Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) Unit: 1 Part-A: 15 Questions (Each 1 Mark)

EE8451 Linear Integrated Circuits and Applications Dept of EEE/EIE/ICE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)

UNIT: 1
Part-A: 15 questions (each 1 mark)
1 How does an industrial temperature range device in National Semiconductor IC is
represented?
a) LM305
b) LM101
c) LM201
d) All of the mentioned
2 What is the use of notch and dot in DIP ICs?
a) Determine the pin configuration
b) Designed to represent device type
c) Represent property of IC
d) Find the pin number
3 A Dual-In-Line Package is usually referred to as
a) DIPn
b) nDIP
c) DIPn
4 ICs used for industrial application will have temperature range from
a) -55o to +85oc
b) 90o to 155oc
c) 10o to 100oc
d) -20o to +85oc
5 Which of the following is used to obtain silicon crystal structure while fabricating
Integrating Circuits?
a) Oxidation
b) Epitaxial growth
c) Photolithography
d) Silicon wafer preparations
6 In Crzochralski crystal growth process, the materials are heated up to
a) 950oc
b) 1000 oc
c) 1420oc
d) 1200oc
7 Which of the following statement is not true?
a) X-ray and Electron beam lithography technique, produce device dimensions
down to submicron range.
b) Ultraviolet lithography has limitation due to diffraction effects of wavelength.
c) The cost of X-ray or Electron beam is less compared to Ultraviolet
photolithography.
d) The exposure time is less in Ultraviolet compared to X-ray or Electron beam
lithography.
8 The major disadvantage of PN-junction isolation technique is:
a) Formation of Parasitic Resistance
b) Formation of Parasitic Capacitance
c) Formation of Isolation island
d) None of the mentioned
1
9 Pick out the incorrect statement

Aluminium is usually used for metallization of most IC as it offers
a) Relatively a good conductor
b) High resistance
c) Good mechanical bond with silicon
d) Deposition of aluminium film using vacuum deposition
10 Which semiconductor is most widely used for fabrication of Integrated Circuit?
a) Germanium, Ge
b) Gallium Arsenide, GaAs
c) Silicon, Si
11 The ‘buried layer’ reduces collector series resistance by providing,
a) A low resistivity current path from n-type layer to n+ contact layer
b) A low resistivity current path from p-type layer to n+ contact layer
c) A high resistivity current path from n-type layer to n+ contact layer
d) A high resistivity current path from p-type layer to n+ contact layer
12 The flow of current in Schottky barrier diode is due to
a) Majority and Minority carriers
b) Majority carriers
c) Minority carriers
13 Which insulating layer used in Fabrication of MOSFET?
a) Aluminium oxide
b) Silicon Nitride
c) Silicon dioxide
14 Which of the following plays an important role in improving device performance of
MOSFET?
a) Dielectric constant
b) Threshold voltage
c) Power supply voltage
d) Gate to drain voltage
15 Electroplating technique is suitable for

a) Making conduction films ceramic
b) Coating with considerable thickness
c) Coating without use of electric current
d) Making conduction films of gold or copper
16 ICs are the most commonly used
a)Thin films
b)Monolithic
c)Hybrid
d)None of the above
17 ……………. cannot be fabricated on an IC

Transistors
a.Diodes
b.Resistors
c.Large inductors and transformers
d.None
2
18 The active components in an IC are ………….

a.Resistors
b.Capacitors
c.Transistors and diodes
d.None of the above
19 The SiO2 layer in an IC acts as ………….

a.A resistor
b.An insulating layer
c.Mechanical output
d.None of the above
20 The active components in an IC are ………….

a.Resistors
b.Capacitors
c.Transistors and diodes
d.None of the above
21 Which component is added to the p-type material in order to get the impurity
concentration in epitaxial films?
a) Bi-borane (B2H2)
b) Phosphine (PH3)
c) Boron chloride (BCl3)
d) Phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5)
22 Where are the silicon wafers placed in the reaction chamber for the epitaxial growth
process?
a) Cup
b) Boats
c) Ingots
d) Crucible
23 Why oxidation process is required?
a) To protect against contamination
b) To use it for fabrication various components
c) To prevent diffusion of impurities
24 Which integrated resistor can achieve high value of sheet resistance?
a) Pinched resistor
b) Epitaxial resistor
c) Thin film resistor
25 Name the process that is used to overcome the increase in collector series
resistance, which occurs due to the presence of collector contact at the top of
integrated transistor.
a) Buried n+ layer
b) Buried p+ layer
c) Triple diffused layer
d) Buried epitaxial layer
26 Which transistor is best suitable to achieve very fast switching in digital
circuits?
a) Lateral pnp transistor
3
b) Schottky transistor
c) Multi-emitter transistor
d) NPN transistor
27 Mylar coated with a sheet of red photographic Mylar is used for artwork
(layout) because,
a) It is used to get a colourful layout
b) It can be easily peeled off from layout
c) It is recommended colour for layouts
d) It is used for highlighting layout
28 Which type of etching process is preferred to make the photoresist immune to
etchants?
a) None of the mentioned
b) Wet etching
c) Plasma etching
d) Chemical etching
29 Which method is most suitable for silicon crystal growth in silicon wafer
preparation?
a) Float zone process
b) Bridgeman-Stockbarger method
c) Czochralski crystal growth process
d) Laser heated pedestal growth
30 In the fabrication of monolithic ICs, Boron chloride is added as an impurity in
the diffusion process. Find the diffusion time, if the furnace is heated up to
1200oc.
a) 1 hour
b) 2 hours
c) 45 minutes
d) 30 minutes
31 Find the basic chemical reaction used for Epitaxial growth?
Ans: c
32 Mention the chemical reaction for oxidation process
a) Si + 2H2O –> SiO2 + 2H2
b) Si + O2 –> SiO2
c) 2Si + 2H2O –> 2SiO2 + 2H2
d) 2Si + 2H2O + 2O2 –> 2SiO2 + 2H2 + O2
33 Choose the appropriate value of diode to get a speedy diode from the given values
of storage time (n) in sec and forward voltage (V γ).
a) n = 56 , V γ = 0.96
b) n = 100 , V γ = 0.92
c) n = 9 , V γ = 0.85
d) n = 53 , V γ = 0.95
4
34 How a uniform film with good crystal structure is attained in cathode sputtering
process?
a) By hitting high energy particle directly on the substrate
b) Allowing Less time for the particles to deposit on the substrate
c) High energy particle diffuse through low pressure gas and deposits on the
substrate
d) Heavy inert gas is used for film deposition on the substrate
35 Find the sequence of steps involved in fabrication of poly silicon gate MOSFET?
Step 1: Entire wafer surface of a Si3N4is coated and it is etched away with the help
of mask to include source, gate and drain.
Step 2: The contact areas are defined using photolithographic process
Step3: Selective etching of Si3N4 and thin oxide growth
Step 4: Deposition of poly silicon gate
Step 5: thick oxide growth called field oxide and Pimplantation
Step 6: Metallization and interconnection between substrate and source
a) 1->5->3->4->2->6
b) 1->3->4->2->5->6
c) 1->5->4->3->2->6
d) 1->4->2->5->3->6
36 Consider a 52cm×52cm material of uniform resistivity 100Ωm and thickness 3cm.
Find the area and resistance of this sheet of material.
a) 16 m2, 1.923 Ω/square
b) 8112 cm2, 1.733 Ω/square
c) 156 cm2, 33.33 Ω/square
d) 901 cm2, 3.333 Ω/square
37 Match the sheet resistance value for the following region in diffused resistor
1. Epitaxial Collector region i. 200Ω/square
2. p-type base region ii. 1 to 10kΩ/square
3. n-type emitter region iii. 5Ω/square

