International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL

ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)
ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) IJEET
Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012), pp. 21-30
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SIMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL

STRATEGY FOR Z-SOURCE INVERTER IN THE SPEED
CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR
P.H. ZOPE*, PRASHANT SONARE**, AVNISH BORA**, RASHMI KALLA**
*Research Student, Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
JNU Jodhpur, India
Email- phzope@gmail.com
** Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
JNU Jodhpur, India
ABSTRACT

In this paper development, modeling and simulation of control strategy for Z-source
inverter is presented. The performance of single-phase induction motor is studied with the
control of single phase Z-source inverter using ARM-7. The LPC-2148 ARM-7
microcontroller senses the motor speed feedback signal and consequently provides the
pulse width modulated (PWM) signal that sets the gate voltage of the inverter, which in
turn provides the required voltage for the desired speed. Simple Boost Control PWM
technique has been employed in this inverter to supply the motor with ac voltage. The
proposed drive system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results were
compared with the experimental results.

Keywords: Pulse width modulation, simple boost control, Z-source inverter, LPC-2148
ARM-7, Microcontroller, Single phase induction motor.

1. INTRODUCTION
Induction motors have many advantages compared to DC motors and synchronous
motors in many aspects, such as size, efficiency, cost, life span and maintainability. Low
cost and ease of manufacturing have made the induction motors a good choice for electric
and hybrid vehicles. The simple boost control PWM technique is used to simulate the
single phase Z-source inverter for induction motor control.The speed control of such
motors can be achieved by controlling the applied voltage on the motor by the use of
power electronic devices [1]. Z-Source inverter is used for power control of single phase
induction motor as compared to the traditional voltage source inverter (VSI) and current
source inverter (CSI) inverters. The control strategy of Z-source inverter is simulated in
MATLAB environment and implemented using ARM7TDMI-s LPC-2148
microcontroller. ARM-7 is used to sense and control the motor speed the simple boost

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January
January-June (2012), © IAEME
pulse width modulated signal are applied to control operation of Z-source
source inverter.
Figure.. 1 shows the configuration of the Z
Z-source inverter. The operating
erating principle has
been described in detail in [1, 2 and 3].

Figure 1: Z-source inverter

2. MODULATION SCHEME OF Z
Z-SOURCE INVERTER
The simple boost control strategy is illustrated in Figure. 2. it inserts shoot through
states. This control method maintains the seven states shown in table 2 are remain
unchanged as in the traditional carrier based PWM. Two straight lines are employed to
realize the shoot through duty ratio (Do). The first one is equal to the peak value of the
sinusoidal reference voltages
es while the other one is the negative of the first one.
Whenever the triangular carrier signal is higher than the positive straight line or lower
than the negative straight line, the inverter will operate in shoot
shoot-through
through otherwise it
works as a traditional
al PWM inverter.

Fig
Figure 2: Simple boost control

Table 2: Switching states of a single phase Z

Z-Source Inverter
nverter

Switching states S1 S2 S3 S4 Output Voltage

Active states 1 0 0 1 Finite voltage
0 1 1 0
Zero states 1 0 1 0 Zero
0 1 0 1
Shoot through
ugh state 1 1 S3 S4
S1 S2 1 1 Zero
1 1 1 1

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME

Important mathematical expressions are

D0 = 1 − M (1)
M
G = BM = (2)
1 − 2D0
M M M
G= = = (3)
1 − 2 D 0 1 − 2(1 − M ) 2 M − 1
BV 0
vout = M (4)
2
BV 0 = Vinv (5)

B = 2G − 1 (6)
1
Vinv = (2G − 1)V 0 = V0 (7)
2M − 1
3. SIMULATION OF THE SYSTEM
The single phase Z-source inverter Matlab / Simulink model for speed control of
induction motor is shown in figure 3, it has two inductors L1=L2, capacitors C1=C2.
Simple boost control technique is used for PWM signal. The simulation parameters are:
1) Z-source network: L1 = L2 = 1mH, C1 = C2 = 1000 µF; 2) Output filters: Lf = 1mH,
Cf = 5-15µF; 3) switching frequency: 10 kHz. Figure 3 shows the AC 110 vrms input is
rectified using a diode rectifier. The rectified DC pulsating signal is applied to the Z-
source inverter then the output of the inverter is fed to the auxiliary winding and the
motor's main winding is directly connected to the 110 V utility supplies. The reference
value of the magnitude and phase of voltage applied to the auxiliary winding are
computed by the reference voltage block. By varying the auxiliary winding voltage
magnitude and phase, the torque ripples are alleviated at all operating points. The voltage
control loop uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller.

