1 Explain the acronym LASER.

(a) Light amplification by spontaneous emission of radiation

(b) Light amplitude sequential emission of radiation
(c) Light amplitude by stimulated emission of radiation
(d) Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

2 Once the active medium is excited, the first photons of light are produced by which physical
process?
(a) spontaneous emission
(b) synchrotron radiation
(c) blackbody radiation
(d) Planck's oscillation

3 After the first photons of light are produced, which process is responsible for amplification of
the light?
(a) blackbody radiation
(b) Einstein oscillation
(c) Planck's radiation
(d) stimulated emission

4 What is the role of nitrogen in a Carbon dioxide laser?

(a) to populate Carbon dioxide molecule
(b) to depopulate Carbon dioxide molecule
(c) act as an coolant
(d) All the above

5 What is the role of Helium atoms in Carbon dioxide lasers?

(a) to populate carbon dioxide molecule

(b) to depopulate carbon dioxide molecule
(c) act as a coolant
(d) All the above

6 The output of the Carbon dioxide laser is

(a) Pulsed
(b) Continuous
(c) Pulsed or Continuous
(d) none of the above

7 The output power of the Carbon dioxide laser can be increased by

(a) increasing the diameter of the tube

(b) increasing the pressure inside the tube
(c) by increasing both the length of the tube or pressure inside the tube
(d) cannot be increased
 8 The applications of Carbon dioxide lasers are
(a) Industry
(b) Remote sensing
(c) Medical
(d) All the above

9 Which of the following pumping methods is used in semiconductor diode lasers?

(a) Optical pumping
(b) Direct conversion
(c) Inelastic atom-atom collision
(d) Chemical reaction

10 Which one of the following lasers belongs to a heterojunction semiconductor laser?

(a) GaAs Laser
(b) InP Laser
(c) GaAs - GaAlAs Laser
(d) GaAlAs Laser

11 The bandgap energy of the semiconductor depends on

(a) frequency of light
(b) wavelength of light
(c) Planck's constant
(d) both frequency and wavelength

12 Which type of semiconductor diode laser is more efficient?

(a) Heterojunction semiconductor laser
(b) Homojunction semiconductor laser
(c) Ruby laser
(d) Nd:YAG Laser

13 Semiconductor diode lasers can be used in

(a) fiber optic communication
(b) laser printers
(c) CD reading and writing
(d) all the above

14 In Stimulated Absorption, what is the lifetime of atoms ground state?

(a) 1 second
(b) 1 minute
(c) 1 hour
(d) Infinity

15 Which of the following is not a characteristic of LASERS?

(a) Monochromatic
(b) Coherent
(c) Divergent
(d) Intense
16 The output of a laser has pulse duration of 30 ms and average output power of 1 W per
pulse. How much energy is released per pulse if wavelength is 6600 Å
(a) 0.001 J
(b) 0.002 J
(c) 0.003 J
(d) 0.004 J

17 Laser light from a 2mW source of aperture diameter 1.5 cm and wavelength 5000 Å is
focused by a lens of focal length 20 cm. The intensity of the image is __________
(a) 1.57 X 106 Wm-2
(b) 2.57 X 106 Wm-2
(c) 3.57 X 106 Wm-2
(d) 4.57 X 106 Wm-2

18 Where is Nd: YAG most commonly used?

(a) Cosmetic Surgery
(b) Welding
(c) Photography
(d) Optical Communications

19 The information carrying capacity of laser is enormous due its large _________
(a) Coherence
(b) Bandwidth
(c) Directionality
(d) Intensity

20 Which characteristic of LASER allows it to be used in holography?

(a) Coherency
(b) Directionality
(c) Intensity
(d) Monochromaticity

21 What is the region enclosed by the optical cavity called?

(a) Optical Region
(b) Optical System
(c) Optical box
(d) Optical Resonator

22 Why are lasers used in laser printers?

(a) They can be focused to a small spot for high resolution
(b) They are cheap
(c) They are impossible to damage
(d) They are durable for a long time.

