes memofy.
pfiph.erals dt
andmust be courtrol led Go 5 ngt to difttreit fron_cuh dthef
dISturb tht optration of other
ppriphtruls cunntcttd to thit CPU
 Poe

Data

Pracess0r A ddress
-Carrtral

Trttrfate rtttate Imitrfate

eyboard Magnetic
A display Printtr
ttrrmial DiS
Com.ectiun of I/a busto input0ut put
druice s

Q7L int ittit folaisim9

La)priOity nttr rupt
A numbtr of I/o dtvies dyc attached t 0
IAitfr tach computer
dtyice being ab l tu driginatean
initrnupt systtm.is ta idtrrtify tht 54orr-o
inituptft and htn prauide
struices to them
gut inMUStcagts thtrtis pus6ibility
that Sevcral
SUurCEs iI (Egitst the fasE o inttrfupt sy
is tu stem
idtntifyt ht S0urc Cdruice) o iattropt and
th tn prauidt struÍCes to tbem
CDo5y chain piority
In this piority 3ystt.m tht devicG hich
inttr upt tu CPU qvt
aUst an
(onnrtted i0aYial line
rom highpriarity 10 tht-iYst ond oll the Wiy tu
uy
(0uegt_priotity at last
 lassAte

Poessor datt buus

To Text
devie5

Inttrrupttd rey CPU

Inttirupt ackndwled 4t

UN11
mLPpinaExplain all moppinq Mcthods (assacittiur
QEInthut is
stt-095oioiyt mapp.nq
ru.ppirtg+ diyrct mapeing ond
informndtion froT Mainmemary t0
Ans Tht loating d düta 0
dctta fram (achtTt my
Kuthtmntmury 5u thot cPU Can accss tit
is calltd mapping-
ht mappils 103-typc5
nDiiect mapping
( AsSaciativt mapping
di Stt AsSAciatlve mappling
DirretMupping
memory and Rn IAlGrdG aVe in
f thtrt qut Ry IAIDICds in tht tuche
m e m o I y n t n - bit mt.mury uddes5 15
diyidtd irto 2ficlds
muin dog. Tht divect Papping
tht indtK fitld _aTd n-k bits jur tht
K-i15 iur
Cacht mtmory UGEs n bt add kebs in ac(ess ttt mdin rtmary of
K-bit tu at(ess tht (arht index
uit 9bit
T4y in des
572 x1 2
do 32x12 Man Odo Pata Rbt
000 memofy Cotre memory
qddres5 15bit 7 17 addIosE 96it
111
Dort u-12 bits
Octal gddres
 Page

Assucitivr Mappinq- mapping SeCLET

hig is tht faytts1 and mast fexible
it uGes assaciati ve mtrmury.
n c Q3sadicti ve merOy StoraS buth the add'ess and
bits
CUIttrte rrmemory IANGrd Tht addtess aucg G
QYE Shawn 45 afiut- digit oLtal number ard ifs
COYYapdndinq R-bits are grds avt 5tanin as a
dlgit o ctal rumbtr. Tt the cacht is futl and
Addliess_data puir must bt displacs to mdKe ogn
fur apair thitt is neded arnd nat pveserted the
Cuche
CpU Addrtss
15ti1s)
ArguTent Rtqisttr

Add fcs S datg

01000 3460
02111 6.1L0
2234 5 1R3u
Sr AsSacictiut Mappinq
It s btttty ttan hath aihtrMappin In this
Puch IAlurd df tht achf can start tO
more ward
of raemoy orndtr1t 5an2 Indtá
addfessEach
duta IAlord is stored ogeihYNHhits large
tht fumber H tag ttmsnont-uord and
Cache
i s4ik
O00013450 56 To

0- Cua | | 00 810
 alasSMAte
Date
Poge

UNII-2
Qs ENaluatt the qiVtn ahimetic Stuttmert using Zero,ontpr twe
addrcss instructiun
X A-8t
CCtt)*K
bal'ztro uddYe5s
PUSHA T09 A
Pu st 09D
SUB ToS <A-B3

ADD TS Ctt H
PUSI Tos k
MuL TO09 Gtit *k
DIV TuS+(A-D1)/ CCGt)*K
POP XM X1 TOs

ONE addres
LOAD A AL MA

5UB B A AL-MI0
61ORE IMI AL
ADD ALALt MM
STORF IMI+ AC
DIV aAC A/M[a)
ADD H AL A + MIHJ
6TURE MÍI <AC
MUL ACE AL7 MIE
STUREIMI]<AL
TNO Addres>
MOv R4,A R1 MA
SUB RIBR1 R1-6
Mgv R CR2 M[
 ADD RaRa R+RLtRi.
MG
Mov Ra
ADD Ra H R3 Rat
MOV RYkRu M[i
MuL R ,R3RY RR3
DIv RL R4R R2 /Ry
lOv X R M[x R

LUAIT1-11
43a
 classmate
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UNIT-1
Q3)a) Expluin th Instructfdrn cycle AIith tht htlp of fioNchart
5GFolloINiny bttps ftils hun
instructian (ytle Aill niork
Fttth tht instruCtion ffo.m memOKy
Decadt fht instuctian
3Rtad tht ttitctivt addftss from memaity it tht
instructian has
inditet addfts 5
Extcutt tht instrucHan

Sturt
SC0
To
AR PC

IR m(AR): PC-PCta
Decadt 0P Code in IRTR-14A
AR IR Ca-1L -IR15)
(Rtgisttr ar Iio)1 =0 (MermOry -reft rena)

Gte)-1 (regittr (Irdirect-1 -u Cdirec+

AR-CAR Nothing
EKtCUtt EACCUt
input autput Yegisttr-t
SC-0 ir6trucign EXtCutt
6C0 mtmgry= Iftrtrice
EE str uction
6C00