a) 1-I, 2-ii, 3-iii
b) 1-ii, 2-I, 3-iii
c) 1-iii, 2-I, 3-ii
d) 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i
38 If a 25Ω diffused resistor is to be designed for an emitter resistor, determine the
pattern in which it is fabricated?
a) 20mil long by 5mil wide
b) 25mil long by 1mil wide
c) 5mil long by 1mil wide
d) 16mil long by 4mil wide
39 Ultra Large Scale Integration are used in fabrication of
a) 8-bit microprocessors, RAM, ROM
b) 16 and 32- bit microprocessors
c) Special processors and Smart sensors
5
40. Find the coating material used for photo etching process along with its thickness
range.
a) Kodak photoresist (5000-10000Å)
b) Kodak photoresist (1000-5000Å)
c) Kodak photo etchant (1000-5000 Å)
d) Kodak photo etchant (500-1000 Å)
41. Etching is used for:
A.Selective removal of the unwanted surface
B.Cleaning
C.Interconnection
D.None of the above
42. Optical masking is used:

A.Pattern transfer
B.Protection
C.Cleaning
D.None of the above
43. JFET is similar to that of fabrication of
a) Diode fabrication
b) BJT fabrication
c) FET fabrication
44. If the thickness of wafer after all polishing steps in silicon wafer preparation is 23-
40 mils. Find its raw cut slice thickness?
a) 16-32 mils
b) 23-40 mils
c) 8-12 mils
45. The number of square contained in the integrated resistor by diffused resistor
method depend on ratio of
a) ρ/t
b) ρ×L/W
c) W/L×t
d) L/W
46 Metal can IC packages are available in
a) 42 leads
b) 16 leads
c) 12 leads
d) 24 leads
47 Which is the most striking feature in monolithic integrated circuit transistor?
a) Collector contact is present at the bottom of IC
b) Collector contact is present at the top of IC
c) Collector contact is absent
d) Collector contact is present on one of the sides of IC
48 What is the reason for using Lateral pnp transistor in Integrated Circuits?
a) Requires simple process control
b) Simultaneous fabrication of pnp and npn transistors
c) Provide good isolation
d) Miniaturization and cost reduction
6
49 Find the area of artwork done for a monolithic chip of area 30mil × 30mil.
a) 16 cm × 16 cm
b) 60 cm × 60 cm
c) 12 cm × 12 cm
d) 36 cm × 36 cm
50 Find the symbol for Schottky barrier diode from the given circuit diagram?
Answer : option a
UNIT II CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAMP
1 Determine the output from the following circuit
a) 180o in phase with input signal

b) 180o out of phase with input signal
c) Same as that of input signal
d) Output signal cannot be determined
2 Ideal op-amp has infinite voltage gain because
a) To control the output voltage
b) To obtain finite output voltage
c) To receive zero noise output voltage
3. Find the input voltage of an ideal op-amp. It’s one of the inputs and output voltages
are 2v and 12v. (Gain=3)
a) 8v
b) 4v
c) -4v
d) -2v
4 What makes the output voltage equals to zero in practical op-amp?

a) Input offset voltage
b) Output offset voltage
c) Offset minimizing voltage
d) Error voltage
7
5 The input offset voltage of 741 op-amp has an absolute maximum value of 6mv,
which means
a) Minimum difference between input terminals in 741 op-amp can be large as 6mv
DC
b) Minimum difference between input terminals in 741 op-amp can be large as 6mv
AC
c) Maximum difference between input terminals in 741 op-amp can be large as 6mv
DC
d) Maximum difference between input terminals in 741 op-amp can be large as 6mv
AC
6 What will the condition of op-amp, before applying any external input
a) Compensated
b) Biased
c) Balanced
d) Zero
7 Input bias current is defined as
a) Average of two input bias current
b) Summing of two input bias current
c) Difference of two input bias current
d) Product of two input bias current
8 Although the value of input bias current is very small, it causes
a) Output voltage
b) Input offset voltage
c) Output offset voltage
9 Find the input bias current for the circuit given below
a) 10mA
b) 2mA
c) 5mA
10. Name the resistor that is connected in the non-inverting terminal of op-amp which
is in parallel combination of resistor connected in inverting terminal and feedback
resistor.
a) Random minimizing resistor
b) Offset minimizing resistor
c) Offset reducing resistors
d) Output minimizing resistors
8
11. Calculate ROM, if the value of IB1 = IB2 in the given circuit.
a) 1173.11Ω
b) 171.31Ω
c) 1171.43Ω
d) 1071.43Ω
12. Analyse the given circuit and determine the correct option
a) Voo ≥ VIOB
b) Voo = VIOB
c) Voo >> VIOB
d) Voo << VIOB
13. The maximum amount by which the two input bias current may differ is known as
a) Input null current
b) Average input bias current
c) Input offset current
14. Find out the input offset current from the circuit
a) Iio = |IBA*IBC|
b) Iio = |IBA+ IBC|
c) Iio = |IBA/ IBC|
d) Iio = |IBA– IBC|
9
15. Determine the maximum output offset voltage caused by input offset current
a) 5.4mv
b) 7.3mv
c) 6.9mv
d) 8.1mv
16. Which factor affect the input offset voltage, bias current and input offset current in
an op-amp
a) Change in temperature
b) Change in supply voltage
c) Change in time
17 Thermal voltage drift is defined as
a) △Vio/△T
b) △VF/△T
c) △Iio/△T
d) △IB/△T
18 A completely compensated inverting amplifier is nulled at room temperature 25oC,
determine the temperature at which the total output offset voltage will be zero?
a) 50oC
b) 25oC
c) 75oC
d) 125oC
19. A supply voltage rejection ratio of 15µv/v is given for an op-amp. Find its
equivalent value in decibels
a) 74db
b) 77dB
c) 76.48dB
d) 76dB
20 When does the op-amp perform better?
a) Low value of SVRR in µV/V
b) High value if SVRR in µV/V
c) Low value of SVRR in dB
d) High value of SVRR in dB
21 The major source of interference with the desired signal in electronic system is
called
a) Error signal
b) Interference signal
c) Noise signal
d) Faulty signal
22 Which among the following has best immunity to induced noise?
a) Non-inverting amplifier
b) Inverting amplifier
c) Differential amplifier
d) Voltage follower
10
23 Internal noise generation can be reduced by keeping

