XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)

XSLT
 XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) is a styling language for XML.

 XSLT stands for XSL Transformations.
 XSLT is a language for transforming XML documents.
 EXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation commonly known as
XSLT is a way to transform the XML document into other formats such
as XHTML.
 XSLT, Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations, provides the
ability to transform XML data from one format to another
automatically.
 Automatic conversion of XML file to a HTML page
An XSLT stylesheet is used to define the transformation rules to be applied

on the target XML document. XSLT stylesheet is written in XML format. XSLT
Processor takes the XSLT stylesheet and applies the transformation rules on
the target XML document and then it generates a formatted document in the
form of XML, HTML, or text format. This formatted document is then utilized
by XSLT formatter to generate the actual output which is to be displayed to
the end-user.
Advantages
Here are the advantages of using XSLT −
 Independent of programming. Transformations are written in a
separate xsl file which is again an XML document.
 Output can be altered by simply modifying the transformations in xsl
file. No need to change any code. So Web designers can edit the
stylesheet and can see the change in the output quickly.
 HTML tags Used for formatting purpose. XSLT Processor will skip them
and browser will simply render them.
 <xsl:stylesheet> - xsl stylesheet declaration with xsl namespace:

Namespace tells the xlst processor about which element is to be
processed and which is used for output purpose only .
<xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0"
xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 <xsl:template> - template tells the xlst processor about the section of

xml document which is to be formatted. It takes an XPath expression.
In general, it is matching document root element and will tell processor
to process the entire document with this template.defines a way to
reuse templates in order to generate the desired output for nodes of a
particular type/context.
<xsl:template match = "/">
 <xsl:value-of> tag puts the value of the selected node as per expression
as text.
<xsl:value-of select = "firstname"/>
 <xsl:for-each> tag applies a template repeatedly for each node.
processing instruction looks for each element matching the XPath
expression
<xsl:for-each select = "class/student">
 <xsl:sort> tag specifies a sort criteria on the nodes.
<xsl:sort select = "firstname"/>
 <xsl:if> tag specifies a conditional test against the content of nodes.
<xsl:if test = "marks > 60">
 <xsl:choose> tag specifies a multiple conditional tests against the

content of nodes in conjunction with the <xsl:otherwise> and
<xsl:when> elements.
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test = "marks >= 70">
Distinction
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
Fail
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
 <xsl:key> tag element specifies a named name-value pair assigned to a
specific element in an XML document.
<xsl:for-each select = "key('firstname-search', 'ramesh')">
 <message> tag element helps to debug an XSLT processing. It is similar

to javascript alerts. <xsl:> tag buffers a message to XSLT processor
which terminates the processing and sends a message to the caller
application to display the error message.
<xsl:if test = "firstname = ''">
<xsl:message terminate = "yes">A first name field is empty.
</xsl:message>
</xsl:if>
//Example to Present Book Catalog – book.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href ="mystyle1.xsl" ?>
<catalog>
<book>
<title> XML for Web</title>
<author>Winston</author>
<publication>Pearson</publication>
<edition>8</edition>
<price>932Rs</price>
</book>
<book>
</book>
<book>
</book>
<book>
</book>
<book>
</book>
</catalog>
//mystyle1.xsl
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<table align="center" border="1">
<caption> <h2>Books Information</h2></caption>
<tr bgcolor="#BBEEFF">
<th style="text-align:left">Title</th>
<th style="text-align:left">Author</th>
<th style="text-align:left">Publication</th>
<th style="text-align:left">Edition</th>
<th style="text-align:left">Price</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="catalog/book">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="author"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="publication"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="edition"/> </td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
//Example to Present Student Information student.xml
<?xml version = "1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "studstyle.xsl"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "561">
<firstname>Rohith</firstname>
<lastname>reddy</lastname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Rao</lastname>
<marks>55</marks>
</student>
<firstname>ramesh</firstname>
<lastname>kumar</lastname>
<marks>64</marks>
</student>
<firstname>Kushal</firstname>
<lastname>swaroop</lastname>
<marks>44</marks>
</student>
</class>
//studstyle.xsl
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<html>
<body>
<h2>Students</h2>
<table border = "1">

<tr bgcolor = "#9acd32">
<th>Roll No</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="class/student">
<tr>

<td><xsl:value-of select = "@rollno"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "firstname"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "lastname"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "marks"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
//sorting data based on particular element (sort)-stud.xsl
<html>
<body>
<h2>Students</h2>
<th>Roll No</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
<xsl:sort select = "firstname"/>

<tr>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
//selecting data based on condition (if)-stud.xsl
<html>
<body>
<h2>Students</h2>
<th>Roll No</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
<xsl:if test = "marks > 60">

<tr>
</tr>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
//using choose, when otherwise-studstyle2.xsl

<html>
<body>
<h2>Students</h2>
<th>Roll No</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
<th>Grade</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test = "marks >= 70">
Distinction
</xsl:when>
<xsl:when test = "marks >= 60" >

First
</xsl:when>
<xsl:when test = "marks >= 50" >
Second
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
Fail
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)

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XSLT

 XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) is a styling language for XML.

An XSLT stylesheet is used to define the transformation rules to be applied

 <xsl:stylesheet> - xsl stylesheet declaration with xsl namespace:

<xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0"

 <xsl:template> - template tells the xlst processor about the section of

<xsl:if test = "marks > 60">

 <xsl:choose> tag specifies a multiple conditional tests against the

<xsl:for-each select = "key('firstname-search', 'ramesh')">

 <message> tag element helps to debug an XSLT processing. It is similar

//Example to Present Book Catalog – book.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<?xml version = "1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0"

<table border = "1">

<xsl:for-each select = "class/student">

<xsl:sort select = "firstname"/>

<xsl:for-each select = "class/student">

<xsl:if test = "marks > 60">

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<xsl:for-each select = "class/student">

<xsl:when test = "marks >= 60" >

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