10

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Agri-Fishery Arts
Agricultural Crop Production
Quarter 2 - Module 9
Performing Preventive and Treatment
Measures (1)

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education Agriculture and Fishery Arts
AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION
2
Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 10
Agri-Fishery Arts - Animal Production (Poultry Raising-Chicken)
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 9: Performing Preventive and Treatment Measures (1)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Division of Bukidnon

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3
 10
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Agri-Fishery Arts
Agricultural Crop Production
Quarter 2 - Module 9
Performing Preventive and
Treatment Measures (1)

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from public school to assist the facilitators
in serving the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal limitations as unique
individual.

We encourage educators and stakeholders to email their

feedback, commentaries, commendations to the Department of
Education at bukidnon@deped.gov.ph.

We greatly value your comments and recommendations.

1
Introductory Message
In the previous module you have learned about providing optimum
environment for growing chicks. In this module you will acquire valuable
knowledge on preventive and treatment measures of poultry. It covers the
identifying distress condition, recording and reporting distress condition and
administration of preventive and therapeutic measures of poultry-chickens
specifically on chicks.
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 10 Animal

Production (Poultry Raising-Chicken) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Performing Preventive and Treatment Measures (1)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from public schools to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the Learner and Parents:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 10 Animal

Production (Poultry Raising-Chicken) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Performing Preventive and Treatment Measures (1)!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is
often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that
you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success
lies in your own hands!
This module gives opportunity to develop learner skills in Perform
Effective Preventive and Treatment Measures in Poultry-Chicken Production
according to the standard operating procedures, techniques and knowledge on
Maintaining Growth of poultry-chicken.
This prepares them to move on to the next important skills for
development in producing poultry-chicken.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Copyright Page

Title Page

Introductory Message

Table of Contents

How to Learn from This Module

What I Need to Know

What I Know

Lesson 1: Determine and immediately report distress conditions of 1

poultry to authority or veterinarian

What I Need To Know 1

What I Know 3

What’s In 6

What’s New 6

What Is It 7

What’s More 17

What I Have Learned 18

What I Can Do 19

Assessment 19

Additional Activities 23

Lesson 2: Administer preventive measures according to veterinarian 24

recommendations and instructions
What I need to know 24

What I know 25

4
 What’s In 27

What’s New 28

What Is It 29

What’s More 38

What I Have Learned 39

What I Can Do 40

Assessment 40

Additional Activities 42

Answer Key

References

5
How to Learn from this module
To attain the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

 give time to read the lessons diligently;

 keep tract and follow the instructions in the activities carefully; and
 answer all the given tests and exercises.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity which
What I Can Do will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be

Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do

not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. This contains
the knowledge, skills and desirable attitude required to assists learners in the
scope of farm operation which include in maintaining growth of poultry-chicken
specifically that of Performing Preventive and Treatment Measures. The
scope of this module will allow facilitators and learners to use it in a diverse
learning situation. The language used recognizes the various comprehension
level of students. The activities are organized with respect to the standard
structure and sequence of the course to provide better understanding.

The module comprises the following lesson:

Lesson 1 – Determine and Immediately Report Distress Conditions of
Poultry to Authority or Veterinarian

Lesson 2 – Administer Preventive Measures According to Veterinarian

Recommendations and Instructions

1
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write the letter only on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not a causative agent of infectious disease?

a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. nutrient deficiency
d. Chlamydia

2. Which of the following is not a sign of Chronic Respiratory disease?

a. gasping, coughing, rattling of the windpipe
b. foamy exudates in the eyes
c. reduced feed consumption and lose of weight
d. watery and sticky discharge from the nostrils

3. How does an avian pest (New Castle Disease) can be treated?

a. isolation of infected birds from healthy birds
b. rigid sanitation
c. control mosquitoes by spraying with insecticides
d. Vaccination with MD vaccine

3. Which of the following signs describe Infectious Coryza?

a. swelling of the face and wattles
b. hoarse chirping
c. black wart-like nodules on the skin of the face
d. paralysis of one or both legs

2
 4. Which of the following signs describe Infectious Coryza?
a. swelling of the face and wattles
b. hoarse chirping
c. black wart-like nodules on the skin of the face
d. paralysis of one or both legs

