Module#5 XML Prof. Ashish Revar

Module#5
XML
Prof. Ashish Revar
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

Document Type Definition (DTD)
XML Schema (XS)
eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)
XSL Transformations (XSLT)
eXtensible Markup Language

Markup language much like HTML, but not a
replacement for HTML
XML tags are not predefined. You must define
your own tags
Primary use of XML is the description of data
rather than presentation
W3C Recommendation
Used to transport and store data

Both human and machine can read
Useful in swapping data between different
applications
Self-descriptive
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<book>
<title>Developing Web
Application</title>
<author>Ralph Moseley</author>
<price>500</price>
</book>
<bookstore>
<book isbn=>
<title></title>
<author></author>
<price></price>
</book>
<book>
</book>
<bookstore>
Elements : <price>500</price>
Attributes : <book isbn=2960-5>
Entities : <, >, &
PCDATA : parsed character data
CDATA : character data
Tags inside the text will be treated as markup

Tags inside the text will NOT be treated as markup
Comments : 
Elements must have a closing tag

Tags are Case Sensitive
Elements must be properly nested
Documents must have a root element
Attribute values must be quoted
White-space is preserved in XML
Provides a method to avoid element name

conflicts
When using prefixes in XML, a namespace for the
prefix must be defined.
The namespace is defined by the xmlns
attribute in the start tag of an element.
The namespace declaration has the following
syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".
<animal:name xmlns:name=
"http://www.domain.com/animal">
9
XML is concerned with being well formed or

correct in syntax.
Two ways of checking whether a document
follows the expected order and structure.
Document Type Definition (DTD)

XML Schema
10
The purpose of a DTD (Document Type

Definition) is to define the legal building blocks
of an XML document.
Can be declared in XML document itself or as an
external file.
11
With a DTD, each of your XML files can carry a

description of its own format.
With a DTD, independent groups of people can
agree to use a standard DTD for interchanging
data.
Your application can use a standard DTD to verify
that the data you receive from the outside world
is valid.
You can also use a DTD to verify your own data.
12
<!DOCTYPE NEWSPAPER [
<!ELEMENT NEWSPAPER (ARTICLE+)>
<!ELEMENT ARTICLE (HEADLINE,BODY)>
<!ELEMENT HEADLINE (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST ARTICLE AUTHOR CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST ARTICLE EDITION CDATA #IMPLIED>
]>
<NEWSPAPER>
13
<!DOCTYPE NEWSPAPER SYSTEM
news.dtd>
<NEWSPAPER>
14
<!ELEMENT ele-name EMPTY>

<!ELEMENT ele-name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ele-name (child1,child2,...)>
<!ELEMENT ele-name (child+)>
<!ELEMENT ele-name (child*)>
<!ELEMENT ele-name (child?)>
<!ELEMENT ele-name (child | child2)>
15
<!ATTLIST element-name attribute-name attributetype default-value>

<!ATTLIST payment type CDATA "check">
<!ATTLIST payment type CDATA #REQUIRED>
16
CDATA : The value is character data

(en1|en2|..) : The value must be one from an
enumerated list
ID : The value is a unique id
17
Value : The default value of the attribute

#REQUIRED : The attribute is required
#IMPLIED : The attribute is not required
#FIXED : The attribute value is fixed
18
XML Schema describes the structure of an XML

document
Largely replacing DTDs as they are extensible, richer
and generally more useful
19
<xs:schema
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="heading"
type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body"
type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
20
<note
xmlns="http://www.domain.com"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
ema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.domain.co
m/note.xsd">
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this
weekend!</body>
</note>
21
<xs:element name="xxx" type="yyy"

default="aaa"/>
xs:string
xs:decimal
xs:integer
xs:boolean
xs:date
xs:time
22
A complex element is an XML element that contains

other elements and/or attributes.
<xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
23
<xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string"

use="required"/>
use=optional"/>
fixed="EN"/>
default="EN"/>
24
Enumeration, length, maxExclusive, maxInclusive,

maxLength, pattern, whiteSpace
<xs:element name="age">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
<xs:maxInclusive value="120"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>
25
XML with correct syntax is "Well Formed" XML.

