Lupus Nephritis

Risk Factors:

Family history- absent in patient

Female 9:1 ratio (Lim & Drenkard,2013)

African, Asian, Hispanic Rase (Yap & Chan,2015)

SLE is more common among women in the third decade of life, and lupus nephritis typically occurs in patients aged 20-40 years.
(Lim & Drenkard,2013)

Clinical Presentation:

Peripheral edema secondary to hypertension or hypoalbunemia (Dooley & Wallace, 2013)

Hypertension-related symptoms- headache, vomiting

Rashes, arthritis, serositis, CNS manifestations (seizure, changes in mental status) (Pisetsky, Gilkeson, & St. Clair , 1997)

Complications:

End stage renal disease

Ruling out:

1. Ruling out SLE first

EULAR/ACR criteria: ANA titer of at least 1:80 on Hep-2 cells or positive test at elast once, otherwise, the patient is considered not
to have SLE. If positive, Pt with at least one clinical criterion and 10 or more points are classified as having SLE
2. Renal Biopsy- light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy findings from renal biopsy specimens.