5. Which of the following items is the very common sign of heat stress
of chicken?
a. lifting wings away from the body
b. pale combs/wattles
c. rapid panting
d. diarrhea

6. What is the causal organism of Coccidiosis?

a. Eimeria species
b. Virus
c. Bacterial organisms
d. Mosquitoes

7. Which of the following is an effective treatment for Infectious

Coryza?
a. broad spectrum antibiotics applied in feeds and water
b. vitamin d and extra phosphorous
c. no effective treatment against the disease
d. vaccination

9. Which of the following is an efficient way to eliminate infectious

organisms from the farm?
a. partial depopulation
b. compartment depopulation
c. complete depopulation
d. cage depopulation

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10. How are you going to hasten the adaptive efficiency of chickens to
discharge infection?

a. deprive the birds of feed and water

b. expose the birds to inclement weather
c. expose them to extreme temperature
d. use-antibiotic-vitamin-mineral supplements

11. What type of vaccine could be administered to a 26 – 28 day old birds?

a. fowl pox vaccine
b. ncd vaccine
c. md vaccine
d. nicotine sulfate
12. When is the best time to administer the Fowl Pox vaccine?
a. birds are 8 – 10 days old
b. birds are 11 – 20 days old
c. birds are 21 – 24 days old
d. birds are 26 – 28 days old

13. Which of the following vaccination should not be included to prevent

disease outbreak?
a. 8 – 10 days NCD
b. 11 – 20 days NCD
c. 21 – 24 days NCD
d. 26 – 28 days NCD

14. How does the In-ovo vaccination being administered to the birds?
a. through the embryo before hatch
b. through the breast muscle
c. through skin of the bird
d. through the follicle of the bird

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 15. What is the most important thing to do when diseases start in a flock?
a. Dress all birds affected with the disease
b. Let the disease attack the flock
c. Market all your flocks
d. Prevent the disease from spreading

If your answers are all correct, very good! This shows that you already
know much about the topic. You may still study the module to review what you
have already known. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as
well.

If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module is for
you. It will help you understand important concepts that you can apply in your
daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will get the answers to all the
items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?

You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson

5
 Determine and Immediately
Lesson
Report Distress Conditions of
1 Poultry to Authority or
Veterinarian

Welcome to lesson 1! This lesson is good for two days. You may skip
some of its activity if you find it easy and if you already understand it, if not try
to study and undergo all the activities. Enjoy learning!

What I Need to Know

The previous lessons have provided you with the knowledge, skills and
desirable attitude about providing optimum environment for growing chicks
such as lighting program, ventilation and curtain management, application of
bio-security measures and DENR regulations and procedures in disposal of
wastes. In this module you will be enlightened with the concepts and related
skills and attitude of some poultry parasites and diseases and distress condition
as well as their prevention and therapeutic measures. This is not just to achieve
quality and acceptable product but as well minimize losses during harvesting
and to bear in mind for the learners and potential poultry raisers that diseases
should not be considered as ultimate hindrance in raising poultry since disease
can be prevented and controlled if they have the proper knowledge and skills
in doing so.

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to;

1. Define what is disease and stress

2. familiarize the distress condition and disease-causing agents of poultry
3. administer preventive measures against disease of poultry

1
Terminologies

As you wish to venture into animal production as a career, you should

familiarize yourself with the common terminologies that come across in the
process.

Coccidiosis infestation with or disease caused by coccidia

Disease an illness that affects a person, animal or plant
Disinfect to clean especially by using a chemical substance that kills all
germs and bacteria
Hygiene a science of the establishment and maintenance of health
Insulation the quality or state of being insulated
Mycotoxin a toxic substance produced by a fungus and especially a mold
Quarantine the situation of being kept away from others to prevent a disease
from spreading
Stress something that causes strong feelings of worry or anxiety
Susceptible easily affected, influenced or harmed by something
Ventilation a system or means of providing fresh air

2
 What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write the letter only on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not a sign of Chronic Respiratory disease?

a. gasping, coughing, rattling of the windpipe
b. foamy exudates in the eyes
c. reduced feed consumption and lose of weight
d. watery and sticky discharge from the nostrils

