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    XSLT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    3 views27 pages

    XSLT

    Uploaded by

    Jan Fritz Cajefe
    XSLT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 27

    XSLT

    eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations


    CSS vs XSL
    CSS = Style Sheets for HTML XSL = Style Sheets for XML

    ● predefined tags ● does not use predefined tags


    ● each tag is well understood ● each tag is not well understood
    ● browser knows how to display it ● browser does not know how to
    display it

    ● XSL describes how the XML document should be displayed


    ● XSL - More Than a Style Sheet Language
    XSL - More Than a Style Sheet Language

    ● XSLT - a language for transforming XML documents

    ● XPath - a language for navigating in XML documents

    ● XSL-FO - a language for formatting XML documents


    What is XSLT?
    ● XSLT stands for XSL Transformations

    ● XSLT is the most important part of XSL

    ● XSLT transforms an XML document into another XML document

    ● XSLT uses XPath to navigate in XML documents

    ● XSLT is a W3C Recommendation


    XSLT = XSL Transformations
    ● XSLT is far more sophisticated than CSS
    ● Add/remove, rearrange, sort, test elements
    in output document

    XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML


    document
    How to transform...
    ● Correct Style Sheet Declaration
    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

    or
    <xsl:transform version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

    ● Declare the XSLT namespace to get access to XSLT elements and


    attributes

    ● Include the attribute version="1.0"


    The Basic Structure of XSLT
    The root element for an XSLT file is the <xsl:stylesheet> element.
    (Note the xsl namespace.)

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>


    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"

    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    … XSLT syntax goes here …
    </xsl:stylesheet>
    A Quick Refresher on
    Namespaces

    XSLT uses the xsl namespace, which is specified via:

    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

    • Note that the xsl namespace prefix is used. It’s


    namespace value must be the specific URL you see
    above…
    The Components of XSLT

    • XSLT is expressed as an XML-formatted document.


    • There are a number of common XSLT elements that specify how the XML data should
    be transformed:

    <xsl:template>
    <xsl:for-each>
    <xsl:value-of>
    Start with a Raw XML Document
    Source xml (cdcatalog.xml):
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?>
    <catalog>
    <cd>
    <title>Empire Burlesque </title>
    <artist>Bob Dylan </artist>
    <country>USA</country>
    <company>Columbia</company>
    <price>10.90</price>
    <year>1985</year>
    </cd>
    </catalog>
    Start with a Raw XML Document
    XSL Style Sheet (cdcatalog.xsl):
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    <xsl:template match="/">
    <h2>My CD Collection</h2>
    <table border="1">
    <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
    <th>Title</th>
    <th>Artist</th>
    </tr>
    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </tr>
    </xsl:for-each>
    </table>
    </xsl:template>
    </xsl:stylesheet>
    Start with a Raw XML Document
    Link the XSL Style Sheet to the XML Document
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?>
    <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdcatalog.xsl"?>
    <catalog>
    <cd>
    <title>Empire Burlesque </title>
    <artist>Bob Dylan </artist>
    <country>USA</country>
    <company>Columbia</company>
    <price>10.90</price>
    <year>1985</year>
    </cd>
    </catalog>
    Start with a Raw XML Document
    Result is:
    Examining <xsl:template>

    • An XSLT document can contain an arbitrary number of <xsl:template>


    elements.
    • Each <xsl:template> element must include a match attribute, whose
    value is an XPath expression that indicates what XML nodes the
    <xsl:template> tag will work with.
    XSLT <xsl:template> Element
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding=" UTF-8"?>
    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
    >

    ● XSL style sheet consists of one or <xsl:template match="/">


    <html>
    more set of rules that are called <body>
    templates. <h2>My CD Collection</h2>
    ● The <xsl:template> element defines a <table border="1">
    <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
    template
    <th>Title</th>
    ● The match="/" attribute associates the <th>Artist</th>
    template with the root </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>.</td>
    <td>.</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
    </body>
    </html>
    </xsl:template>
    </xsl:stylesheet>
    Examining <xsl:value-of>

    • The <xsl:value-of> element accesses the text or attribute value of an


    element.
    • The <xsl:value-of> element requires a select attribute, which specifies
    the name of the element whose text node to retrieve, or the attribute
    name.
    XSLT <xsl:value-of> Element
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    ● Is used to extract the value of a <xsl:template match="/">
    selected node. <h2>My CD Collection</h2>
    ● used to extract the value of an XML <table border="1">
    element and add it to the output <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
    <th>Title</th>
    <th>Artist</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/></td>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/artist"/></td>
    </tr>
    </table>
    </xsl:template>
    Examining <xsl:for-each>

