LASERS AND FIBER OPTICS

1) The emission of photon without being aided by any external agency is called

A) light amplification B) induced absorption C) stimulated emission D) Spontaneous emission

2) The life time of an atom in a metastable state is of the order of

A) a few seconds B) unlimited time C) a nanosecond D) few milliseconds

𝐴
3) The relation between Einstein’s coefficients A21 and B21 is, 𝐵21 =
21

8 𝜋 ℎ 𝜈3 8 𝜋 ℎ 𝜇3 8 𝜋 ℎ 𝜈 3 𝜇3 8 𝜋 𝜈 3 𝜇3
A) B) C) D)
𝑐3 𝑐3 𝑐3 𝑐3

4) In He-Ne laser, the ratio of He to Ne gas molecules is of the order of

A) 1 : 10 B) 1 : 1 C) 10 : 1 D) 100 : 1

5) Pumping technique used in He-Ne gas laser is

A) forward bias B) optical pumping C) electric discharge D) none of these

6) Important characteristic of laser beam is

A) interference B) diffraction C) dispersion D) coherence

7) The population of the various energy levels of a system in thermal equilibrium is given by

A) Boltzmann distribution law B) Einstein relations C) Planck’s law D) Beer’s law

8) The color of the laser output from a Ruby laser is

A) green B) blue C) red D) violet

9) Example for creation of population inversion by optical pumping is

A) He-Ne laser B) Diode laser C) Ruby laser D) CO2 laser

10) He-Ne gas laser is

A) pulsed laser B) semiconductor laser C) solid state laser D) continuous laser

11) The unit of Planck’s constant is

A) second B) watt C) joule-second D) metre-second

12) The active medium in Ruby laser consists of particles of

A) Al3+ B) Cr3+ C) Fe3+ D) none

13) Propagation of light through optical fibre core is due to

A) diffraction B) interference C) total internal reflection D) refraction

14) In an optical fiber if n1 is the refractive index of core and n2 the refractive index of cladding,
then
𝑛1 −𝑛2 𝑛1 −𝑛2 𝑛1 −𝑛2 𝑛1 −𝑛2
A) 𝑛1
<1 B) 𝑛1
>1 C) 𝑛1
=0 D) 𝑛1
=∞

15) In the case of an optical fiber, the acceptance angle is equal to

A) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (√𝑛12 − 𝑛22 ) B) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑛12 − 𝑛22 ) C) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑛1 − 𝑛2 ) D) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (√𝑛12 − 𝑛22 )

16) The total internal reflection takes place when a light ray travels from

A) denser to rarer medium B) rarer to denser medium C) denser to denser medium D) none

17) The expression for numerical aperture in terms of fractional refractive index change is
𝑛1
A) 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑛1 √2∆ B) 𝑁𝐴 = √2∆𝑛1 C) 𝑁𝐴 = D) none
√2∆

18) The variation of refractive index of the core in graded index fiber is

A) linear B) a parabola C) constant D) none

19) Holography technique is employed to produce

A) Gratings B) Lasers C) Stimulated emission D) Three dimensional photographs
20) Energy ‘E’ of a photon having wavelength “λ” is
ℎ𝑐 𝑐 ℎ𝜆
A) 𝜆
B) ℎ 𝑐 𝜆 C) 𝜆 D) 𝑐