2. Which of the following is an effective treatment for Infectious Coryza?

a. broad spectrum antibiotics applied in feeds and water
b. vitamin d and extra phosphorous
c. no effective treatment against the disease
d. vaccination

3. Which of the following is not a causative agent of infectious disease?

a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. nutrient deficiency
d. chlamydia

4. Which of the following is the very common sign of heat stress of

chicken?
a. lifting wings away from the body
b. pale combs/wattles
c. rapid panting
d. diarrhea

3
5. What is the thermal-neutral zone of poultry (chicken)?
a. 24 – 26oC
b. 25 – 28oC
c. 29 – 30oC
d. 18 – 22oC

6. Which of the following is used to treat the wet form fowl pox?
a. application of iodine tincture
b. removal of the wart-like growth in the throat
c. broad spectrum antibiotics
d. vaccination

7. How does an avian pest (New Castle Disease) can be treated?

a. isolation of infected birds from healthy birds
b. rigid sanitation
c. control mosquitoes by spraying with insecticides
d. vaccination

8. Which of the following signs describe Infectious Coryza?

a. swelling of the face and wattles
b. hoarse chirping
c. black wart-like nodules on the skin of the face
d. paralysis of one or both legs

9. What is the causal organism of Coccidiosis?

a. Eimeria species
b. virus
c. bacterial organisms
d. mosquitoes

4
10. Which of the following causes Scaly Legs of poultry?
a. roundworm
b. lice
c. tapeworm
d. mites

11. It is a condition which causes high/increases body temperature of

chicken?
a. physiological stress
b. social stress
c. heat stress
d. cold stress

12. Over-crowding is the common cause of ________.

a. physiological stress
b. social stress
c. heat stress
d. cold stress

13. It is a condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the

cells, tissues, organs and the whole body systems
a. disease
b. health
c. stress
d. vaccination

14. Vertical transmission is a type of direct transmission of disease in

which the disease can be spread by ___________.
a. one bird to another
b. vehicles
c. parents to offspring
d. food or water

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 15. It is a non-infectious disease that is characterized by paralysis with
thin brittle bones
a. gumboro
b. scaly leg
c. avian malaria
d. cage layer fatigue

What’s In

In this lesson we are going to find the importance of identifying threats

to poultry to attain the desired outcome from the previous lesson, which tackles
about providing optimum environment for birds. But for you to be able to provide
properly the optimum environment activities and requirement for birds, the
poultry distress conditions will be discussed in this lesson.

What’s New

Importance of Poultry Production

Poultry production is an essential and diverse component since egg and

meat are a part of diet and well-being for the growing population of the whole
world. In the Philippines today chicken broiler and egg production are the most
progressive animal enterprise. The development of poultry industry has been
remarkable but its problems include ineffective management and the
occurrence of many destructive poultry diseases and parasites cannot be
ignored.

Now that you have read the importance of Poultry production, let us go
deeper with how poultry farmers work in the poultry farm in order to sustain its
production

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 What is It

Stress
Declination from this homeostatic condition or any factors causing
disruptions to animal homeostasis, their stable internal balance is called stress.

It is also used to describe the detrimental effects of variety of factors on

the health and performance of poultry

Birds have limited body (temperatures) resources for growth,

reproduction, response to environmental changes and defense mechanism.

Common Causes of Poultry Stress:

1. Climatic/Temperature Stress – heat and cold

Chickens have body temperature of 410 C and aim to maintain this
temperature within thermo-neutral zone (TNZ) between 18 and 22 0C.
Chickens must be kept within this temperature range, so that they will
not have to spend energy on maintaining constant body temperature

Heat stress - is an illness in chickens (and other poultry) caused by

high temperatures
- One of the most significant causes of poultry stress.

Signs and symptoms:

a. Rapid panting - is the very common sign of heat stress of chicken

b. pale combs/wattles
c. Lifting wings away from body
d. Lethargy
e. Diarrhea
f. Seizures/convulsions

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Cold Stress

Define as a condition when skin temperature drop under internal core

temperature where body cannot generate heat by metabolism.

Also known as cold shock, huddling and piling in poultry.