    • The <xsl:for-each> element iterates through all of the children elements


    of a specified element. The <xsl:for-each> element has a select attribute
    (like <xsl:value-of>), which specifies which element’s children to iterate
    through.
    XSLT <xsl:for-each> Element
    ● The <xsl:for-each> element allows
    <xsl:template match="/"> you to do looping in XSLT.
    <h2>My CD Collection</h2> ● used to select every XML element of
    <table border="1"> a specified node-set
    <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
    <th>Title</th>
    <th>Artist</th>
    </tr>
    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </tr>
    </xsl:for-each>
    </html>
    <xsl:template />
    XSLT <xsl:for-each> Element
    <xsl:template match="/"> Filtering the Output
    <h2>My CD Collection</h2>
    <table border="1">
    <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> Legal filter operators are:
    <th>Title</th> ● = (equal)
    <th>Artist</th> ● != (not equal)
    </tr> ● > (less than)
    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd[artist=’Bob ● < (greater than)
    Dylan’]">
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </tr>
    </xsl:for-each>
    </html>
    <xsl:template />
    XSLT <xsl:sort> Element
    ● The <xsl:sort> element is used to sort
    the output.
    ● To sort the output, simply add the
    element inside the for-each element.

    <table border="1">
    <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
    <th>Title</th>
    <th>Artist</th>
    </tr>
    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
    <xsl:sort select="artist"/>
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </tr>
    </xsl:for-each>
    </table>
    XSLT <xsl:if> Element
    Syntax
    <xsl:if test="expression">
    ...some output if the expression is true...
    </xsl:if>

    Example:
    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
    <xsl:if test="price > 10">
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </tr>
    </xsl:if>
    </xsl:for-each>
    XSLT <xsl:choose> Element
    Syntax Example
    <xsl:choose> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
    <xsl:when test="expression"> <tr>
    ... some output ... <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    </xsl:when> <xsl:choose>
    <xsl:otherwise> <xsl:when test="price > 10">
    ... some output .... <td bgcolor="#ff00ff">
    </xsl:otherwise> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </xsl:choose> </xsl:when>
    <xsl:otherwise>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    ● Specifies a multiple conditional tests </xsl:otherwise>
    against the content of nodes in </xsl:choose>
    conjunction. </tr>
    </xsl:for-each>
    XSLT <xsl:choose> Element
    Example
    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
    <tr>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
    <xsl:choose>
    <xsl:when test="price > 10">
    <td bgcolor="#ff00ff">
    <xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </xsl:when>
    <xsl:otherwise>
    <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
    </xsl:otherwise>
    </xsl:choose>
    </tr>
    </xsl:for-each>
    XSLT <xsl:apply-templates> Element

    ● The <xsl:apply-templates> element applies a template rule to the current


    element or to the current element's child nodes.

    ● If we add a "select" attribute to the <xsl:apply-templates> element, it will


    process only the child elements that matches the value of the attribute.
    XSLT <xsl:apply-templates> Element
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> ...
    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="title">
    Title: <span style="color:#ff0000">
    <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select="."/></span>
    <html> <br />
    <body> </xsl:template>
    <h2>My CD Collection</h2>
    <xsl:apply-templates/> <xsl:template match="artist">
    </body> Artist: <span style="color:#00ff00">
    </html> <xsl:value-of select="."/></span>
    </xsl:template> <br />
    </xsl:template>
    <xsl:template match="cd">
    <p> </xsl:stylesheet>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="artist"/>
    </p>
    </xsl:template>
    ...
    XSLT <xsl:apply-templates> Element
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> ...
    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="title">
    Title: <span style="color:#ff0000">
    <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select="."/></span>
    <html> <br />
    <body> </xsl:template>
    <h2>My CD Collection</h2>
    <xsl:apply-templates/> <xsl:template match="artist">
    </body> Artist: <span style="color:#00ff00">
    </html> <xsl:value-of select="."/></span>
    </xsl:template> <br />
    </xsl:template>
    <xsl:template match="cd">
    <p> </xsl:stylesheet>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="artist"/>
    </p>
    </xsl:template>
    ...

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