21) One of them which is not part of optical fiber is

A) Core B) Cladding C) Sheath D)Resonator
22) In step index fiber, the refractive index of the core is
A) Constant B) Random C) Parabolic D) None
23) The He-Ne laser is a
A) Two level laser B)Three level laser C) Four level laser D) None
24) If the angle of incidence of a ray is equal to the critical angle at the interface of core and
cladding then the rays travel
A) in the cladding B) along the interface C) in the core D) none
25) The transmission of signal through the optical fiber is of the form of
A) sound B) light C) electricity D) heat
26) Measurement of variation of divergence of laser beam with distance is used to determine
A) Coherence B) Monochromaticity C) Brightness D) Directionality
27) Which of the following conditions is very essential for the production of laser light
A) Spontaneous emission B)Stimulated emission C) population inversion D) all of above
28) Which of the following is not a pumping process ?
A) Optical pumping B) Electrical pumping C) Chemical pumping D) Thermal pumping
29) Which of the following scheme does not produce lasing action ?
A) two level scheme B) three level scheme C) four level scheme D) five level scheme
30) Which part is not included in the fibre optic communication system ?
A) transmitter B) transformer C) receiver D) none
31) Optical fibers are basically
A) insulators B) conductors C) semiconductors D) superconductors
32) The monochromatic light is
A) laser B) sun light C) mercury lamp D) none
33) The excited state which has long life time is known as
A) excited state B) ground state C) metastable state D) none
34) In stimulated emission process, the emitted photons will be
A) random in direction B) in the direction of incident photon
C) in the opposite direction of incident photon D) none
35) The process of raising the atoms from lower energy state to higher energy state is called
A) population inversion B) pumping C) stimulated emission D) none
36) If 𝐴21 is the Einstein coefficient for spontaneous emission then the spontaneous emission
life time is
A) 𝐴21 B) 1⁄ C) 1⁄ 2 D) 1⁄𝐴
√𝐴21 𝐴21 21

37) If N1 and N2 be the number of atoms in the lower and higher energy states respectively, the
condition for population inversion is
A) 𝑁1 ≤ 𝑁2 B) 𝑁1 = 𝑁2 C) 𝑁2 ≫ 𝑁1 D) 𝑁1 ≥ 𝑁2
38) The graded index fibres are of
A) reflective type B) diffractive type C) refractive type D) none
39) Angle of acceptance is maximum for a fibre if the critical angle is
A) maximum B) minimum C) zero D) infinity
40) In graded index fibre, the refractive index is maximum at the
A) core-cladding interface B) cladding C) axis of the fibre D) none
ANSWERS

1) D 2) D 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) D 7) A 8) C 9) C 10) D 11) C 12) B 13) C

14) A 15) A 16) A 17) A 18) B 19) D 20) A 21) D 22) A 23) C 24) B 25) B 26) D

27) D 28) D 29) A 30) B 31) A 32) A 33) C 34) B 35) B 36) D 37) C 38)C 39) B

40) C

INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION

1) Wave nature of light is evidenced by

A) photoelectric effect B) interference C) black body radiation D) none

2) When a soap bubble is illuminated with white light, multiple colors appear. This is due to

A) diffraction B) polarization C) total internal reflection D) interference

3) Two light sources are said to be coherent waves if their light waves have

A) same frequency B) constant phase difference C) same wavelength D) all the above

4) Newton’s rings experiment is an example for

A) division of amplitude B) division of wavefront C) both A and B D) none

5) In Newton’s rings experiment, the condition for dark fringes in case of reflected light is

𝜆
A) 2 𝑡 = 𝑛𝜆 B) 2 𝑡 = (2𝑛 − 1) 2 C) 2 𝑡 = (2𝑛 − 1)𝜆 D) none

6) The penetration of waves into the regions of the geometrical shadow is

A) interference B) diffraction C) polarization D) dispersion

7) In Fraunhofer diffraction, the wavefront undergoing diffraction has to be

A) spherical B) cylindrical C) elliptical D) plane

8) A diffraction grating has

A) large number of equidistant slits B) large number of random distant slits

C) only one slit D) none

9) In diffraction grating, the condition for principal maxima is

A) (𝑎 + 𝑑) sin 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 B) 𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 C) sin 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 D) 𝑎 sin 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆

10) Resolving power of grating is (N is the total number of lines on the grating)

A) directly proportional to N B) inversely proportional to N C) independent of N D) none

11) The expression for resolving power of a grating is

𝑛
A) 𝑁 B) 𝑛 𝑁 C) 𝑛2 𝑁 D) none

12) The ability of an instrument to separate the two distant point objects very close to each other
is called as its