b) Input lead length short
c) Both input and output lead length short
d) Output lead length short
24. The type of noise phenomena that increases with increase in temperature is
s) None of the mentioned
b) 1/f noise
c) Schottky noise
d) Thermal noise
25. Which among the following is not a source of internal noise?
a) AC random voltages generated within conductors
b) Lightning
c) Switching of circuits
26. An inverting amplifier that amplifies dc input level is called
a) DC and AC amplifier
b) AC amplifier
c) DC amplifier
27. What are the features of instrumentation amplifier?
a) Low noise
b) High gain accuracy
c) Low thermal and time drift
28.
Consider the entire resistors in the bridge circuit are equal. The resistance and
change in resistance are given as 3kΩ and 30kΩ. Calculate the output voltage of
differential instrumentation amplifier?
a) 4.95v
b) 1.65v
c) 8.25v
d) 14.85v
29. In what way the internal construction of the op-amp contribute to capacitive effect
in op-amp?
a) Formation of junction capacitor
b) Due to internally connected capacitors
c) Formation of stray capacitor
11
30. Assume that the increase and decrease in the resistance of the strain gage element
is by the same number of △R. Determine the unbalanced voltage equation.
a) V = – Vdc×(△R/R)
b) V = – Vdc×(△R/R+△R)
c) V = Vdc×(△R/R)
d) V = – Vdc×[(△R+ R)/R].
31. Voltage to current converter is also called as
a) Current series positive feedback amplifier
b) Voltage series negative feedback amplifier
c) Current series negative feedback amplifier
d) Voltage series positive feedback amplifier
32. Given voltage to current converter with floating load. Determine the output current?
a) 3mA
b) 6mA
c) 4mA
d) 2mA
33 How to modify a low voltage DC voltmeter to low voltage ac voltmeter
a) Add a full wave rectifier in the feedback loop
b) Add a half wave rectifier in the feedback loop
b) Add a square wave rectifier in the feedback loop
b) Add a sine wave rectifier in the feedback loop
34. Determine the output voltage of the differentiator?
a) VO = RF×C1×[dVin/dt].
b) VO = -RF×C1×[dVin/dt].
c) VO = RF×CF×[dVin/dt].
35. which factor makes the differentiator circuit unstable?
a) Output impedance
b) Input voltage
c) Noise
d) Gain
36. The increase in the input frequency of the differentiation amplifier to input
impedance creates
a) Component noise
b) External noise
c) Low frequency noise
d) High frequency noise
12
37 Calculate the gain limiting frequency for the circuit
a) 15.64Hz
b) 23.356Hz
c) 33.89Hz
38. Which application use differentiator circuit?
b) FM modulators
c) Wave generators
d) Frequency Shift keying
39. Find the output voltage of the integrator
a) Vo = (1/R×CF)×t∫0 Vindt+C
b) Vo = (R/CF)×t∫0 Vindt+C
c) Vo = (CF/R)×t∫0 Vindt+C
d) Vo = (R×CF)×t∫0 Vindt+C
40. Why an integrator cannot be made using low pass RC circuit?
a) It require large value of R and small value of C
b) It require large value of C and small value of R
c) It require large value of R and C
d) It require small value of R and C
41. The frequency at which gain is 0db for integrator is
a) f=1/(2πRFCF)
b) f=1/(2πR1CF)
c) f=1/(2πR1R1)
d) f=(1/2π)×(RF/R1)
42. The op-amp operating in open loop result in output of the amplifier to saturate at a
voltage
a) Close to op-amp positive power supply
b) Close to op-amp negative power supply
c) Close to op-amp positive or negative power supply
43. Why practical integrator is called as lossy integrator?
a) Dissipation power
b) Provide stabilization
c) Changes input
13
44. Determine the lower frequency limit of integration for the circuit given below.
a) 43.43kHz
b) 4.82kHz
c) 429.9kHz
d) 4.6MHz
45 Consider a practical op-amp where the power supply is VCC = +12V and VEE = -
12V. The open loop gain is 106 and open loop bandwidth is 5Hz. What is the
maximum positive input before which the output is saturated?
a) 12 mV
b) 0.012 mV
c) 24 mV
d) 12V
46 Given an op-amp who’s gain is unknown but the output is saturated, which of
the following is not possible?
a) No feedback is being applied
b) Negative feedback is applied while input is more than –VSat/AOL
c) Positive feedback is applied
d) Negative feedback is applied while the input is more than VSat/AOL
47 The current flowing into one input of the op-amp is 12nA and it is 10 nA in the
other. Find the input offset current.
a) 1nA
b) 2nA
c) -2nA
d) 11nA
48 Given that the PSRR of an op-amp is 120dB. The supply lies between 12V to
15V. Calculate the change in the input offset voltage.
a) 3μV
b) ±3μV
c) ±3×10-12V
d) -3V
49 What is incorrect regarding the output offset voltage of op-amp?
a) It is the output when the input voltage at both input pins of op-amp is zero
b) It occurs due to dissimilarities in the internal structure of the op-amp
c) The output offset voltage does not depend on the supply voltage
d) The output offset voltage can be in the units of Volts
14
50 In the common mode-----------