2. Environmental – includes air, light and litter (bedding) quality.

Inadequate ventilation results to poor air quality (high levels of CO2 and
ammonia) heat build–up which will stress the bird
Chickens in deep–litter are in constant contact with their bedding and
the condition of the litter will affect the bird’s comfort and wellbeing.
Artificial lighting (duration) and light intensity are “foreign” to chickens
and can place the bird under stress if not managed correctly

3. Physiological Stress – includes rapid growth, high egg production,

process of sexual maturing, molting.

Activities during breeding and laying an egg are stressful, especially with
the first period of maturity for either sex
Mortalities due to diseases like Mareks occur right before and after
sexual maturity due to the stress that these activities happens on the bird

4. Social Stress - over- crowding, various age/size and grouping

Over-crowding of chickens due to the incorrect or improper house lay-
out will also result to stress

5. Physical Stress – includes catching, handling and transport

Hard handling of chickens during vaccination, weighing, transfer,
harvest and transportation will all contribute towards stressing the bird.

6. Pathological Stress –
Exposure to contagious organisms is a common cause of stress.

8
 Persistence of subclinical and infections due to poor biosecurity ad
sanitation leads to extreme activation of the chickens immune system
will result into a condition called as immunological stress.

Disease
Define as any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of
the cells, tissues, organs and the whole body systems. Diseases of poultry
have many causes and include:

1. Insufficiency of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals or other

nutrients.
2. The ingestion of toxic substances such as poisons.
3. Physical impairment e.g. environmental extremes and injury.
4. Infestations of internal and external parasite such as lice and worms.

Health
It is the overall condition of an animal at a given time. Disease causes
this condition to be weakened. This will lead to poor production, cheap quality
of the affected animals and could result to the death/loss of one or all birds in
the flock.

Disease can be categorized into:

a. Non– infectious diseases – disease that is a result from nutrient
deficiencies and consumption of toxic substances

b. Infectious disease - caused by microorganisms including

parasites, fungi, protozoa, mycoplasmas, chlamydia and viruses.
Called as contagious disease since they can be passed form one
bird to another either directly or indirectly

Modes of Transmission
Diseases can be spread by:
1. Direct Transmission. Happens when a diseased bird passes the cause
of the disease thru direct contact to an exposed healthy bird. Such
passage may be horizontal transmission (one bird to another) or
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 vertical transmission (parent
to offspring) thru the egg or
sperm either inside the egg or
on the shell.

2. Indirect Transmission.
Happens when the causal
organism is passed from one
bird to another thru intermediate host such as insects, earthworm’s
snails or slugs, wild birds or animals or some other object such as
equipment, food or water, vehicles, people, respiratory droplets, litter or
feces.

Sick birds or
carcasses People through
Contaminated feed of infected
bags, egg flats, footwear and
birds clothing
litter material

Pests, Wild
Poultry
rodents,
farm birds
flies,
stray animals,

Day old chicks Contaminated

infected in the vehicles and
hatchery or from Impurity in
equipment
breeders feeds
water and
air
air

10
Common Poultry Diseases

1. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
These are diseases that can be
transmitted to other stocks via direct contact,
air, and mechanical means and even by farm
visitor. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa,
internal and external parasites are the
causative pathogens of these disease.

a. Avian Pest (New Castle Disease)

Causal Organism  Virus
 Direct contact with the nasal and mouth discharges
of infected birds
 Airborne transmission
Transmission
 Through mechanical means like being carried by
birds, predators
 Contaminated clothes and shoes of farm visitors
 Sharp drop in feed intake, decrease in egg
production
 Gasping, coughing, rattling of the windpipe, hoarse
chirping, paralysis, walking backward and circling in
Signs and Symptoms
the young birds
 For adults, coughing, occasional paralysis, abrupt
drop in egg production, soft-shelled eggs and
greenish watery diarrhea
 Vaccination (consult a veterinarian)

Prevention  Disinfect all watering and feeding equipment

 Isolate infected birds from healthy ones
Treatment  No known Treatment

11
b. Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD).