A) resolving power B) dispersive power C) magnifying power D) interference

13) The expression for resolving power of a telescope is

𝜆 𝑑 𝑑 1.22 𝜆
A) B) C) D)
1.22 𝑑 1.22 𝜆 1.22 𝑑𝜆 𝑑

14) The resolving power of the microscope becomes higher when

A) limit of resolution is large B) limit of resolution is small C) limit of resolution is 0 D) none

15) The wave front gives

A) Surface of the wave B) Locus of all the points having the same displacement
C) Locus of all the points having the same phase D) geometry of the wave
16) If 1000 is the resolving power of a grating in its first order, its resolving power in second
order is given by
A) 500 B) 1000 C) 2000 D) None of these
17) The expression for fringe width of wedge shaped film 𝛽 is
𝜆 2𝜆 𝜆
A) 𝛽 = 𝜃
B) 𝛽 = 𝜃
C) 𝛽 = 𝜆 2𝜃 D) 𝛽 = 2𝜃
18) In Newton’s rings experiment, the diameter of dark ring is proportional to (n = natural
number)
A) √𝑛 B) 𝑛 C) √(2 𝑛 − 1) D) none
19) The class of diffraction in which lenses are required is
A) Fresnel B) Fraunhofer C) both A and B D) none
20) The expression for intensity of light in Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit is
sin 𝛼 2 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛽 2
A) 𝐼𝜃 = 𝐼𝑚 [ 𝛼
] B) 𝐼𝜃 = 𝐼𝑚 [ 𝛽
] C) 𝐼𝜃 = 𝐼𝑚 [ 𝛽
] D) none

21) Maximum number of orders possible with a grating is

A) directly proportional to wavelength B) directly proportional to grating element
C) independent of grating element D) inversely proportional to grating element
22) A grating has 5 cm of surface, ruled with 6000 lines/cm. What is the resolving power of
grating in the first order ?
A) 1200 B) 12000 C) 30000 D) 3000

23) Wave theory was postulated by

A) Newton B) Huygens C) Focault D) Maxwell

24) The wave front gives

A) Surface of the wave B) Locus of all the points having the same displacement
C) Locus of all the points having the same phase D) geometry of the wave
25) The intensity of the light wave is given by
A) its electric vector B) the square of its electric vector
C) the magnetic vector D) the Poynting vector

26) Phase change occurs

A) When light wave progresses from one medium to other
B) When it undergoes reflection in a rarer medium against denser medium
C) When it undergoes reflection in a denser medium against a denser medium
D) When a wave encounters another wave.

27) The width of the single slit is halved in Fraunhofer diffraction. The first minimum
A) moves away from the center of the screen B) moves towards the centre of the screen.
C) moves to the center of the screen D) remains as the same position.
28) Diffraction was discovered by
A) Newton B) Huygens C) Grimaldi D) Fresnel

29) Which of the following is conserved when light waves interfere ?

A) Intensity B) Energy C) Amplitude D) None
30) What is the ratio of phase difference to the path difference between two light waves
A) 2 𝜋 𝜆 B) 2 𝜋 ⁄𝜆 C) 𝜆 ⁄2 𝜋 D) 1⁄2 𝜋 𝜆
31) To observe interference in thin films with light of wavelength 𝜆, the thickness of the film t
A) 𝑡 ≈ 100 𝜆 B) 𝑡 ≈ 1000 𝜆 C) 𝑡 ≈ 𝜆 D) no relation

32) Two waves having the intensities in the ratio of 9 : 1 produce interference. The ratio of
maximum to minimum intensity is equal to
A) 10 : 8 B) 9 : 1 C) 4 : 1 D) 2 : 1
33) During the interference of light, energy is
A) created at maxima B) destroyed at minima C) not conserved D) redistributed
34) A thin film is observed in white light. The color of the film seen at a particular point depends
upon the
A) width of source B) distance of source C) location of observer D) none of the above
35) Which of the following is essential for observing diffraction
A) a narrow slit B) two coherent sources C) a screen D) white light
36) Diffraction pattern cannot be observed with
A) two narrow slits B) large number of narrow slits C) one narrow slit D) one wide slit
37) Which property of light is confirmed by diffraction ?
A) wave nature B) transverse wave nature C) longitudinal wave nature D) quantum nature
38) For Fraunhofer diffraction, the first diffraction minima due to a single slit diffraction is at 𝜃 =
300 for a light of 5000 A0 wavelength. The width of the slit is
A) 5 × 10−5 𝑐𝑚 B) 10 × 10−5 𝑐𝑚 C) 2.5 × 10−5 𝑐𝑚 D) 1.255 × 10−5 𝑐𝑚
39) Blue light has been used to obtain the diffraction pattern of a narrow slit on a screen.
Keeping the experimental set up unchanged, if blue light is replaced by red light, the diffraction
pattern will be
A) wider B) narrower C) unchanged D) disappear
40) When white light is incident on a diffraction grating, the light that will be deviated most from
the central image will be
A) yellow B) violet C) indigo D) red

