"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of

knowledge for either personal or professional reasons

• TO PROMOTE= To raise someone to a higher or more important position or rank.
• OVERTIME= Extra payment for working after the usual time. (time spent working) after
the usual time needed or expected in a job.
• FLEXIBLE= A flexible person or company can work in different ways, at different times,
or in different places when it is necessary.
• TO RAISE= An increase in the amount that you are paid for the work you do.
• SELF-EMPLOYED= People who do not work for an employer but find work for
themselves, or have their own business.
• DRESS CODE= A set of rules about clothing and appearance in a school or place of work.
• ENVIRONMENT=The conditions that you live or work in and the way that they
influence how you feel or how effectively you can work.
• PEER-PRESSURE=The pressure that you feel to behave in a certain way because your
friends or people in your group expect it.
"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
• EASYGOING=Relaxed and not easily upset or worried . for either personal or professional reasons
knowledge
"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
MAKE
Force (sb) to do sth.
(oblige/ obligate)
Make + Object + Verb (Without To)

My mother makes me
eat broccoli every day.
Make + Object + Verb (Without To)

The mom makes

Melisa tidy up her
bedroom at the end
of the afternoon
every day.
 Make + Object + Verb (Without To)

The shopkeeper made

Tommy hand out
the toy he had stolen
two days ago..
Give (sb) permission to do sth.
(Allow)
 Let + Object + Verb (Without To)

My mother will let me go

to the party this coming
Saturday.
Let + Object + Verb (Without To)

SEMCO doesn’t let

employees use the
office telephone
for personal calls.
 Let + Object + Verb (Without To)

Saleem won’t let his

child make
his own decisions.
ALLOW
Give (sb) permission to do sth.
(Permit)
Active form :
Allow + Object + to + Verb

My parents always
allow me to hang out
with my friends and
stay out late.
 Allow + Object + to + Verb

Mr. Williams wouldn’t

allow his son to
drive his car because
his son, Ben, is
careless.
 BE
ALLOWED
Have permission to do sth.
(Permit)
Passive form :
Be + allowed + to + verb

We are not allowed to

put posters on the
walls.
 Be + allowed + to + verb

We’re allowed to eat

as much fruit
as we like.
"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
TO DESCRIBE A SITUATION.
or something that causes the feelings
TO DESCRIBE SOMEONE´S FEELINGS.

"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of

knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
DAYANA’S JOB IS REALLY
TIRING.

DAYANA IS TOO TIRED

TONIGHT.
MANY PEOPLE FIND SPIDERS
FRIGHTENING.

ABRAHAM IS FRIGHTENED
OF SPIDERS.
"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
I READ A REALLY
INTERESTING BOOK
ABOUT HISTORY.

I AM INTERESTED IN
HISTORY.
"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
IT WAS SUCH A LONG,
BORING CONFERENCE.

I WAS REALLY BORED

DURING THE
CONFERENCE.
DEFINITION
1

"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of

knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
 Fernanda said
(that) she liked
Pablo very
much.

PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE

FERNANDA ANGE FIORELHA
 Mrs. Mitch told us
she was working
at a local college.
MRS. SHEENA MITCH

PRESENT CONT. = PAST CONT.

DONNA
CYNTHIA
 Jacob & Grace said
We haven’t lived
(that) they hadn’t lived
in Australia for
in Australia for long.
long.

PRESENT PERFECT = PAST PERFECT

Jacob & Grace
 I got my Jennifer told me she
master degree had gotten her
master degree the
last month.
previous month.

JENNIFER

LISA MELISSA

PAST SIMPLE = PAST PERFECT

 I will buy a My dad said (that) he
laptop for you would buy a laptop for
next week. me the following
week.

JOSEPH
RICHARD

FUTURE ¨WILL¨ = PTE.CONDITIONAL¨WOULD¨

 I can speak
four languages.

KIMBERLY

MICHELLE
JENNIFER

PRESENT ¨CAN¨ = PAST ¨COULD¨

 MODAL AUXILIARIES
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
WILL WOULD
CAN COULD
MUST/HAVE TO MUST/ HAD TO
MAY /MIGHT MIGHT
SHOULD SHOULD
OUGHT TO OUGHT TO
 TIME MARKERS/INDICATORS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
TODAY THAT DAY
NOW THEN/AT THE MOMENT/AT THE TIME
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE/THE PREVIOUS DAY
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY
TWO DAYS BEFORE
….DAYS AGO ….DAYS BEFORE
LAST WEEK/YEAR/MONTH THE WEEK BEFORE/THE PREVIOUS WEEK
NEXT YEAR THE FOLLOWING YEAR
TOMORROW THE NEXT DAY
THE FOLLOWING DAY
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW IN TWO DAY´S TIME
 TIME MARKERS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
TONIGHT THAT NIGHT
A YEAR AGO THE PREVIOUS YEAR /A YEAR BEFORE
THIS WEEK THAT WEEK
ON MONDAY ON MONDAY
AN HOUR AGO AN HOUR BEFORE/EARLIER
HERE THERE
THIS THAT
THESE THOSE
2

"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of

knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
 Evelyn
Reuben Maya
Maya

PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE

 Are you living
here in Bolivia?

Joseph Ethan Ethan

Arthur

PRESENT CONT. = PAST CONT.

 Have you ever been Scarkett asked me
to Mexico? if I had ever been
to Mexico.
Scarlett

Zachary
Jake
Jake

PRESENT PERFECT = PAST PERFECT

"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
 PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE
How often
Matthew asked me
do you play
how often I played
basketball?
basketball.

Jackson Matthew

Jackson
PAST SIMPLE = PAST PERFECT

Mason
Alfie Dexter Dexter
3

"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated“ pursuit of

knowledge for either personal or professional reasons
PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE
The agent ordered
us not to step the
grass.
 PRESENT SIMPLE = PAST SIMPLE
The teacher asked us to
Open your open our books.
books, please.

The teacher told Dayana

not to use her cellphone in
Don’t use your
class.
cellphone in
class!

The teacher asked us to

Pay attention,
pay attention.
please.
 PAST OBLIGATION

HAD TO DIDN’T HAVE TO

(Necessary) (Not necessary)
We had to go to bed at 9 o’clock when we were kids.
Ted had to attend the meeting yesterday.
Bersat didn’t have to buy another printer.
I didn’t have to pay the surgery.
 PAST PERMISSION
Permission

granted.

COULD/COULDN’T WAS/WERE ALLOWED TO

WASN’T/WEREN’T ALLOWED TO
They could go out at night when they were young.
I couldn't stay up late when I was a child.
Although I was underage, I was allowed to enter the race.
I wasn’t allowed to go to parties as a teenager.