Causal Organism  Bacteria (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)

 CRD organisms is egg-borne; contracted exposure
Transmission to infected flock
 Airborne transmission
 Tracheal rales, sneezing, coughing watery or sticky
discharge from the nostrils
Signs  Foamy exudates in the eyes
 Reduce feed consumption and loss of weight
 Rapid spread, decrease egg production
Prevention  Rigid sanitation
 Broad spectrum antibiotics, either by injection or
Treatment
mixed with the feeds or drinking water

c. Fowl Pox

Causal Organism  Virus

 Spread by mosquitoes that feed on pox-infected
birds; direcr contact,
Transmission
 mechanically transmitted by visitors, wild birds and
predators
There are two forms
 Dry form – characterized by the formation of black
wart-like nodules on the skin of the face, in the
Signs
region of the comb, wattles and around the eyes,
causing the latter to swell and close. There is
usually profuse eye discharge

12
  Wet form - characterized by the presence of
whitish-yellow growth of the pharynx, larynx and
windpipe, hence there is difficulty in breathing which
will result in death due to suffocation
 Vaccination with fowl pox vaccine
Prevention
 Control mosquitoes by spraying with insecticides
Treatment  No known effective Treatment but for wet form the
removal of the wart-like growth in the throat usually
leads to recovery. In the dry form, the early
applications of tincture of iodine directly on the wart-
like growth has been found to give beneficial benefits

d. Infectious Coryza (colds or sipon)

Causal Organism  Bacterial organisms
 Through the air, direct contact through
contamination of the feed, water equipment
Transmission
 Sudden change in the temperature
 Unsanitary housing conditions
 Swelling of the face and wattles and discharge from
the nostrils, which at first is watery becomes sticky
Signs and with foul odor as the disease progresses
 Feed intake decreases
 Egg production decreases
 Strict sanitation of the farm
Prevention  Immediate isolation of sick birds
 Control mosquitoes by spraying with insecticides
Treatment  Broad spectrum antibiotics applied in the feed and
water and sulfa preparation

e. Mareks Disease
Causal Organism  Virus
 exposure to infected birds to environment with
Transmission
existing virus, poultry nests and feeders

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  initial symptoms are legs weakness and paralysis of
one or both legs
 birds tends to rest on their breast with one leg
Signs extended and the other backward
 hardly reach the feeders and waterers resulting in
dehydration and emaciation which finally causes
death
 Vaccination with MD vaccine, the most commonly
Prevention
used is the so–called Herpes Virus of Turkey
Treatment  No known treatment

f. Coccidiosis
Causal Organism  Microscopic organisms called Coccidia (Eimeria
species) which attack the digestive system. Usually
occurs in chicks below three months of age.
 When birds pick up or swallow the coccidial
organisms
Transmission
 Contaminated feed and water
 Indirect contact through flies, human beings
 Tendency to huddle together in a corner

Signs  Decrease of feed and water intake and poor weight

gain
 Incorporation of coccidialstats in the feeds or
Prevention
drinking water. Use of sulfa drugs.
Treatment  No known treatment

2. NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASE

a. Cage Layer Fatigue

This disease is characterized by paralysis with thin brittle bones.

It happens in high producing commercial layers kept in cages.

14
 It is associated with deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the diet.
Treatment with vitamin d and extra phosphorus may be helpful

b. Scaly Leg

Cause by burrowing mites under the scales of the poultry’s leg and feet.

Shanks of the affected birds enlarged and roughened and in serious

cases it becomes lame.

Disease may be treated by brushing off the crust after soaking the legs
in soapsuds and coating of the clean portion with creolized Vaseline.
Another effective treatment is dipping the legs with kerosene and
coconut oil mixture of 1:1 proportion.

OTHER COMMON POULTRY DISEASE

1. INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO)

 A very transmissible viral infection which increases mortality and
reduce growth rate in chicks from two to six weeks of age.