ANSWERS

1) B 2) D 3) D 4) A 5) A 6) B 7) D 8) A 9) A 10) A 11) B 12) A 13) B

14) B 15) C 16) C 17) D 18) A 19) B 20) C 21) B 22) C 23) B 24) C 25) B 26) B

27) D 28) C 29) B 30) B 31) C 32) C 33) D 34) C 35) A 36) D 37) A 38) B 39) A

40) D

Ultrasonics

1) The frequency of ultrasonic waves is ------------- the audible range.

(A) above (B) below (C) equal to (D) may be above or below

2) The velocity of the ultrasonic waves is ---------- velocity of sound waves.

A) more than (B) less than (C) equal to (D) may be more or less than

3) The ultrasonic waves are produced by

(A) piezoelectric effect (B) magnetostriction effect (C) both A and B (D) none

4) The ultrasonic waves are detected by

(A) Kundt’s tube (B) Thermal detector (C) Piezoelectric detector (D) All the above

5) The property of ultrasonic wave is

(A) short wavelength (B) high frequency (C) highly energetic (D) all the above

6) The frequency of LC circuit in piezoelectric method is

1 1 1 2𝜋
(A) 𝑓 = 2 𝜋 (B) 𝑓 = (C) 𝑓 = 2 𝜋 𝐿𝐶 (D) 𝑓 =
√𝐿𝐶 √𝐿𝐶 √𝐿𝐶

7) The wave that can be used in the detection of hidden faults in solids is

(A) X – ray (B) ultrasonic (C) light (D) all the above
8) The number of transducers used in through transmission technique is

(A) one (B) two (C) three (D) four

9) The piezoelectric phenomenon is observed in a

(A) quartz crystal (B) NaCl crystal (C) nickel rod (D) iron rod

10) The device which converts one form of energy into another form of energy is

(A) transducer (B) amplifier (C) nicol (D) prism

11) Certain crystals when undergo mechanical stress, electric charges are induced along
certain crystal directions, this phenomenon is known as

(A) magnetostriction (B) piezoelectric effect (C) pyroelectric effect (D) none

1) A 2) C 3) C 4) D 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) B 9) A 10) A 11) B

Nanomaterials
1) One nanometer is equal to
A) 10−9 𝑐𝑚 B)10−9 𝑚 C)109 𝑐𝑚 D)109 𝑚
2) The interatomic spacing
A) Decreases with size B) Increases with size C) Does not vary with size D) None
3) The properties of nanomaterials depends on
A) Surface area to volume ratio B) Quantum confinement C) Both A and B D) None
4) When the bulk material are reduced to nanorange, the physical and chemical properties are
A) Same B) Different C) Infinite D) None
5) One of the processes of producing nanoparticles is
A) sol-gel method B) powder method C) ion implantation D) all the above
6) Carbon nanotubes are classified into
A) two types B) three types C) four types D) five types
7) The single walled carbon nanotubes are of
A) zig-zag B) armchair C) chairal D) all the above
8) The method which is not suitable for fabricating carbon nanotube is
A) laser ablation B) chemical vapour deposition C) arc discharge D) ball milling
9) Nanotechnology is an advanced technology of
A) integrated circuits B) microprocessors C) nanodevices D) transistors
10) The melting point of a nanomaterial
A) decrases with size B) increases with size C) does not vary with size D) none
11) The carbon nanotubes are made from
A) graphite sheet B) plastic C) rubber D) none
12) The following properties are more for nanomaterials
A) chemical reactivity B) electrical conductivity C) optical activity D) all the above
13) Aerogel is ----------- material
A) metallic B) non-metallic C) foam type of nanocrystalline D) dielectric