a)both inputs are grounded
b)the outputs are connected together
c)an identical signal appears on both the inputs
d)the output signal are in-phase
Unit III Applications of Opamp
1. Which of the following functions does the antilog

computation required to perform continuously with
log-amps?
a) In(x)
b) log(x)
c) Sinh(x)
2. Find the output voltage of the log-amplifier
a) VO = -(kT)×ln(Vi/Vref)
b) VO = -(kT/q)×ln(Vi/Vref)
c) VO = -(kT/q)×ln(Vref/Vi)
d) VO = (kT/q)×ln(Vi/Vref)
3. How to provide saturation current and temperature compensation in log-amp?
a) Applying reference voltage alone to two different log-amps
b) Applying input and reference voltage to same log-amps
c) Applying input and reference voltage to separate log-amps
4. The input voltage, 6v and reference voltage, 4 v are applied to a log-amp with saturation
current and temperature compensation. Find the output voltage of the log-amp?
a) 6.314(kT/q)v
b) 0.597(kT/q)v
c) 0.405(kT/q)v
d) 1.214(kT/q)v
5. Determine output voltage of analog multiplier provided with two input signal Vx and Vy.
a) Vo = (Vx ×Vx) / Vy
b) Vo = (Vx ×Vy / Vref
c) Vo = (Vy ×Vy) / Vx
d) Vo = (Vx ×Vy) / Vref2
6. Match the list-I with list-II
List-I List-II
i. Input 1- Positive, Input 2- Either positive or

1. One quadrant multiplier
negative
2. Two quadrant multiplier ii. Input 1- Positive, Input 2 – Positive
iii. Input 1- Either positive or negative, Input

3. Four quadrant multiplier
2- Either positive or negative
15
a) 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii

b) 1-ii, 2-ii, 3-ii
c) 1-iii, 2-I, 3-ii
d) 1-I, 2-iii, 3-i
7. An input of Vsinωt is applied to an ideal frequency doubler. Compute its output voltage?
a) Vo = [(Vx×Vy) /Vref2] × [1-cos2ωt/2].
b) Vo = [(Vx2×Vy2) /Vref] × [1-cos2ωt/2].
c) Vo = [(Vx×Vy)2 /Vref] × [1-cos2ωt/2].
d) Vo = [(Vx×Vy) /(Vref] × [1-cos2ωt/2].
8. Express the output voltage equation of divider circuit
a) Vo= -(Vref/2)×(Vz/Vx)
b) Vo= -(2×Vref)×(Vz/Vx)
c) Vo= -(Vref)×(Vz/Vx)
d) Vo= -Vref2×(Vz/Vx)
9. Find the condition at which the output will not saturate?
a) Vx > 10v ; Vy > 10v

b) Vx < 10v ; Vy > 10v
c) Vx < 10v ; Vy < 10v
d) Vx > 10v ; Vy < 10v
10. Which circuit allows to double the frequency?
a) Frequency doubler
b) Square doubler
c) Double multiplier
11 How to remove the dc term produced along with the output in frequency doubler?
a) Use a capacitor between load and output terminal
b) Use a resistor between load and output terminal
c) Use a Inductor between load and output terminal
d) Use a potentiometer between load and output terminal
12 Find the voltage range at which the multiplier can be used as a squarer circuit?
a) 0 – Vin
b) Vref – Vin
c) 0 – Vref
16
13 Which circuit can be used to take square root of a signal?

a) Divider circuit
b) Multiplier circuit
c) Squarer circuit
14 An electrical filter is a
a) Phase-selective circuit
b) Frequency-selective circuit
c) Filter-selective circuit
15 Why inductors are not preferred for audio frequency?
a) Large and heavy
b) High power dissipation
c) High input impedance
16 Find out the incorrect statement about active and passive filters.
a) Gain is not attenuated in active filter
b) Passive filters are less expensive
c) Active filter does not cause loading of source
d) Passive filters are difficult to tune or adjust
17 Given the lower and higher cut-off frequency of a band-pass filter are 2.5kHz and 10kHz.
Determine its bandwidth.
a) 750 Hz
b) 7500 Hz
c) 75000 Hz
18. The gain of the first order low pass filter
a) Increases at the rate 20dB/decade
b) Increases at the rate 40dB/decade
c) Decreases at the rate 20dB/decade
d) Decreases at the rate 40dB/decade
19. Determine the order of filter used, when the gain increases at the rate of 60dB/decade on
the stop band.
a) Second-order low pass filter
b) Third-order High pass filter
c) First-order low pass filter
20. Name the filter that has two stop bands?

a) Band-pass filter
b) Low pass filter
c) High pass filter
d) Band-reject filter
21. Find the complex equation for the gain of the first order low pass butterworth filter as a
function of frequency.
a) AF/[1+j(f/fH)].
b) AF/√ [1+j(f/fH)2].
c) AF×[1+j(f/fH)].
17
22. In a low pass butterworth filter, the condition at which f=fH is called
a) Cut-off frequency
b) Break frequency
c) Corner frequency
23. Find the High cut-off frequency if the pass band gain of a filter is 10.
a) 70.7Hz
b) 7.07kHz
c) 7.07Hz
d) 707Hz
24. To change the high cutoff frequency of a filter. It is multiplied by R or C by a ratio of
original cut-off frequency known as
a) Gain scaling
b) Frequency scaling
c) Magnitude scaling
d) Phase scaling
25. What is the condition to achieve oscillations?
a) |Aß|=1
b) ∠Aß=0o
c) ∠Aß=multiples of 2π
d) All the mentioned
26. Name the type of noise signal present in the oscillation?
a) Schmitt noise
b) Schottky noise
c) Saturation noise
27. A basic feedback oscillator is satisfying the Barkhausen criterion. If the ß value is given as
0.7072, find the gain of basic amplifier?
a) 2.1216
b) 0.7072
c) 1
d) 1.414
28. Calculate the frequency of oscillation for RC phase shift oscillator having the value of R
and C as 35Ω and 3.7µF respectively.
a) 1230 Hz
b) 204 Hz
c) 502Hz
d) 673 Hz
29. What must be done to ensure that oscillation will not die out in RC phase shift oscillator?
a) Gain of amplifier is kept greater than 29
b) Gain of amplifier is kept greater than 1
c) Gain of amplifier is kept less than 29
d) Gain of amplifier is kept less than 1
30. Determine the frequency of oscillation (fo) in phase shift oscillator?