23 Why are lasers used in fiber optic communication systems?

(a) The government has mandated it.
(b) They can be pulsed with high speed data
(c) They are very inexpensive.
(d) They communicate signals correctly and reliably.
24 Why are lasers used for cutting materials?
(a) It never gets dull
(b) It has a small heat affected zone
(c) Accuracy
(d) All of the above

25 Which scientist came up with the idea of stimulated emission?

(a) Alexander Graham Bell
(b) Sir Isaac Newton
(c) Arthur Schalow
(d) Albert Einstein

26 Which laser is considered safe for the eyes?

(a) Laser bar-code scanners
(b) Excimer lasers
(c) Communication lasers
(d) Gas lasers

27 Which of the following is a unique property of laser

(a) Directional
(b) Speed
(c) Coherence
(d) Wavelength

28 Which of the following is an example of optical pumping?

(a) Ruby laser
(b) Helium-Neon laser
(c) Semiconductor laser
(d) Dye laser

29 Calculate the wavelength of radiation emitted by an LED made up of a semiconducting

material with band gap energy 2.8eV.
(a) 2.8 Å
(b) 4.3308 Å
(c) 5548.4 Å
(d) 4430.8 Å

30 Calculate the number of photons, from green light of mercury (ʎ = 4961 Å), required to
do one joule of work.
(a) 4524.2×1018/m3
(b) 2.4961×1018/m3
(c) 2.4961/m3
(d) 2.4961/m

31 What is the principle of fibre optical communication?

(a) Reflection
(b) Total refraction
(c) Total internal reflection
(d) Population inversion
32 Which of the following is described by the concept of numerical aperture in an optical fibre?
(a) Light scattering
(b) Light collection
(c) Light dispersion
(d) Light polarization

33 Which part provides additional strength and prevents fiber from any damage?
(a) cladding
(b) core
(c) Buffer coating
(d) All the above

34 A thin strand of dielectric material is called _____________

(a) wire
(b) thread
(c) fiber
(d) filament

35 _____________is the light carrying member of an optical fiber.

(a) core
(b) cladding
(c) Sheath
(d) buffer

36 Whena ray of light passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it will_____________
(a) Reflect away
(b) Bend away from normal
(c) Bend towards the normal
(d) None of the above

37 For _____________, the angle of refraction is 90°

(a) Incident angle
(b) Critical angle
(c) Refracted angle
(d) Reflected angle

38 Refractive indices of core n1 and cladding n2 of an optical fiber should be of_____________

(a) n1=n2
(b) n1<n2
(c) n1>n2

39 In an optical fiber, the core material has RI of 1.43 and cladding has 1.4, the critical angle is
_____________degrees
(a) 1.560
(b) 78.24
(c) 77.50
(d) 2.698

40 Numerical aperture is _____________

(a) Sine of acceptance angle
(b) Sine of critical angle
(c) Cosine of acceptance angle
41 Optical fiber waveguides are made from_____________
(a) Ge
(b) Si
(c) GaAs
(d) SiO2

42 A device which converts electrical energy in the form of a current into optical energy is called as
___________
(a) Optical source
(b) Optical coupler
(c) Optical isolator
(d) Circulator

43 Which process gives the laser its special properties as an optical source?
(a) Dispersion
(b) Stimulated absorption
(c) Spontaneous emission
(d) Stimulated emission

44 How many propagation modes are present in single mode fibers?

(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four

45 Rayleigh scattering is a type of _____________

(a) Linear scattering losses
(b) Non-linear scattering losses
(c) Fiber bends losses
(d) Splicing losses

46 ____________ converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal.