KEY
1) B 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) A 6) A 7) D 8) D 9) C 10) A 11) A 12) D
13) C

Dielectrics

1) The phenomena of induction of dipole movement in a dielectric is called

(A) Polarization (B) magnetization (C) electrification (D) none

2) The units for polarization

(A) coulomb/meter (B) coulomb/meter 2 (C) coulomb/meter3 (D) coulomb

3) The relation between polarization 𝑃 dielectric constant 𝜖𝑟 is

𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
(A) 𝜖𝑟 − 1 = 𝜖 (B) 𝜖𝑟 + 1 = 𝜖 (C) 𝜖𝑟 = 𝜖0 𝐸
(D) none
0𝐸 0𝐸

4) The Lorentz relation for local field is

𝑃 𝑃 3
(A) 𝐸 − 3 𝜖0 𝐸
(B) 𝐸 + 3 𝜖0
(C) 𝐸 + 𝑃 (D) 𝑃 + 𝜖0

5) Molecules which tend to orient themselves in an external field are called

(A) non-polar (B) polar (C) ionic (D) all the above
6) Polarization per unit applied electric field is called

(A) Electric susceptibility (B) magnetic susceptibility

(C) electric polarization (D) dielectric constant

𝜖𝑟 − 1 𝑁𝛼
7) 𝜖𝑟 +2
= 3 𝜖0
is called

(A) Lorentz relation (B) Clausius-Mosotti relation ( C) Einstein relation (D) Kepler’s relation

8) The relation between 𝐸, 𝐷 & 𝑃 is

(A) 𝐷 = 𝜖0 − 𝑃 (B) 𝐷 = 𝜖0 𝐸 + 𝑃 (C) 𝐷 = 𝜖0 + 𝑃 (D) 𝐷 = 𝜖0 − 𝐸𝑃

9) Dipolar polarizability is --------------------- absolute temperature

(A) independent of (B) proportional to (C) inversely proportional to (D) exponential to

10) If r is the radius of the atom, the electronic polarizability is given by

(A) 4 𝜋 𝜖0 𝑟 (B) 4 𝜋 𝜖0 𝑟 2 (C) 4 𝜋 𝜖0 𝑟 3 (D) 4 𝜋 𝑟

11) The units of dielectric constant are

(A) no units (B) Farad/ metre (C) Coulomb/metre (D) Newton/ metre

12) Dielectrics are -------------------- materials

(A) conducting (B) semiconducting (C) superconducting (D) insulating

13) The relation between 𝜖𝑟 and 𝜒 is

(A) 𝜒 = −(𝜖𝑟 + 1) (B) 𝜒 = (𝜖𝑟 + 1) (C) 𝜒 = (1 − 𝜖𝑟 ) (D) 𝜒 = (𝜖𝑟 − 1)

14) Polarization is

(A) dipole moment/volume (B) dipole moment/mass (C) dipole moment/area (D) none

15) The field due to polarization of charges on surface of the spherical cavity of a dielectric is

𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 𝜖0 3𝜖 𝜖0 3 𝜖𝑟
16) The expression for orientation polarizability is

𝜇2 𝜇 𝜇2 1
(A) 𝛼0 = (B) 𝛼0 = (C) 𝛼0 = (D) 𝛼0 =
3𝑘𝑇 3𝑘𝑇 𝑇 3𝑘𝑇

17) At low frequencies, the following contributes to total polarizability

(A) electronic (B) ionic (C) orientational (D) all the above

18) The product of charge and distance between two charges is known as

(A) dipole (B) dipole moment (C) dielectric constant (D) polarizability

19) The dielectric constant 𝜖𝑟 =

𝜖 𝜖0
(A) 𝜖 (B) 𝜖
(C) 𝜖 𝜖0 (D) 𝜖 − 𝜖0
0

20) The electronic polarization takes place in

(A) polar dielectrics (B) ionic dielectrics (C) all the dielectrics (D) none

Answers1) A 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) B 6) A 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) C 11) A 12) D