XML validated against a DTD is "Valid" XML.
An XML parser converts an XML document into
an XML DOM object - which can then be
manipulated with JavaScript.
26
eXtensible Stylesheet Language

CSS = Style Sheets for HTML
XSL = Style Sheets for XML
XSL - More Than a Style Sheet Language
XSLT - a language for transforming XML documents

XPath - a language for navigating in XML documents
XSL-FO - a language for formatting XML documents
27
XSL Transformations
XSLT is used to transform an XML document into
another XML document, or another type of
document that is recognized by a browser, like
HTML and XHTML. Normally XSLT does this by
transforming each XML element into an (X)HTML
element.
Add-remove elements, Rearrange-sort elements,
perform tests, etc
28
XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML

document.
XPath is used to navigate through elements and
attributes in XML documents.
29
<catalog>
<cd>
<title>Empire Burlesque</title>
<artist>Bob Dylan</artist>
<price>19</price>
</cd>
</catalog>
30
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Trans
form">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>My CD Collection</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
<th>Title</th>
<th>Artist</th>
</tr>
31
<xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of
select="title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of
select="artist"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
32
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl"
href="cdcatalog.xsl"?>
<catalog>
33
Used to build templates
match attribute is used
Used to define a template for the entire XML document

Used to associate a template with an XML element
Value of the match attribute is an XPath

expression
34
Nodename : Selects all child nodes

/ : Selects from root node
// : Selects nodes in the document from the
current node that match the selection no matter
where they are
. : Selects the current node
.. : Selects the parent of the current node
@ : Selects attributes
* : Any element node
35
Predicates are used to find a specific node or a

node that contains a specific value.
/bookstore/book[1]
/bookstore/book[last()]
/bookstore/book[last()-1]
/bookstore/book[position()<3]
/bookstore/book[price>35.00]
36
Used to extract the value of an XML element and

add it to the output stream of the transformation
<xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/>
Used with <xsl:for-each>
37
Allows you to do looping in XSLT

<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of
<td><xsl:value-of
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
38
Used to sort the output

<xsl:sort select="artist"/>
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of
<td><xsl:value-of
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
39
Used to put a conditional test against the content of

the XML file
<xsl:if test="price > 10">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of
<td><xsl:value-of
</tr>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
40
Used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and

<xsl:otherwise> to express multiple conditional
tests
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="expression">
... some output ...
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
... some output ....
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
41
Used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and

<xsl:otherwise> to express multiple conditional tests
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="price > 10">
<td bgcolor="#ff00ff">
<xsl:value-of
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
<td><xsl:value-of
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
42
Applies a template to the current element or to

the current element's child nodes
<html>
<body>
<h2>My CD Collection</h2>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
43
<xsl:template match="cd">
<p>
<xsl:apply-templates
select="title"/>
<xsl:apply-templates
select="artist"/>
</p>
</xsl:template>
44
<xsl:template match="title">
Title: <span style="color:#ff0000">
<xsl:value-of select="."/></span>
<br />
</xsl:template>
45

Module#5 XML Prof. Ashish Revar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module#5 XML Prof. Ashish Revar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module#5

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

eXtensible Markup Language

Used to transport and store data

CDATA : character data

Tags inside the text will be treated as markup

Comments :

Elements must have a closing tag

Provides a method to avoid element name

XML is concerned with being well formed or

Document Type Definition (DTD)

The purpose of a DTD (Document Type

With a DTD, each of your XML files can carry a

<!ELEMENT ele-name EMPTY>

<!ATTLIST element-name attribute-name attributetype default-value>

CDATA : The value is character data

Value : The default value of the attribute

XML Schema describes the structure of an XML

<xs:element name="xxx" type="yyy"

A complex element is an XML element that contains

<xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string"

Enumeration, length, maxExclusive, maxInclusive,

XML with correct syntax is "Well Formed" XML.

eXtensible Stylesheet Language

XSLT - a language for transforming XML documents

XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML

Used to build templates

match attribute is used

Used to define a template for the entire XML document

Value of the match attribute is an XPath

Nodename : Selects all child nodes

Predicates are used to find a specific node or a

Used to extract the value of an XML element and

Allows you to do looping in XSLT

Used to sort the output

Used to put a conditional test against the content of

Used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and

Used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and

Applies a template to the current element or to

You might also like