Lou Justin Borromeo

MU

Sapuay, Grace P. 2006. "Gender Sensitivity on the Use of Public Toilets in The

Philippines." 181-182.

The Philippines has come a long way in terms of provision of public toilet facilities. Twenty
years ago, the public toilet facilities in the Metro Manila area and in other parts of the country,
especially along highways were practically non-existent except in malls. Nowadays, the public
toilet facilities can be found along the highways in major cities. These are commonly found in
gasoline stations and restaurant establishments. In Metro Manila, public urinals are prominently
located along the major roads and highways. However, these have been set up as a response to
common male habit of peeing anywhere along the road or walls. In contrary, women
counterparts seemed to have been left out of this scenario, leaving them on their own to search
for better toilet facilities where they can do it privately and comfortably. This paper tackles the
equality/inequality of treatment in males and females in terms of the provisions of public toilet
facilities. Additionally, issues relating to gender sensitivity in sanitation in the Philippines are
discussed.

Herman, Jody L. 2013. "Gendered Restrooms and Minority Stress: The Public Regulation
of Gender and its Impact on Transgender." 65.

The designers of our built environment have created public facilities that are segregated by
gender, such as locker rooms, public restrooms, and even jails and shelters. Reliance on gender
segregation in the public harm transgenders. This paper used a minority stress framework to
discuss findings gained from an original survey of transgenders in Washington, DC about what
they experience in public restrooms. 70% of survey respondents admitted either being denied
access, verbally harassed, or physically assaulted just in public restrooms. These experiences
impacted their daily public and social lives. The conclusion of this paper focuses on a discussion
of how public administration and public policy can start to address these problems by pointing to
innovative regulatory language and implementation efforts in Washington, DC and also suggests
policies informed by the survey findings

Aguilar, Joshua Chris F. 2016. "From Tolerance To Acceptance: Restroom Equity Act."
12-13.
Lou Justin Borromeo
MU

 We are now in the living in the 20th century where we go past beyond traditional conventions of
the previous era towards the seemingly ‘hegemony’ of liberal thoughts with global

appeal. It is more apparent now how human rights advocates are more assertive in forwarding

their principles of gender equality, diversity, and sensitivity, calling for greater recognition

internationally of the rights of the LGBT community through worldwide representation across

and within states. This proves to be true in the case of the Philippines, where the realization of

full respect for human rights and dignity of every human being, as well as the assurance of equal

protection under the law, are essentially enshrined in the 1987 Constitution. Since individuals

who does not fit the heteronormative ideals of the society are the most vulnerable to harassment

and assault when using gender-segregated public restrooms according to their perceived

SOGIEs, of particular transcendental importance is the concern for providing safe public

restrooms to transgenders. While the usage of public restrooms is essentially based on social

norms, there are no laws ensuring the safety of transgenders in using public restrooms.

References
Aguilar, Joshua Chris F. 2016. "From Tolerance To Acceptance: Restroom Equity Act." 12-13.

Herman, Jody L. 2013. "Gendered Restrooms and Minority Stress: The Public Regulation of
Gender and its Impact on Transgender." 65.

Sapuay, Grace P. 2006. "Gender Sensitivity on the Use of Public Toilets in The Philippines."
181-182.