(a) Detector
(b) Attenuator
(c) Laser
(d) LED

47 Which among the following is/are responsible for generating attenuation of an optical power in
fiber?
(a) Absorption
(b) Scattering
(c) Waveguide effect
(d) All the above

48 Cable attenuation is usually expressed in terms of ____________

(a) Loss per foot
(b) dB/km
(c) Intensity per mile
(d) Voltage drop per inch
49 The maximum angle in which external light rays may strike the air/glass interface and still
propagate down the fiber.
(a) Acceptance cone half-angle
(b) Acceptance cone
(c) Critical angle
(d) Angle of incidence

50 The major benefit of optical communication is

(a) Lower cost
(b) Better security
(c) Wider bandwidth
(d) None of the above

51 Most fiber-optic light sources emit light in which spectrum?

(a) Visible
(b) IR
(c) UV
(d) XRAY

52 It refers to the abrupt of change in refractive index from core to clad

(a) Step index
(b) Graded index
(c) Semi graded index
(d) Half step index

53 Which is not a possible cause of optical fiber loss?

(a) Impurities
(b) Glass attenuation
(c) Stepped index operation
(d) Micro bending

54 The ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in another substance is called the
(a) Speed factor
(b) Index of reflection
(c) Dielectric constant
(d) Index of refraction

55 Which of the following is not correct for fibre optic sensors?

(a) Immune to electromagnetic interference
(b) Immune to radiation hazard
(c) Can be used in harsh environments
(d) None of the mentioned

56 Optical fibers for communication use are mostly fabricated from ___________
(a) Plastic
(b) Silica or multicomponent glass
(c) Ceramics
(d) Copper
57 What is the principle of fibre optical communication?
(a) Frequency modulation
(b) Population inversion
(c) Total internal reflection
(d) Doppler Effect

58 Optical fibers are classified based on

(a) Material
(b) No of modes
(c) refractive index profile
(d) All the above

59 Core diameter of single mode fiber is

(a) small
(b) in the order of few times of wavelength of light
(c) is large
(d) None of the above

60 The variation Refractive index with respect to the radial distances is from the axis of the fiber is
called
(a) Refractive index path
(b) Refractive index distance
(c) None
(d) Graded index fiber

61 Graded index fiber has the property of

(a) Small numerical aperture
(b) Intermediate band width
(c) Low attenuation
(d) All the above

62 Multi mode fiber cannot be used for following application

(a) For short distance
(b) Long distance communication
(c) Medium distance
(d) b and c

63 Fiber optics was invented by

(a) Thomas Mensah
(b) Thomas Edison
(c) John Henry Holmes
(d) None of the above

64 Fiber optic cable operate at frequencies near

(a) 2 GHz
(b) 20 MHz
(c) 200 MHz
(d) 800 THz
65 Microbending losses are depending on _____________________
(a) Diameter
(b) Core material
(c) Refractive Index
(d) Mode and Wavelength

66 What is the other name for a maximum external incident angle?

(a) Optical angle
(b) Total internal reflection angle
(c) Refraction angle
(d) Waveguide acceptance angle

67 Which is the most beneficial index profile in single mode fibers?

(a) Step Index
(b) Coaxial cable
(c) Graded Index
(d) Step and Graded index

Part B
1 _____________and _____________determine the numerical aperture of the optical fiber
(a) Critical angle and incident angle
(b) Acceptance angle and critical angle
(c) Critical angle and fractional index
(d) Acceptance angle and fractional index change

2. Light ray paths along which the waves are _____________inside the fiber are known as _____________.
(a) Out of phase, modes
(b) Coherent, axial ray
(c) In phase, modes
(d) Lagging phase, modes

3. The fractional index change of the fiber if the RI of core and cladding are 1.563 and 1.498
is_____________
(a) 0.415
(b) 0.049
(c) 0.0415
(d) 0.046

4. Multimode step index fiber has ___________&_____________

(a) Large core diameter & large numerical aperture
(b) Large core diameter and small numerical aperture
(c) Small core diameter and large numerical aperture
(d) Small core diameter & small numerical aperture

