National Mission on Education through ICT alketjoyAyTeacher 2 =n Introduction to Xda ten Lecture - 09 Prof. B. G. Fernandes Department of Electrical Engineering IIT) Bombay,= Sub-Topics: * Concept of Reactive Power * Power factor improvement * Maximum power transfer theorem Lecture a 110[ Review ~ * Instantaneous power in 1 - @ circuit pulsates at 2F * Single phase motors require special resilient mountings * Complex power, S= VI"=P +jQ P —+ active power = Vicosd W = [?R g=Z! Q—Visin@ VAr = 1X S=VIF VA * In DC, if P & V are known, | can be determined * However in AC, P, V & cos or V & S should be known to determine | | yi Introduction Leeture 9 keh 3/10Ves a given P ~ || «| drawn by load f as cos 6 (PF) | = Drop in the linet = I?R, IX in the linet and therefore ‘S’ of source t => IF? R loss in source also increases *V.< V, for lagging & unity PF. °V, SV, or V_>V, for leading P.F. V, C : ‘| load Tue A y [tere tea) 11 20 G Lecture a 4/10ir IV. blY,| Source P.F= cosZi"4 If the P.F. is unity If PL is leading V5 ae | I vOOIE IV, TAY, | WV RIV; | or IVY, Lecture a 5/10 Tue Aug 112008|" Measurement of Power ~ | => Using wattmeter Current coil => Has 2 coils: 4 Voltage coil M —> Mains L — Load Cc > Common V => Voltage L_ soetooae Leeture 8 410, 2009 apI conce t_of Reactive Power 1 kVA, 200V, 50 Hz Generator 2 5A = Rated current = 5A re => Assume load =1kVAr, 200V ——_1000va a) 200V,50HZ' => Current drawn by the load = 5A = rated current of generator => Power consumed by the load =0 Assume generator is ideal (losses = 0) «. Input power = 0/p power + loss = 0 = No input is required. Lecture a 6/10(= If losses are taken into account, ~ | \/P power = losses = Source has the capability to supply P => If additional load (P) is connected 5A ForanylZ£ 0 =F =VI+5 25 M 4KVA, R. 2oovscha! pe la => Fuse will operate => Else IR losses f, Lorms value => Temperature rise => Cooling requirement Lecture a 7/10[|= Though ‘LU’ does not consume any P, source capacity can |I not be utilized to cater other loads = Energy meter reading « power « VI cos0 a | cos0 | Teo? iL. uu k “ye Load is drawing |, = Energy Meter reading «x |, cos «. Tariff 0. |,cosO Who pays for I sin@ ? => Fuel (power input) to supply Q may not be required Lecture a g/10(= Utilities may not be able to cater other loads ~ | = Returns are low => Utilization and returns are maximum at unity p.f => Load requires reactive power => Generate reactive power locally => Capacitor draws leading | = If I, =I, sind, |= |, cos8 = Overhead line loss & drop | => Voltage profile at load end also 1 improves Lecture a 9/10 Tue Aug, 1120086(-3€ <> Gfo is inpactive yo i3f G-33+33 E ——<—— i 4sNor a small consumer, power tariff depends only on ‘P’ “| I, T poe Transform => Cross-section of cable may reduce if ‘Q’is generated locally (one time investment) => No direct benefit LoaD => For Bulk consumer : Power tariff depends on ‘P’ & ‘Q’ => Expected to maintain P.F. within permissible limit Lecture & 10/10[| Probiem: 3 types of load ~ i. 1000VA, 0.5 lag ii, 180W, 0.8 lead iii, LOOOVA, 700 VAr(lag) Find total $,P & Q E Q 500 866(lag) 180 135(lead) 714 700(lag) -.P=1394W Q=1431 VAr .$ = 2000 VA at 0.7 lag Thu, Aug Te atynon cSt FTecture 10 | 20, 2009 Prof B.G.Fernandes TAB!---—FFank fou SE eter MATS http://www.co-learn.in to access learning resources to view more courses to provide feedback and suggestions The Content is Licensed Under a Creative Commons ger. cl Sie OMe Sain) Talk To A Teacher, liT Bombay is an Initiative of National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Gol