MDM4U Lesson Assignment 19

In this assignment you are going to focus on: Dynamic Analysis of Two Variable Data with Uses and Misuse of
Data

Total Marks: 95 marks

Instructions:

After completing the lesson action section of your home page, you are ready to complete your lesson assignment. Follow
these steps.

a) In the textbox given, explain the strategy that you used to determine your answer.

b) Fill in your answer. The mark for each question is given at the introduction to the questions to be completed.

c) When finished answering all your questions, save your file and upload the file into the appropriate dropbox.

Part A (Putting the Concepts to Work): Completion (21 marks): Using your reading, answer the following
questions:
For each question you are asked to:
a) identify the information given in the question.
b) determine the appropriate formula.
c) substitute the values given into the formula and find the solution.
d) give the final answer.
e) as part of your answer, give the page number in the reference material or the website that you used to find the answer
to the question.

1. In a parachuting contest, the members of one team achieved the distances shown from the centre of the target
landing area.
Distance (m)
2.1
4.3
3.6
2.9
3.9
1.2
0.5
15.9
Identify which data appear to be outliers.(two marks)

A 0.5 m, 15.9 m C 15.9 m

B 0.5 m D None

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 1

2. The municipality of Charlesburg records an average daily water consumption of 998 L per household using an
unmetered distribution system. The town decides to install water meters at a rate of 100 households per
month. After six months, an analysis shows the line of best fit for the average consumption, C, per household,
versus the number of meters installed, n, has the equation . At a level of 300 meters,
consumption was 877 L per household. Determine the residual.(four marks)

A 888.3 L C 11.3 L
B 877 L D –11.3 L
3. Watermelons are sold at a grocery store. The scatter plot shows the total bill paid versus the number of
watermelons purchased. What is the most likely explanation for the shape of the graph?

(three marks)

A The linear correlation between number of C The linear correlation between number of
watermelons sold and total bill paid is 1. watermelons sold and total bill paid is 0.

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 2

 B There is no linear correlation between D There is a hidden variable, such as a
number of watermelons sold and total bill discount for larger purchases.
paid.
4. A newspaper reporter surveyed three customers of a fast food outlet at random. One of them reported that the
clerk had made an error in giving change during one of the visits to the outlet. The following month, another
three random customers were surveyed, and two of them reported incorrect change during a visit to the outlet.
The article title read “Math Errors Double in Retail Sector.” This evidence(three marks)

A suffers from sample size bias. C is highly accurate and should be acted on
by management.
B suffers from random sample bias. D shows that the writer of the article
understands scientific sampling
techniques.
5. Which statement concerning the graph of monthly sales is the most accurate?

(three marks)

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 3

 A Sales rebounded robustly after drop in first C Sales appear stagnant over last two
quarter. quarters.
B Sales for the second quarter show a D Sales show overall downward trend.
moderate steady rise.
6. Which headline is most likely to have been intended for a sensational purpose?(three marks)

A Accident rate in general aviation sector C Food bank visits drop after raise in
decreases by 1% for third straight month minimum wage
B Decrease in melanoma rate correlated with D Employment plummets after overly-
increased use of sunblock generous union contract
7. The graph shown accompanies a newspaper article. Why is the graph misleading?(three marks)

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 4

 A The vertical scale does not start at 0, C The title implies that the increase in wages
making the rise appear more dramatic. is unjustified.
B There is no indication whether there has D All of these.
been an adjustment for inflation.

Part B (Terminology): Matching (28 marks) Using your readings, match each term with the correct definition
provided. The name of the term is given in the table and the definitions are listed below. Match the name of the term
and the corresponding definition. As part of your answer, identify the sources of your information. Each question is
worth 2 marks. - one for the matching and one mark for your proof.

Match the correct term to each of the following descriptions. A term may be used more than once or not at
all.
A residual E contingency table
B outlier F hidden variable
C least squares line G correlation coefficient
D lemon
1. A data point that does not fit an otherwise clear trend.

2. A representation of data that is divided into two or more categories.

3. The difference between a data point’s actual dependent value and the dependent value predicted by the line of
best fit.

4. A line of best fit.

5. A variable that affects or obscures the relationship between two other variables.

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 5

 6. A term for an outlier in the automotive industry indicating a vehicle that needs many more repairs than
expected.

Match the correct term to each of the following descriptions. A term may be used more than once or not at
all.
A sampling bias E outlier bias
B sample size bias F language bias
C sensationalism bias G data selection bias
D vertical scale bias
7. Data presented using a tactic such as over-exaggeration to provoke an emotional response.