a) fo = √6/ωRC
b) fo = 0.56/ωRC
c) fo = 0.065/ωRC
d) fo = 6/ωRC
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31. The condition for zero phase shift in wein bridge oscillator is achieved by
a) Connecting feedback to non-inverting input terminal of op-amp
b) Balancing the bridge
c) Applying parallel combination of RC to the feedback network
32. Why zener diode is used at the output terminal of square wave generator?
a) To reduce both output and capacitor voltage swing
b) To reduce output voltage swing
c) To reduce input voltage swing
d) To reduce capacitor voltage swing
33. A square wave oscillator has fo =1khz. Assume the resistor value to be 10kΩ and find the
capacitor value?
a) 3.9 µF
b) 0.3 µF
c) 2 µF
d) 0.05µF
34. Why clamp diodes are used in comparator?
a) To reduce output offset voltage
b) To increase gain of op-amp
c) To reduce input offset current
d) To protect op-amp from damage
35. Zero crossing detectors is also called as
a) Square to sine wave generator
b) Sine to square wave generator
c) Sine to triangular wave generator
36. State a method to overcome the drawback of zero crossing detectors?
a) Increasing input voltage
b) Use of positive feedback
c) Connect a compensating network
37. Which among the following is used to increase phase angle between different voltages?
a) Phase detector
b) Window detector
c) Zero crossing detector
38. For the comparator shown below, determine the transfer curves if an ideal op-amp with
VZ1= VZ2=9v.
19
Answer: a
39. How a triangular wave generator is derived from square wave generator?
a) Connect oscillator at the output
b) Connect Voltage follower at the output
c) Connect differential at the output
d) Connect integrator at the output
40. Output of an integrator producing waveforms of unequal rise and fall time are called
a) Triangular waveform
b) Sawtooth waveform
c) Pulsating waveform
d) Spiked waveform
41. Express the output voltage of digital to analog converter?
a) Vo =KVFS(d12-1+d22-2+….dn2-n)
b) Vo =VFS/k(d12-1+d22-2+….dn2-n)
c) Vo =VFS(d12-1+d22-2+….dn2-n)
d) Vo =K(d12-1+d22-2+….dn2-n)
42. Determine the output current for an n-bit weighted resistor DAC?
a) (VR/R )× (do/2 +d1/22 + ……dn/2n)

b) (VR/R )× (d1/21 +d2/22 + ……dn/2n)
c) (VR/R )× (d02/2 +d12/22 + ……dn2/2n)
43. Determine the Full scale output in a 8-bit DAC for 0-15v range?
a) Full scale output=15.1v
b) Full scale output=15.2v
c) Full scale output=14.5v
d) Full scale output=14.94v
44. What is the disadvantage of binary weighted type DAC?
a) Require wide range of resistors
b) High operating frequency
c) High power consumption
d) Slow switching
45. The smallest resistor in a 12 bit weighted resistor DAC is 2.5kΩ, what will be the largest
resistor value?
a) 40.96MΩ
b) 10.24MΩ
c) 61.44 MΩ
d) 18.43MΩ
20
46. Which of among the following circuit is considered to be linear?

a) Weighted Resistor type DAC
b) R-2R ladder type DAC
c) Inverter R-2R ladder DAC
47. Calculate the value of LSB and MSB of a 12-bit DAC for 10v?
a) LSB =7.8mv, MSB =5v
b) LSB =9.3mv, MSB =5v
c) LSB =14.3mv, MSB =5v
d) LSB =2.4mv, MSB =5v
48. At what condition the digital to analog conversion is made?
a) Va >Vd
b) Va ≤ Vd
c) Va ≥ Vd
d) Va ≠ Vd
49. The Integrating type converters are used in
a) Digital meter
b) Panel meter
c) Monitoring system
50. Which type of ADC is chosen for noisy environment?
a) Successive approximation ADC
b) Dual slope
c) Charge balancing ADC
UNITIV SPECIAL ICs
1. Determine the time period of a monostable 555 multivibrator.

a) T = 0.33RC
b) T = 1.1RC
c) T = 3RC
d) T = RC
21
2. Find monostable vibrator circuit using 555 timer.
Answer: a
3. How to overcome mistriggering on the positive pulse edges in the monostable
circuit?
a) Connect a RC network at the input
b) Connect an integrator at the input
c) Connect a differentiator at the input
d) Connect a diode at the input
4. . A monostable multivibrator has R = 120kΩ and the time delay T = 1000ms,
calculate the value of C?
a) 0.9µF
b) 1.32µF
c) 7.5µF
d) 2.49µF
5. Which among the following can be used to detect the missing heart beat?
a) Monostable multivibrator
b) Astable multivibrator
c) Schmitt trigger
6. A 555 timer in monostable application mode can be used for

a) Pulse position modulation
b) Frequency shift keying
c) Speed control and measurement
d) Digital phase detector
7. How can a monostable multivibrator be modified into a linear ramp generator?

a) Connect a constant current source to trigger input
b) Connect a constant current source to trigger output
c) Replace resistor by constant current source
d) Replace capacitor by constant current source
22
8. Determine time period of linear ramp generator using the specifications

RE = 2.7kΩ, R1 =47kΩ , R2 100kΩ , C= 0.1µF, VCC =5v.
a) 8ms
b) 4ms
c) 2ms
d) 1ms
9. What will be the output, if a modulating input signal and continuous triggering signal
are applied to pin5 and pin22 respectively in the following circuit?
a) Frequency modulated wave form

b) Pulse width modulated wave form
c) Both pulse and frequency modulated wave form
10. Free running frequency of Astable multivibrator?

a) f=1.45/(RA+2RB)C
b) f=1.45(RA+2RB)C
c) f=1.45C/(RA+2RB)
d) f=1.45 RA/( RA+RB)
23
11. Find the charging and discharging time of 0.5µF capacitor.
a) Charging time=2ms; Discharging time=5ms

b) Charging time=5ms; Discharging time=2ms
c) Charging time=3ms; Discharging time=5ms
d) Charging time=5ms; Discharging time=3ms
12. Astable multivibrator operating at 150Hz has a discharge time of 2.5m. Find the duty
cycle of the circuit.
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 95.99%
d) 37.5%
13. Determine the frequency and duty cycle of a rectangular wave generator.
a) Frequency=63.7kHz; Duty cycle=50%

b) Frequency=53.7kHz; Duty cycle=55%
c) Frequency=43.7kHz; Duty cycle=50%
d) Frequency=60kHz; Duty cycle=55%
14. How to achieve 50% duty cycle in adjustable rectangular wave generator? (Assume
R1 –> Resistor connected between supply and discharge and R2 –> Resistor
connected between discharge and trigger input.)
a) R1 < R2
b) R1 > R2
c) R1 = R2
d) R1 ≥ R2
24
15. How to obtain symmetrical waveform in Astable multivibrator?