Figure. 3. Matlab/ Simulink model

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January
January-June (2012), © IAEME
Implementation Methodolog
Methodologies

The
he block diagram of single phase Z Z-source
source inverter using ARM7 for speed control of
induction motor is shown in figure 4. It contains following main section Z-source Z
inverter, ARM 7 Processor, Driver section, Triggering circuit, speed control circuit. The
Z-source
source inverter [7] is utilized to realize inversion and boost function. It contain a
unique impedance network of inductors and capacitors, the Z Z-source
source inverter utilizes the
shoot through states by gating on both the upper and lower switches in the same phase
legs, to boost the dc voltage without DC/DC converter. A two-port port impedance network
looks like symmetrical lattice network most commonly used in filter and attenuator
circuit. The lattice network contains L1 and L2 which are series arm inductances, C1 C and
C2 which are diagonal arm capacitances. Figure 1 shows that the lattice network is
connected between the rectifier and the inverter. The full bridge inverter
nverter consists of two
legs. Each leg consists of two switches and their anti parallel diodes. The two switches in
each leg are switched in such a way that when one of them is in off state, the other is in
on state. The output current will flow continuously through load and the output voltage is
solely dictated by the status of the switches. The Z-sourcee inverter design and control is
described in [8],[ 9]. The ARM 7 LPC LPC-2148 microcontroller has been programmed to
vary the PWM signal of the inverter and converts it to ac power to feed the motor under
control. Figure 4 shows the hardware circuit implemented for this work.

Figure
Figure. 4. Block diagram of the system

4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The ARM-7 controller is proposed for the prototype Z Z-source inverter. The controller is
developed using a LPC-2148
2148 ARM
ARM-7 board shown in figure 5. The he controller generates
sinusoidal reference voltages which are needed for generating the PWM signals for
driving the Z-source
source inverter. ARM-7 board is programmed to produce PWM signals by
comparing a triangular carrier with reference sine waves. The designed controller shows
good tracking with speed of the motor and efficiently reduces disturbance. The sensing,
detecting, driving, switching, and interfacing circuits are implemented by the hardware
circuits; however, the maximum torque control algorithms are executed by the ARM-7
board.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME

Figure. 5. Experimental setup

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Figure. 6 shows the simple boost control modulation, the shoot-through periods are
generated by two straight lines which are equal or greater than the peak values of the
modulating reference sinusoidal signals [4 and 9]. Shoot-through switching pulses are
generated by comparing the dc signal (with magnitude equal or greater than the peak of
triangular signal) with the high frequency triangular carrier signal. The modulation index
(M) and the shoot-through duty ratio (Do) are interdependence with each other. The
relation between these two parameters is expressed in equation (3). We can see from the
equation that shoot-through duty ratio (Do) decreases with increasing modulation index
(M), the inverter will operate in shoot-through, otherwise it works as a traditional PWM
inverter.

1
0
-1
0.3074 0.3075 0.3076 0.3077 0.3078
1.5
1
G1

0.5
0
-0.5
0.3074 0.3075 0.3076 0.3077 0.3078
1.5
1
G2

0.5
0
-0.5
0.3074 0.3075 0.3076 0.3077 0.3078
1.5
1
G3

0.5
0
-0.5
0.3074 0.3075 0.3076 0.3077 0.3078
1.5
1
G4

0.5
0
-0.5
0.3074 0.3075 0.3076 0.3077 0.3078
Time
Figure 6: Switching sequence simple boost control
The inverter fundamental voltage and current and total harmonics distortion varies
with different modulation index is tabulated in Table 2. In terms of simple boost control
technique shoot through pulse affect the inverter load voltage and current and it shows
great improvement than the unipolar and bipolar PWM technique [16].