13) D 14) A 15) A 16) A 17) D 18) B 19) A 20) C

Magnetic Materials

1) Magnetic susceptibility equals

(A) dipole moment per unit volume (B) torque per unit area

(C) magnetization per unit magnetic field intensity (D) none of these

2) The magnetic susceptibility of a diamagnetic substance is

(A) negative (B) zero (C) positive and low value (D) positive and high value

3) The magnetic moment due to orbital motion of the electron

𝑒ℎ 𝑒ℎ 𝑒ℎ 𝑒
(A) 4 𝜋 𝑚 𝑙 (B) 4𝜋𝑚
(C) 4 𝜋 𝑚 𝑙 (D) 4 𝜋 𝑚
4) The magnetic moment due to spin motion of the electron

𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
(A) 𝜇𝑒 𝑠 = 𝛾𝑒 𝑠 𝑚
(B) 𝜇𝑒 𝑠 = 2𝑚
𝒮, (C) 𝜇𝑒 𝑠 = 𝛾𝑒 𝑠 2𝑚
𝒮 (D) none

5) The paramagnetic susceptibility varies as

(A) 𝑇 (B) 𝑇 2 (C) 1⁄𝑇 (D) 1⁄ 2

𝑇

6) Magnetic susceptibility has the units of

(A) Wb/m2 (B) Wb/m (C) amp/m (D) no units

7) One Bohr magneton is -------- amp m2.

(A) 2.27 × 10− 24 (B) 6.67 × 10− 34 (C) 9.27 × 10− 24 (D) 9.27 × 10−9

8) The susceptibility of paramagnetic substance

(A) positive & large (B) positive & small (C) negative & large (D) negative & small

9) Which of the following material does not have permanent magnetic dipoles

(A) paramagnetic (B) diamagnetic (C) ferromagnetic (D) anti-ferromagnetic

10) The spin magnetic moments of neighboring atoms of a antiferromagnetic substance are

(A) Parallel (B) anti parallel (C) random (D) perpendicular

11) Relation between 𝐵, 𝐻 & 𝐼 is

(A) 𝐵 = 𝜇0 (𝐻 − 𝐼) (B) 𝐵 = 𝜇0 (𝐻 + 𝐼) (C) 𝐵 = (𝐻 + 𝐼) (D) none

12) The paramagnetic susceptibility inversely proportional to absolute temperature

(A) Boltzmann law (B) Curie’s law (C) Weiss law (D) Faradays law

13) At Neel temperature, the magnetic susceptibility is

(A) infinity (B) zero (C) minimum (D) maximum

14) Example for antiferromagnetic substance

(A) MnO (B) NiO (C) CoO (D) all

15) The area enclosed by the hysteresis loop for hard magnetic materials is

(A) Higher than the soft magnetic materials (B) same as soft magnetic materials

(C) lower than soft magnetic materials (D) none

16) Example for hard magnetic materials

(A) Fe (B) Ni (C) Cobalt (D) Alnico alloy

17) The area enclosed within the hysteresis curve represents

(A) degree of magnetization (B) energy loss / unit volume / cycle

(C) number of domains per unit volume (D) magnetic flux linkage / area

18) Spin exchange interaction exists in ---------- material

(A) diamagnetil (B) paramagnetic (C) ferromagnetic (D) non-magnetic

19) Relative permeability is related to magnetic susceptibility by

(A) ) 𝜇𝑟 = 𝜒 (B) ) 𝜇𝑟 = 1 − 𝜒 (C) 𝜇𝑟 = 1 + 𝜒 (D) none

20) The materials which are easily magnetized and demagnetized are called --------- materials.