a) Use clocked RS flip-flop
b) Use clocked JK flip-flop
c) Use clocked D-flip-flop
d) Use clocked T-flip-flop
16. Determine the output frequency of the circuit.
a) 1450Hz
b) 1333Hz
c) 1871Hz
d) 1700Hz
17. How does a monostable multivibrator used as frequency divider?
a) Using square wave generator
b) Using triangular wave generator
c) Using sawtooth wave generator
d) Using sine wave generator
18. What is the function of the comparators in the 555 timer circuit?
A. to compare the output voltages to the internal voltage divider
B. to compare the input voltages to the internal voltage divider
C. to compare the output voltages to the external voltage divider
D. to compare the input voltages to the external voltage divider
19. When a capacitor charges:

A. the voltage across the plates rises exponentially
B. the circuit current falls exponentially
C. the capacitor charges to the source voltage in 5×RC seconds
D. all of the above
20. The ________ is defined as the time the output is active divided by the total period of
the output signal.
A. on time
B. off time
C. duty cycle
D. active ratio
21. What does the discharge transistor do in the 555 timer circuit?
A. charge the external capacitor to stop the timing
B. charge the external capacitor to start the timing over again
C. discharge the external capacitor to stop the timing
D. discharge the external capacitor to start the timing over again
25
22. Pulse stretching, time-delay, and pulse generation are all easily accomplished with
which type of multivibrator circuit?
A. astable
B. monostable
C. multistable
D. bistable
23. The internal circuitry of the 555 timer consists of ________, an R-S flip-flop, a
transistor switch, an output buffer amplifier, and a voltage divider.
A. a comparator
B. a voltage amplifier
C. two comparators
D. a peak detector
24. With most monostable multivibrators, what is the Q output when no input trigger has
occurred?
A. LOW
B. +5 V
C. SET
D. HIGH
25. An astable multivibrator requires:
A. balanced time constants
B. a pair of matched transistors
C. no input signal
D. dual J-K flip-flops
26. What is the difference between an astable multivibrator and a monostable
multivibrator?
A. The astable is free running.
B. The astable needs to be clocked.
C. The monostable is free running.
D. none of the above
27. The output of the astable circuit ________.
A. constantly switches between two states
B. is LOW until a trigger is received
C. is HIGH until a trigger is received
D. floats until triggered
28. What controls the output pulse width of a one shot?
A. the clock frequency
B. the width of the clock pulse
C. an RL time constant
D. an RC time constant
29. In a typical IC monostable multivibrator circuit, at the falling edge of the trigger
input, the output switches HIGH for a period of time determined by the ________.
A. value of the RC timing components
B. amplitude of the input trigger
C. frequency of the input trigger
D. magnitude of the dc supply voltage
30. A monostable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
26
31. What is the difference between a retriggerable one shot and a nonretriggerable one
shot?
A. The nonretriggerable can only be triggered once.
B. The retriggerable can be triggered many times.
C. The output pulse can be stretched with a nonretriggerable.
D. The output pulse can be stretched with a retriggerable.
32 Triggering a retriggerable one shot during pulse generation will:
A. time out the original pulse
B. extend the pulse to this trigger width
C. have no effect
D. double the original pulse width
33. The monostable multivibrator circuit is not an oscillator because ________.
A. its output switches between two states
B. it requires a trigger to obtain an output signal
C. it requires a sine wave input signal
D. the circuit does not require a dc power supply
34. To obtain a 50% duty cycle in an astable 555 timer circuit:
A. tLO = tHI
B. RA = RB and short RB with a diode during the capacitor charging cycle
C. capacitor voltage must rise above 1/3 VCC
D. tLO = tHI, RA = RB, and short RB with a diode during the capacitor charging
cycle
35. An astable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
36. Which mode of operation is being used when a 555 timer chip has two external
resistors and an external capacitor?
A. monostable
B. pulse stretching
C. Schmitt triggering
D. astable
37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a retriggerable monostable
multivibrator?
A. It is a dual multivibrator.
B. It has an active-HIGH reset, which terminates all timing functions.
C. It has no internal timing resistor.
38. The pulse width out of a one-shot multivibrator increases when the:
A. supply voltage increases
B. timing resistor decreases
C. UTP decreases
D. timing capacitance increases
39. If the resistor in the Schmitt trigger astable multivibrator is a variable resistor, what
part of the output voltage waveform will change when the resistance is changed?
A. the shape of the waveform
B. the amplitude of the waveform
C. the period of the waveform
27
40. Which device is used for diagnostic purposes and for recording?
a) Low pass filter
b) Monolithic PLL
c) Voltage Controlled Oscillator
41. If the output of the Schmitt trigger is given below. Estimate the output at the pin 3 of
VCO.
Answer: a
42. Write the equation for time period of VCO?
a) (2×Vcc×CT)/i
b) (Vcc CT)/(2×i)
c) (Vcc×CT×i)/2
d) (2×Vcc)/(i×CT)
43. Determine the value of current flow in VCO, when the NE566 VCO external timing
resistor RT =250Ω and the modulating input voltage Vc=3.25V.(Assume Vcc=+5v).
a) 3mA
b) 12mA
c) 7mA
d) 10mA
44. From the circuit given, find the value of output frequency?
a) 178.484 Hz
b) 104.84 Hz
c) 145.84 Hz
d) 110.88 Hz
45. The output frequency of the VCO can be changed by changing
a) External tuning resistor
b) External tuning capacitor
c) Modulating input voltage
28
46. Calculate the value of external timing capacitor, if no modulating input signal is
applied to VCO. Consider fo=25 kHz and RT=5 kΩ.
a) 6nF
b) 100µF
c) 2nF
d) 10nF
47. What is the advantage of using filter?
a) High noise immunity
b) Reduce the bandwidth of PLL
c) Provides dynamic range of frequencies
48. Which filter is used in VCO?
Answer: d
49. Choose the VCO for attaining higher output frequency.
a) NE566
b) SE566
c) MC4024
50. Voltage to frequency conversion factor for VCO is
a) Kv = △Vc/ △fo
b) Kv = △fo/△Vc
c) Kv = △fo × △Vc
d) Kv = 1/(△fo×△Vc)
UNIT V APPLICATION ICs