8. Inaccuracy produced when the sample is not a random sample of the entire population, but instead contains a
common characteristic.

9. Inaccuracy produced when the sample size is very small.

10. Inclusion of an outlier that distorts a trend.

11. Adjustment of the scale of a graph to produce a misleading impression.

12. Use of language intended to create a particular impression or opinion.

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 6

Part C (Putting the Concepts to Work): Completion ( 46 marks): Using your reading, answer the following
questions:
For each question you are asked to:
a) identify the information given in the question.
b) determine the appropriate formula.
c) substitute the values given into the formula and find the solution.
d) give the final answer.
e) as part of your answer, give the page number in the reference material or the website that you used to find the answer
to the question.

1. The municipality of Charlesburg records an average daily water consumption of 998 L per household using an
unmetered distribution system. The town decides to install water meters at a rate of 100 households per
month. After six months, an analysis shows the line of best fit for the average consumption, C, per household,
versus the number of meters installed, n, has the equation . What is the predicted
consumption per household after 1000 meters are installed?(five marks)

2. A chain of resorts in northern Ontario rents a total of 1000 rooms. The CEO of the chain suspects that the
number of rooms booked on a summer weekend is related to the cost of gasoline. The line of best fit for the
number of rooms rented, y, in hundreds, versus the cost of gasoline, x, in dollars per litre, appears to follow
the equation . The data show 780 bookings for a price of $1.35/L. What is the residual for
this datum?(five marks)

3. A consumer’s advocacy group would like to see automobile collision insurance premiums decreased. The
group has collected data on the percent of customers making claims versus time, as shown. Suggest a graph
that would promote support for the group’s agenda.(five marks)

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 7

 Year Customer Claims (%)
2008 5.6
2009 5.4
2010 5.3
2011 5.2
2012 5.0

4. The editor of a psychic column in a magazine asks readers to send an email if they have ever felt the presence
of a spirit in their homes. The editor writes a column based on 120 emails, of which 110 answer affirmatively.
Explain the bias behind the surprising numbers. How should the survey have been conducted?(four marks)

5. A radio station invited listeners living near wind turbines to report any health effects. The station received
five calls during the 15-min segment. All five callers reported health effects. What biases are present in this
situation?(three marks)

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 8

6. Research data on the number of computers per capita in various countries of the world. Show how a
newspaper could present the data in a way that misleads readers into believing that Canada is far behind other
countries.(five marks)

7. The table shows electricity generation in Ontario from different sources at a snapshot in time. Create a bar
graph of these data. Then, distort the data by changing the vertical scale to a logarithmic scale. Contrast the
relation between nuclear and gas sources on the two graphs.
Power Source Percent
Nuclear 58
Gas 26
Hydro 11
Wind 4
Other 1
(five marks)

3. A publishing company invests a large sum of money in a new format for their newspaper. The table shows
results of a survey of readership views on the new format. What conclusion should be drawn from the data?
How can the data be presented to mislead readers into believing that the new format is a huge success? (five
marks)
Reader Opinion Number
Strongly dislike 3
Dislike 4
No opinion 186
Like 5

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 9

 (five marks)
Strongly Like 2

4. A tabloid newspaper headline reads “27% of Americans between 18 and 24 years old Doubt Moon Landings.”
Should you believe that perhaps the moon landings did not occur? What factors might contribute to such a
high incidence of disbelief? What further information would you need before drawing a conclusion?(four
marks)

5. At a summer camp, a group of campers participate in a combined canoe race and portage carry. The times for
paddling 500 m and distances for a 5-min portage are recorded. The table shows the results for Junior,
Intermediate, and Senior campers. Create a scatter plot of portage distance versus canoe time. Then, use Class
as a legend attribute. What can be concluded from the plot with the legend attribute? Why does this make
sense?
Class Canoe Time (s) Portage Distance (m)
J 215 180
J 185 220
J 180 215
J 205 200
J 220 185
I 120 275
I 125 265
I 115 295
I 145 265
I 130 275
S 95 300
S 115 280
S 110 285

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 10

 S 100 295
S 105 300

(five marks)

MDM4U Lesson Assignment Page 11