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Designing Instructional Materials: 1. Prepare A Working Outline (A Syllabus)
Designing Instructional Materials: 1. Prepare A Working Outline (A Syllabus)
A summary from Rothwell and Kazanas (1999), Ch. 12 / for your directed study
Given that you know what the training gaps are, what tasks need to be trained, what the
work and learner characteristics are, you have a clear idea of the training content and
sequence, and you have clearly written training objectives, you have chosen an
instructional strategy. Now all you need is to select or create the instructional materials.
2. Conduct Research
Identify the materials that are inside the organization and outside it.
Identify if you need funding to develop the materials. Sometimes you need to sub
contract graphics, video, or educational materials productions. This is particularly the
case in distributed learning / training environments.
Identify knowledgeable people as to what they are familiar with as learning materials –
and see if they are open to innovations if you require them (example: role play at a
remote site via interactive television instead of role play in a classroom).
Consider that companies believe today that they can cut their training travel costs by 70%
if they use distributed training systems and learning content management systems.
Ask the knowledgeable people 3 questions:
1. Have you ever seen any procedure manuals, checklists, descriptive booklets or
training manuals on this subject?
2. Whom do you know in the organization who is especially knowledgeable about
this subject?
3. What department might have needed, in the past, to do special training on the
subject?
Check out your CBT notes to evaluate computer based training materials and designs (yes
you will need to evaluate them to see if they could fit your instructional strategy… not
every training program is built from the ground up, you can use existing materials or
“chunks” if they fit your strategy – this saves the client a lot of investment (potentially).
Materials that depend on delivery technologies of the day, remember, are very expensive
because the technologies get outdated quickly.
Expect to make minor revisions
Formatting ID Materials
Storyboarding helps you figure out a multimode program and sequence .. (all media and
personnel are sketched out).
Formatting Modules, guide sheets or web page design is critical for proper independent
learning / training materials. Refer to your EDER 677, 673, 679 classes.
Student manuals (online is good, but remember students do not like to have to download
them.. and reading online is not some learners’ favorite mode).
Instructor Materials: need to be clear and efficient, always referencing design
considerations (goals, sequence, evaluation…. Pacing). Lessons are the best way to
assure that the instruction can occur on design (but this takes a special instructor to use
them in a training session ).
Trainer Guides are very effective for group-oriented training. See page 251 for an
excellent training guide outline.
Tests should be chosen as you chose the instructional strategy – to match the learning
events and outcomes. Use performance tests for performance or skill training evaluation,
use other tests for cognitive knowledge acquisition testing. Remember that formative
tests and practice are essential to a good design – summative tests only give people an
exit grade, doing little to enhance their mastery.
Group Activities
Panel discussions (experts) can be a great addition to performance-based training – (high)
competencies and exemplars “meet the learners”.
Case studies work well as simulations of real world problem solving, and cases can
isolate specific learning constructs.