LETTERS International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No.

6, November 2009

Modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Z-Source Inverters

S. Thangaprakash1 and A. Krishnan2
1

Sri Shakthi Inst. of Engg. & Tech.,/ Department of Electrical Engineering, Coimbatore, India Email: s_thangaprakash@rediffmail.com 2 K.S.R. College of Engineering /Dean (Academic), Tiruchengode, India. mentioned above simultaneously, this paper aims presenting a modified voltage space vector for the ZSource inverters based on Space Vector Modulation technique. This algorithm provides a Modified Voltage Space Vector with single stage control having one degree of freedom and allows the inverter to be operated in wide modulation index with improved output voltage. II. MODIFIED VOLTAGE SPACE VECTOR MODULATION A. Modified SVM For a three-phase-leg two level VSI, both continuous switching (e.g., centered SVM) and discontinuous switching (e.g., 60 discontinuous PWM) are possible with each having its own unique null placement at the start and end of a switching cycle and characteristic harmonic spectrum. The same strategies with proper insertion of shoot through modes could be applied to the three-phase-leg zsource inverter with each having the same characteristic spectrum as its conventional counterpart [4].

Abstract This paper presents a Modified control method for Space Vector Modulated (SVM) Z - Source inverters. Proposed algorithm provides a modified voltage vector with single stage controller having one degree of freedom wherein traditional controllers have two degrees of freedom. Through this method of control, the full utilization of the dc link input voltage and keeping the lowest voltage stress across the switches with variable input voltage could be achieved. The SVM control algorithm presented in this paper is implemented through Matlab/Simulink tool and experimentally verified with Z - source inverter prototype in the laboratory. Index Terms Shoot through, Z-Source Inverter, Space Vector Modulation, Harmonics.

I. INTRODUCTION Z source inverter overcomes the problems in the Traditional VSI and CSI. Several control methods for the Z-Source inverter have been developed since the ZSource inverter was proposed in 2002 [1]-[3]. In these control strategies, the capacitor voltage is controlled by the shoot-through duty ratio and the output voltage is controlled by the modulation index, respectively. Both of the two controllers are designed separately, thus the whole system is controlled by two degree of freedom. Furthermore, it cannot make full use of the input dc link voltage, which results in low control voltage margin. The voltage boost is inversely related to the shoot through duty ratio, therefore the ripple in shoot through duty ratio will result in ripple in the current through the inductor as well as the voltage in the capacitor.

Figure 2. Voltage space vectors with shoot through states for z source inverter

Figure 1. Z-Source inverter system

Modified Voltage Space Vector has been presented for effective AC output control with DC boost but it still depends two stage controllers. However the operation of the Z-Source inverter with wide modulation index range and the effective DC link voltage boost has not been evidently reported. To address the different shortcomings

There are fifteen switching states of a three-phase-leg z-source inverter. In addition to the six active and two null states associated with a conventional VSI, the zsource inverter has seven shoot-through states representing the short-circuiting of a phase-leg (E1), two phase-legs (E2) or all three phase-legs(E3). These shootthrough states again boost the dc link capacitor voltages and can partially supplement the null states within a fixed switching cycle without altering the normalized voltsec average, since both states similarly short-circuit the inverter three-phase output terminals, producing zero voltage across the ac load. Shoot-through states can therefore be inserted to existing PWM state patterns of a conventional VSI to derive different modulation

136
2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

LETTERS International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No. 6, November 2009
strategies for controlling a three-phase-leg z-source inverter. The continuous centered SVM state sequence of a conventional three-phase-leg VSI, where three state transitions occur (e.g., null (000) active(100) active (110) null (111) ) and the null states at the start and end of a switching cycle Ts span equal time intervals to achieve optimal harmonic performance [5]. With threeT state transitions, three equal-interval ( 0 ) shoot-through 3 states can be added immediately adjacent to the active states per switching cycle for modulating a ZSource inverter where T0 is the shoot through time period in one switching cycle. Preferably, the shoot-through states should be inserted such that equal null intervals are again maintained at the start and end of the switching cycle to achieve the same optimal harmonic performance. The middle shoot-through state is symmetrically placed about the original switching instant. The traditional switching pattern for sector-I is shown in fig.3 and modified switching pattern for sector-I is shown in fig.4.

Vmin( sn ) = Vmin + Voff 2T

(6)

{sp, sn} = {1, 4},{3, 6},{5, 2} T Where T = 0 shoot through duty ratio. 3 In the case of traditional pulse width modulation methods of Z-Source Inverters reported in [2], all the T switching functions are altered with 0 either added with 3 the active time or take out from them. But in MSVM, the active states of two switches remain unaltered neither added nor reduced by the shoot through.