5 The decibel loss per km of optical fiber is calculated using _____________

(a) 10log(Pout/Pin)
(b) (10/L )log(Pout/Pin)
(c) (10/L)Log(Pin/Pout)
(d) 10log(Pout/Pin)
 6 Cladding is a must in an optical waveguide_____________
(a) To protect the core of the fiber
(b) To provide proper guidance of light
(c) To avoid electromagnetic interference
(d) To provide proper refractive index

7 The bandwidth of optical fiber ____________

(a) 900MHz
(b) 900PHz
(c) 900THz
(d) 900GHz

8 The loss in signal power as light travels down a fiber is called_____________

(a) Attenuation
(b) dispersion
(c) scattering
(d) absorption

9 What is the specific path that the light takes in an optical fiber corresponding to a certain angle
and number of reflections?
(a) Grade
(b) mode
(c) Numerical aperture
(d) dispersion

10 Which of the following is used as an optical transmitter on the fiber optical communications?
(a) PIN DIODE
(b) APD
(c) TUNNEL DIODE
(d) LED

11 Which of the following is used as an optical receiver on the fiber optical communications?
(a) APD
(b) LED
(c) TUNNEL DIODE
(d) NONE OF THESE

12 The numerical aperture of an optical fiber if the angle of acceptance is 15 degrees is ___________
(a) 0.17
(b) 0.26
(c) 0.36
(d) 0.96

13 Which of the following is not a common type of optical fiber?

(a) Single mode graded index
(b) Multimode graded index
(c) Single mode step index
(d) Multimode step index
14 Both LEDs and ILDs operate correctly with ___________
(a) Forward bias
(b) Reverse bias
(c) Neither A or B
(d) Either A or B

15 Optical fibers are not immune to ________

(a) electronic disturbances
(b) magnetic disturbances
(c) ambient light interference
(d) electromagnetic disturbances

16 In which of the following optic fiber sensors the fiber is simply used to carry light to and from an
external optical device where the sensing takes place?
(a) extrinsic fiber optic sensor
(b) energized fiber optic sensor
(c) all fibers are used to simply carry light to and from the external optical devices
(d) intrinsic fiber optic sensor

17 Optical fibers are electrically

(a) Active
(b) passive
(c) Both a and b
(d) Neither active nor passive

18 Fiber optic sensor can be used to sense

(a) Displacement
(b) Power
(c) current
(d) resistance

19 A signal of 100mW is injected into a fibre. The outcoming signal from the other end is 40mW.
What is the loss in dB?
(a) 2.78
(b) 2.98
(c) 3.98
(d) 3.67

20 Optical power of 1mW is launched into an optical fiber of length 100m. If the power emerging
from the other end is 0.3mW, calculate the fiber attenuation.
(a) 0.5229dB/km
(b) 0.9229dB/km
(c) 0.0529dB/km
(d) 0.5009dB/km

21 Find the refractive indices of core and cladding materials of an optical fiber if its numerical
aperture is 0.22 and relative refractive index differences is 0.012.
(a) 1.520 and 1.403
(b) 1.420 and 1.325
(c) 1.470 and 1.370
(d) 1.420 and 1.403
22 Calculate the NA and acceptance angle of a fiber with a core index of 1.54 and a cladding index
of 1.50 when the fibre is inside the water of refractive index 1.33.
(a) 0.15 and 15.18 degrees
(b) 0.26 and 15.18degrees
(c) 0.15 and 26degrees
(d) 0.76 and 15.18 degrees

23 When optical fibers are to be installed in a working environment, the most important parameter
to be considered is?
(a) Transmission property of the fiber
(b) Mechanical property of the fiber
(c) Core cladding ratio of the fiber
(d) Numerical aperture of the fiber

24 Optical fibers for communication use are mostly fabricated from ___________
(a) Plastic
(b) Ceramics
(c) Copper
(d) Silica or multicomponent glass

25 Which of the following detectors is fabricated from semiconductor alloys?

(a) Photoconductive detector
(b) p-i-n detector
(c) Photodiodes
(d) Photoemission detectors