1. Which is not considered as a linear voltage regulator?
a) Fixed output voltage regulator
b) Adjustable output voltage regulator
c) Switching regulator
d) Special regulator
2. What is the dropout voltage in a three terminal IC regulator?
a) |Vin| ≥ |Vo|+2v
b) |Vin| < |Vo|-2v
c) |V in| = |Vo|
d) |Vin| ≤ |Vo|
29
3. To get a maximum output current, IC regulation are provided with

a) Radiation source
b) Heat sink
c) Peak detector
4. For the given circuit, let VEB(ON)=1v, ß= 15 and IO=2mA. Calculate the load
current
a) IL = 23.45A
b) IL = 46.32A
c) IL = 56.87A
d) IL = 30.75A
5. Which type of regulator is considered more efficient?
a) All of the mentioned
b) Special regulator
c) Fixed output regulator
d) Switching regulator
6. State the reason for thermal shutdown of IC regulator?
a) Spikes in temperature
b) Decrease in temperature
c) Fluctuation in temperature
d) Increase in temperature
7. 7. Find the difference between output current having a load of 100Ω and 120Ω for
7805 IC regulator. Consider the following specification: Voltage across the load =
5v; Voltage across the internal resistor= 350mv.
a) 8.4mA
b) 7mA
c) 9mA
d) 3.4mA
8. The change in output voltage for the corresponding change in load current in a 7805
IC regulator is defined as
a) All of the mentioned
b) Line regulation
c) Load regulation
d) Input regulation
9. An IC 7840 regulator has an output current =180mA and internal resistor =10Ω. Find
the collector current in the output using the transistor specification: ß=15 and
VEB(ON) =1.5v.
a) 270mA
b) 450mA
c) 100mA
d) 50mA
30
10. How the average temperature coefficient of output voltage expressed in fixed voltage
regulator?
a) miilivolts/oC
b) miilivoltsoC
c) None of the mentioned
d) oC/ miilivolts
11. . In the circuit given below, let VEB(ON)=0.8v and ß=16. Calculate the output
current coming from 7805 IC and collector current coming from transistor Q1 for a
load of 5Ω.
a) IO =111mA, IC= 808mA

b) IO =111mA, IC= 829mA
c) IO =111mA, IC= 881mA
d) IO =111mA, IC= 889mA
12. . Calculate the output voltage for LM314 regulator. The current IADJ is very small in
the order of 100µA. (Assume VREF=1.25v)
a) 17.17v
b) 34.25v
c) 89.34v
d) 23.12v
13. Compute the input voltage of 7805c voltage regulator with a current source that will
deliver a 0.725A current to 65Ω, 10w load. (Assume reference voltage =5v)
a) Vin = 84v
b) Vin = 34v
c) Vin = 54v
d) Vin = 64v
14. 14. Which of the following is not a characteristic of adjustable voltage regulators?
a) Non-versatile
b) Better performance
c) Increased reliability
31
15. The 7812 regulator IC provides ________.

A. 5 V
B. –5 V
C. 12 V
D. –12 V
16. In which period is the capacitor filter discharged through the load in a full-wave
rectifier?
A. The time during the positive cycle
B. The time during which the diodes are not conducting
C. The time during which the diode(s) is (are) conducting
D. The time during the negative cycle
17. Switching regulator efficiencies can be greater than ________ percent.

A. 60
B. 70
C. 80
D. 90
18. What is the typical dropout voltage for the 7812 fixed positive voltage regulator?
A. 4 mV
B. 100 mV
C. 1.5 V
D. 2 V
19. What is the ratio of the period of the output voltage to the period of the input voltage
in a full-wave rectifier?
A. 0
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. 2
20. If the value of full-load voltage is the same as the no-load voltage, the voltage
regulation calculated is ________ %, which is the best expected.
A. 0
B. 1
C. 99
D. 100
21. A voltage regulator has a no-load output of 18 V and a full-load output of 17.3 V.
The percent load regulation is
A. 0.25%.
B. 96.1%.
C. 4.05%.
D. 1.04%.
22. A switching regulator that is configured as a voltage-inverter produces what type of

output?
A. an ac output with opposite phase to the input ac
B. a dc output that is the negative of the dc input voltage
C. an output that is a higher voltage than the input voltage
D. an ac output from a dc input voltage
32
23. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is called
A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

B. a shunt voltage regulator.
C. a step-up switching regulator.
D. a step-down switching regulator.
24. What is the purpose of an additional RC filter section in a power supply circuit?
A. Increase the dc voltage component
B. Increase the ac voltage component
C. Decrease the ac voltage component
D. None of the above
25. In which period is the capacitor filter charged in a full-wave rectifier?
A. The time during the positive cycle
B. The time during which the diodes are not conducting
C. The time during which the diode(s) is (are) conducting
D. The time during the negative cycle
26. In this improved series regulator circuit, which of the following components is the
sampling circuit?
A. Zener diode
B. Load resistor
C. Either of the two transistors Q1 or Q2
D. Resistors R1 and R2
27. In which of the following applications is a pulsating dc voltage suitable?
A. Battery charger
B. Radio
C. Stereo system
D. Computer
33
28. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as
A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

B. a shunt voltage regulator.
C. a step-up switching regulator.
D. a step-down switching regulator.
29. In a series regulator, what is the purpose of fold-back limiting?
A. to provide more current in the case of a short circuit
B. to limit output voltage if input voltage goes too high
C. to bypass the pass-transistor, if the pass-transistor should fail
D. to provide current up to a maximum, but drop current to a lower value when the
output becomes shorted, to prevent overheating of the device
30. In a simple series regulator circuit, which of the following components is the
controlling element?
A. Load resistor
B. Zener diode
C. Transistor Q1
D. None of the above
31. In an improved shunt regulator, which of the following components sets the reference
voltage?
A. Transistor Q1
B. Zener diode
C. Transistor Q2
D. RS
32. What is IC 723?
a) A voltage regulator
b) A full-wave rectifier
c) A half-wave rectifier
d) A clipper
33. Consider the circuit shown below where the breakdown voltage of the diode is 5V.
Source voltage varies between 6V to 12V.
Find the maximum current through the R2, given that R1=2kΩ and R2=5kΩ.
a) 3.5 mA
b) 1 mA
c) 1.4mA
d) 0.2 mA
34
34. What is line regulation?