Figure 3. Traditional switching pattern for Z-Source inverter

B. Modified Voltage Vector As aforementioned, the modulation signal produced by the conventional VSI method cannot produce voltage 3 and Z-Source inverters need two stage vector beyond 2 controllers separately for boost mode and non-boost mode. A modified Voltage Vector is presented in this section to allow the voltage vector to be operated beyond 3 with single stage controller block. Normally the 2 shoot through duty ratio is defined as follows,
D0 = min( Tz ) ; for = 0 2 Ts
u r ) V sin( + )Ts 3 3

= (1

(7)

Further D0 could be related with the modulation index M as,

Figure 4. Modified switching pattern for Sector I of Z-Source inverter

D0 = 1 M
V = 3 2 M;M = V 2 3 2 3 V ;

(8) then

The active states {100} and {110} are left/right shifted T accordingly by ( 0 ) with their time intervals kept 3 constant, and the remaining two shoot-through states are lastly inserted within the null intervals, immediately adjacent to the left of the first state transition and to the right of the second transition. This way of sequencing inverter states also ensures a single device switching at all transitions, and allows the use of only shoot-through states E1, E2, and E3. The other shoot-through states cannot be used since they require the switching of at least two phase-legs at every transition. The modulating signal for the modified SVM strategy could be derived from the following equations,
Vmax( sp ) = Vmax + Voff + T Vmax( sn ) = Vmax + Voff

D0 = 1
B=

1 1 = 4 1 2 D0 V 1 3

(9)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Vm id ( sp ) = Vm id + Voff
Vm id ( sn ) = Vm id + Voff T Vmin( sp ) = Vmin + Voff T

In boost mode of operation, shoot through periods for shoot through vector are acquired from the traditional zero vector and is calculated by (8). In non-boost mode of operation, z-source inverter operates as a traditional VSI and the boost factor (B) constantly equals one. So the new vector which is accomplished by both the operating modes non-boost as well as boost could be defined as, uu r u r V ' = B.V and
uu r V '= 1 4 V 1 u r .V ; for boost mode

(10)

3 uu u r r V ' =V ;

for non-boost mode

(11)

2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

137

LETTERS
Cap. Voltage (V)

uu r The length of the modified voltage vector V ' could be

3 with proper placement of shoot extended beyond 2 through time as (1)(6). Trajectory of the Modified space vector V for Z-Source inverter is shown in fig.2.
1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No. 6, November 2009

300 200 100 0 0 0.05 0.1 Time (s) 0.15 0.2

Current (A)

20 0 -20

m agnitude (v )

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1 0.12 Time (s)

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Figure 7. Simulation results of capacitor voltage and current through inductors of the z-source inverter

0.5

1 time (s)

1.5

2.5 x 10
4

Figure 5. Modulation signal of proposed MSVM algorithm

The modulation signal (Vref) for carrier wave comparison to generate pulses to the Power IGBTs by Modified Voltage Space Vector with modulation index=0.7 and shoot through = 0.2 is depicted in Fig.5. V. SIMULATION AND RESULTS The traditional modulation concepts and proposed control based implementation have been verified through simulation by Matlab / Simulink for three bridge-two level Z-Source inverters with 5kW load. System parameters for computer simulation is shown in Table-I and the results are shown in figures 6 through 8.

Figure 8. Experimental waveform of the inverter

switching

line

voltage

and

current

Figure 9. Prototype of z-source inverter

TABLE I SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR SIMULATIONS Parameter DC Supply m and f0 Switching frequency Shoot through C1=C2=C L1=L2=L
Output voltage (V) 200 0 -200 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 Time (s) 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

Specification 150 0.7 and 50 Hz 1000 0.2 1000 1

Unit V Hz F mH

VI. CONCLUSION This paper presents a Modified Space Vector to control the capacitor voltage (boost factor) of the z-source inverter to be operated beyond m = 3/2 with one degree of freedom. Simulations as well as experimental results are given to validate the algorithm. This presented model greatly improves the voltage boost and utilizes the DC link voltage effectively than classical SVPWM methods. REFERENCES
[1] Fang Zheng Peng, Z source inverter, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applications.,Vol 39, No 2,pp 504-510, March/April 2003. [2] Poh Chiang Loh, Mahintha Vilathgamuwa, Yue sen Lai, Geok Tin Chua and Yun wei Li, Pulse width modulation of z-source inverters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol 20, No. 6, pp 1346-1355, November 2005. [3] Quang-Vinh Tran, Tae-Won Chun, Jung-Ryol Ahn and Hong-Hee Lee, Algorithms for Controlling Both the DC Boost and AC output Voltage of Z-Source Inverter, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp2745-2750, October 2007. [4] Fang Zheng Peng, Xiamoing yuvan, Xupeng Fang and Zhaoiming Qian, Z-Source inverter for Motor drives, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp857-863, June 2005. [5] Keliang Zhou and Danwei Wang, Relationship between Space Vector Modulation and Three Phase Carrier based PWM: A Comprehensive Analysis IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp186-196, February 2002.

Output current (A)

20 0 -20 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 Time (s) 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

Figure 6. Simulation results of output voltage and current of the zsource inverter with output filter (cut-off frequency=1kHz)

Experimental verification using a three bridge-two level zsource inverter prototype (shown in fig.9) has been performed to validate the simulation results. The hardware inverter is controlled digitally using a Texas Instruments TMS320F240 digital signal processor (DSP) with composed C codes for generating the required references.

2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

138