(A) soft magnetic (B) hard magnetic (C) paramagnetic (D) diamagnetic

Answers

1) C 2) A 3) A 4) C 5) C 6) D 7) C 8) B 9) B 10) B 11) B 12) B 13) D

14) D 15) A 16) D 17) B 18) C 19) C 20) A

Semiconductors

1) Which of the following elements is not a semiconductor

(A) Germanium (B) Copper (C) Silicon (D) Tin

2) In intrinsic semiconductor the Fermi level lies

(A) near the conduction band (B) near the valence band
(C) at the middle of the band gap (D) does not exist

3) In intrinsic semiconductor, the density of carriers strongly depends on

(A) temperature (B) effective mass of carriers (C) Band gap (D) All the above

4) As the temperature is increased, the conductivity in an intrinsic semiconductor

(A) decreases (B) increases (C) remains constant (D) none of the above

5) In pure intrinsic semiconductors the density of electrons and holes are

(A) equal (B) unequal (C) not related (D) inversely related

6) In intrinsic semiconductors, the charge carriers are

(A) only electrons (B) only holes (C) neither electrons nor holes (D) both electrons & holes

7) Which of the following is an example for intrinsic semiconductor

(A) pure silicon (B) n-type silicon (C) p-type silicon (D) none of the above

8) Semiconductors are widely used in the fabrication of

(A) transformers (B) transistors (C) permanent magnets (D) optical fibres

9) The chief material used in the fabrication of integrated circuit is

(A) insulator (B) conductor (C) semiconductor (D) none of the above

10) Elemental semiconductors Si and Ge are found in the periodic table in

(A) III group (B) IV group (C) V group (D) VI group

11) In n-type semiconductors the majority charge carriers are

(A) holes (B) electrons (C) donor ions (D) none of the above

12) In n-type semiconductors the minority charge carriers are

(A) electrons (B) donor ions (C) holes (D) none of the above

13) In p-type semiconductors the majority charge carriers are

(A) holes (B) electrons (C) accepter ions (D) none of the above

14) In p-type semiconductors the minority charge carriers are

(A) electrons (B) holes (C) accepter ions (D) none of the above

15) An n-type semiconductor is obtained by doping pure semiconductor with atoms of elements
of
(A) III group (B) V group (C) IV group (D) metals

16) A p-type semiconductor is obtained by doping pure semiconductor with atoms of elements
of

(A) III group (B) V group (C) IV group (D) insulators

17) In n-type semiconductor, the Fermi level lies

(A) near the conduction band (B) near the valence band

(C) at the middle of valence band and conduction band (D) none of the above

18) In p-type semiconductor, the Fermi level lies

(A) near the conduction band (B) near the valence band

(C) at the middle of valence band and conduction band (D) none of the above

19) At absolute temperature, any semiconductor behaves like

(A) perfect conductor (B) perfect insulator (C) partial conductor/insulator (D) none

20) In extrinsic semiconductors, the density of charge carriers depends on

(A) temperature (B) density of impurities (C) impurity energy levels (D) all the above

21) In semiconductors, the drift current density is due to

(A) applied electric field (B) temperature (C) concentration gradient of carriers (D) none

22) In semiconductors, the diffusion current is due to

(A) applied electric field (B) temperature (C) concentration gradient of carriers (D) none

23) The mobility 𝜇 and diffusion current D of charge carriers are related by

(A) 𝐷 𝛼 1⁄𝜇 (B) 𝐷 𝛼 𝜇 (C) 𝐷 = 𝜇 (D) not related

24) Example for a semiconductor possessing direct band gap is

(A) Si (B) Ge (C) Ga As (D) none of the above

25) Example for a semiconductor possessing indirect band gap is

(A) Si (B) Ge (C) Ga As (D) both A and B

26) In n-type semiconductors, the Hall coefficient 𝑅𝐻 is

(A) positive (B) negative (C) zero (D) none of the above
27) In p-type semiconductors, the Hall coefficient 𝑅𝐻 is

(A) positive (B) negative (C) zero (D) none of the above

1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) A 6) D 7) A 8) B 9) C 10) B 11) B 12) C

13) A 14) A 15) B 16) A 17) A 18) B 19) B 20) D 21) A 22) C 23) B 24) C

25) D 26) B 27) A