a) The process of keeping Zener diode voltage constant inspite of changes in AC
supply
b) The process of keeping load voltage constant irrespective of the fluctuation in AC
supply or the line voltage
c) The process of keeping load voltage constant irrespective of fluctuation in load
current
d) The process of keeping Zener current constant irrespective of fluctuation in AC
supply
35. What is load regulation?
a) The process of keeping the load voltage constant irrespective of any change in AC
supply
b) The process of keeping the load voltage constant irrespective of variations in load
current
c) The process of keeping load voltage constant irrespective of variations in source
current
d) The process of keeping load current constant irrespective of variations in AC
supply
36. Find the power rating of the diode in the given circuit. The breakdown voltage of the
diode is 5V.
a) 200 mW
b) 125 mW
c) 250 mW
d) 300 mW
37. The following circuit is provided.
Given that V1 varies from 20V to 50V, the diode breakdown voltage is 5V, the knee
current is 1mA and the current is 9 mA across R1, find the maximum value of R2.
a) 4500Ω
b) 1500Ω
c) 2000Ω
d) 5000Ω
35
38. In the figure below, the voltage V1 ranges from 15 to 35V. The load current is
20mA. The diode knee current is 2 mA, the breakdown voltage is 5V and power
rating is 200 mW.
Calculate the range of R2 for the circuit to behave properly as a regulator.

a) 400Ω =< R2 =< 500Ω
b) 450Ω =< R2 =< 500Ω
c) 454Ω =< R2 =< 500Ω
d) 454Ω =< R2 =< 600Ω
39. Which of these is a not drawback of Zener diode shunt regulator?
a) The output voltage is fixed
b) The output voltage can vary with temperature
c) Variation in load current needs to be minimal
d) It is difficult to design
40. SMPS is used for
a) obtaining controlled ac power supply
b) obtaining controlled dc power supply
c) storage of dc power
d) switch from one source to another
41. SPMS are based on the ________ principle.
a) Phase control
b) Integral control
c) Chopper
d) MOSFET
42. Choose the incorrect statement.
a) SMPS is less sensitive to input voltage variations
b) SMPS is smaller as compared to rectifiers
c) SMPS has low input ripple
d) SMPS is a source of radio interference
43. _________ is used for critical loads where temporary power failure can cause a great
deal of inconvenience.
a) SMPS
b) UPS
c) MPS
d) RCCB
44. __________ is used in the rotating type UPS system to supply the mains.
a) DC motor
b) Self excited DC generator
c) Alternator
d) Battery bank
36
45. Static UPS requires __________

a) only rectifier
b) only inverter
c) both inverter and rectifier
d) none of the mentioned
46. No discontinuity is observed in case of

a) short break static UPS configuration
b) long break static UPS configuration
c) no break static UPS configuration
d) rotating type UPS configuration
47. Usually __________ batteries are used in the UPS systems.
a) NC
b) Li-On
c) Lead acid
48. The negative polarity is used in the monopolar link because it
a) uses less conductor size
b) is safer
c) produces less radio interference
d) has less resistance
49. Which of the following have distorted sinewave?
a) Function generator
b) Biphasic oscillator
c) RC phase shit oscillator
d) Wein bridge oscillator
50. Usually circuit producing sine waves are called as
a) Oscillators
b) Generators
c) Multivibrators
37

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) Unit: 1 Part-A: 15 Questions (Each 1 Mark)

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) Unit: 1 Part-A: 15 Questions (Each 1 Mark)

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EE8451 Linear Integrated Circuits and Applications Dept of EEE/EIE/ICE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)

9 Pick out the incorrect statement

15 Electroplating technique is suitable for

17 ……………. cannot be fabricated on an IC

18 The active components in an IC are ………….

19 The SiO2 layer in an IC acts as ………….

20 The active components in an IC are ………….

1. Epitaxial Collector region i. 200Ω/square

2. p-type base region ii. 1 to 10kΩ/square

3. n-type emitter region iii. 5Ω/square

42. Optical masking is used:

UNIT II CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAMP

1 Determine the output from the following circuit

a) 180o in phase with input signal

4 What makes the output voltage equals to zero in practical op-amp?

23 Internal noise generation can be reduced by keeping

37 Calculate the gain limiting frequency for the circuit

50 In the common mode-----------

Unit III Applications of Opamp

1. Which of the following functions does the antilog

i. Input 1- Positive, Input 2- Either positive or

2. Two quadrant multiplier ii. Input 1- Positive, Input 2 – Positive

iii. Input 1- Either positive or negative, Input

a) 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii

a) Vx > 10v ; Vy > 10v

13 Which circuit can be used to take square root of a signal?

20. Name the filter that has two stop bands?

30. Determine the frequency of oscillation (fo) in phase shift oscillator?

a) (VR/R )× (do/2 +d1/22 + ……dn/2n)

46. Which of among the following circuit is considered to be linear?

UNITIV SPECIAL ICs

1. Determine the time period of a monostable 555 multivibrator.

2. Find monostable vibrator circuit using 555 timer.

6. A 555 timer in monostable application mode can be used for

7. How can a monostable multivibrator be modified into a linear ramp generator?

8. Determine time period of linear ramp generator using the specifications

a) Frequency modulated wave form

10. Free running frequency of Astable multivibrator?

11. Find the charging and discharging time of 0.5µF capacitor.

a) Charging time=2ms; Discharging time=5ms

a) Frequency=63.7kHz; Duty cycle=50%

15. How to obtain symmetrical waveform in Astable multivibrator?

19. When a capacitor charges:

UNIT V APPLICATION ICs

3. To get a maximum output current, IC regulation are provided with

a) IO =111mA, IC= 808mA

15. The 7812 regulator IC provides ________.

17. Switching regulator efficiencies can be greater than ________ percent.

22. A switching regulator that is configured as a voltage-inverter produces what type of

23. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is called

A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

28. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as

A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

34. What is line regulation?

Calculate the range of R2 for the circuit to behave properly as a regulator.

45. Static UPS requires __________

46. No discontinuity is observed in case of

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