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME
Table 2: Variation of fundamental voltage and current with modulation index
Sr M Vl IL Fundamental % THD Fundamental % THD
No IL in IL VL in VL
1 0.6 217 61 61.43 1.94 202.5 5.55
2 0.65 235 66 67.31 2.08 221.9 5.52
3 0.7 242.8 70.4 71.23 1.58 234.8 4.78
4 0.75 258 75 76 1.75 250.6 5.32
5 0.8 273 80 80.63 1.67 265.8 5.88
6 0.85 298 85 85.33 2.8 281.3 8.32
7 0.9 310 90 90.76 5.21 299.2 15.09

The inductor current and voltage across capacitor is shown in Figure 7 and 8. The
purpose of the inductors is to limit the current ripple through the devices during boost
mode with shoot-through state. Similarly the inductor current increases linearly and the
voltage across the inductor is equal to the voltage across the capacitor. During non-shoot
through modes, the inductor current decreases linearly and the voltage across the inductor
is the difference between the input voltage and the capacitor voltage but the capacitor
voltage is always equal to the input voltage. Therefore, there is no voltage across the
inductor and only a pure dc current goes through the inductors. The purpose of the
capacitor is to absorb the current ripple and maintain a fairly constant voltage so as to
keep the output voltage sinusoidal. During shoot-through, the capacitor charges the
inductors, and the current through theCurrent
capacitor
throughequals
inductorthe current through the inductor.
250

200

150

100

50

-50
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Figure Voltacross
7: Inductor current
capacitor
400

300

200

100

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Time
Figure 8: Voltage across capacitor

The nonlinearity component introduced in the output are measured by total

harmonics distortion.The percentage THD of the output voltage and current with simple
boost PWM control harmonics spectra shown in Figure 9 and 10 are less as compared to
carrier-based sinusoidal modulation method.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME

Fundamental (50Hz) = 90.76 , THD= 5.21%

Mag (% of Fundamental)
4

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 9: Output current harmonics spectra

Fundamental (50Hz) = 299.2 , THD= 15.09%

15
Mag (% of Fundamental)

10

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 10: Output voltage harmonics spectra

The Matlab/ Simulink model is tested under input voltage Vin = 110 Vrms, shoot through
duty ratio D0 = 0.218, and modulation index M = 0.9, Vo = 210V. The main and
auxiliary winding voltages simulation and implementation response of single -phase
induction motor is described in Figure 11 and 12.
Main Winding Voltage(V)
200

-200
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Auxillary winding Voltage (V)

200

-200
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Figure. 11. Main and auxiliary winding voltage simulation result

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME

Figure 12. Main and auxiliary winding voltage implementation result

Main Winding Current (A)
20

-20
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Auxillary winding Current (A)

20

-20
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Time

Figure 13. Main and auxiliary winding current simulation result

The main and auxiliary winding current response of single -phase induction motor is
shown in figure 13. Initially the rotor current fluctuates between 0 and 0.5 second then it
is about 5A at 0.8 second.
Figure 14 shows the rotor-speed curve and electromagnetic torque of single phase
induction motor.

Figure. 14. Rotor-speed curve and electromagnetic torque simulation result

The rotor speed is gradually increases to the rated speed. The rated speed is 1735 rpm and
it is reached at nearly 0.5 second. Similarly the time response of electromagnetic torque
of single-phase induction motor is variable between 0 to 0.5 second then it is nearly equal
zero between 0.5-1.4 and at last the rated torque is 1.1N.m reached at 1.5 second.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME
1

G1
0.5
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
1

G2
0.5
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03
1

G3
0.5
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03
1

G4
0.5
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03
Time

Figure. 15. PWM signal simulation result

Figure. 16. PWM signal implementation result

PWM technique has been employed in this inverter to supply the motor with ac voltage.
The simulated and experimental PWM signal is shown in figure 15 and 16 they are used
to switch the MOSFET’s in inverter to drive the motor. These signals generated by
comparing measured auxiliary winding voltage with the reference voltage obtained from
rotor speed. The driver circuit is used to feed signal from a controller to arrange the
switching process, according to the reference control voltage (Ref) and feedback signal
from the motor speed (N).

5 CONCLUSION
In this paper the single-phase induction motor can be successfully driven from a voltage
control and the motor’s speed can be easily adjusted using the proposed drive system
using ARM-7. Due to the shoot through switching states in the Z- source inverter, the
simple boost control modulation is a suitable for a single-phase Z-source inverter. The
MATLAB simulink model for speed control of induction motor and the experimental
results have been compared. The simulation results confirmed that the possibility of
obtaining of the same results. This control scheme offer new, low-cost solutions for light
commercial and consumer applications.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012), © IAEME

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