2. AVIAN MALARIA
 An avian blood stream infection caused by protozoa in humid
areas which is spread by mosquitoes
 described by chickens dropping their heads and frequent chilling
 it reduces egg production and eventually results in mortality
 maintained cleanliness through proper drainage will eliminate the
growth of the mosquito carriers to prevent the diseases

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PARASITES THAT INFEST

POULTRY

1. Internal Parasites
15
a. Intestinal worms – young
birds that are affected with
intestinal worms
became very thin, dull and
sleepy. Most common
intestinal worms include:
 Roundworm – are long,
cylindrical and vary in
size from a centimeter or
less to more than ten
centimeters in length.
 Tapeworm – are long, flat and segmented

2. External Parasites

a. Lice

- does not cause serious harm to adult fowls except when they
heavily affected
- laying flocks severely infested with lice will not lay eggs regularly
- sodium fluoride an insect powder may be sprinkled underneath
the feathers to kill the lice
- Application of Nicotine sulfate solution in the upper surface of
the roost will also keep the flock free from lice

b. Mites
- Mites disturbed layers. Young chicks infested by mites loses
vigor and vitality and emaciated
- Clean and dry surroundings, good ventilation and sufficient
sunlight are good and effective preventive measures against
mites
- A nest that is badly infested with mites must be burned and roost,
nest and walls of the house should be painted with nicotine
sulfate solution to control mites.

16
 What’s More

Let’s find out how much you have learned.

Activity 3
DIRECTION: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and wite FALSE
if it is wrong. Write your answer on your test notebook.
1. Stress is any factors causing disruptions to animal’s stable internal
balance

2. Diarrhea is the very common sign of heat stress of chicken.

3. Non-infectious disease is a result from nutrient deficiencies and

consumption of toxic substances.
4. Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the causal organism of Chronic
Respiratory Disease.
5. Avian malaria is a bacterial infection of the chicken’s blood stream
which is spread by mosquitoes.
6. Young birds that are affected with intestinal worms became very
thin, dull and sleepy
7. Sodium Fluoride an insect powder use to kill chicken lice.
8. GUMBORO is a highly contagious protozoan infection which
increases mortality and reduces growth rate in chicks from two to
six weeks of age.
9. Pathological stress is caused by harsh handling of chickens
during vaccination, weighing and transportation
10. Cold stress is also called cold shock, huddling and piling in
poultry.

17
 What I Have Learned.
Let’s see what you have learned! This will determine how much you
know about the topic that we have discussed.
Activity 4
MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with the correct description in Column B.
Write your answer on your test notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Coccidia A. Mycoplasma gallisepticum

2. Mareks disease B. coughing & rattling of the windpipe

3. Infectious coryza C. rapid panting

4. Wet Form Fowl Pox D. weak legs

5. Dry Form Fowl Pox E. one bird to another

6. Chronic Respiratory Disease F. parents to offspring

7. Avian Pest (New Castle
G. colds or sipon
Disease)
8. Horizontal transmission H. black wart-like nodules

9. Vertical transmission I. whitish yellow growth of the larynx

10. Heat stress J. Eimeria species

It is important to identify symptoms of poultry stress, parasites and

diseases in the early stages possible to prevent dangerous health problems
from occurring among poultry. Production levels increase exponentially in the
absence of poultry stress, parasites and diseases.

18
 What I Can Do

Direction: Do the following task

Activity 5
Catch at least 5 chickens in your backyard. Write down the diseases
and distress condition present in each chicken.

Activity 6
In a short bond paper, write a jingle/saying pertaining to infectious
disease of poultry.

Lesson 1 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the statement. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the thermal-neutral zone of poultry (chicken)?
a. 24 – 26oC
b. 25 – 28oC
c. 29 – 30oC
d. 18 – 22oC

2. Which of the following is the very common sign of heat stress of

chicken?
a. lifting wings away from the body
b. pale combs/wattles
c. rapid panting
d. diarrhea

19
3. Which of the following is an effective treatment for Infectious Coryza?
a. broad spectrum antibiotics applied in feeds and water
b. vitamin d and extra phosphorous
c. no effective treatment against the disease
d. vaccination

4. Vertical transmission is a type of direct transmission of disease in

which the disease can be spread by ___________.
a. one bird to another
b. vehicles
c. parents to offspring
d. food or water

5. Over-crowding is the common cause of ________.

a. physiological stress
b. social stress
c. heat stress
d. cold stress

6. Which of the following is not a causative agent of infectious disease?

a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. nutrient deficiency
d. Chlamydia

7. What is the causal organism of Coccidiosis?

a. Eimeria species
b. virus
c. bacterial organisms
d. mosquitoes

8. Which of the following is not a sign of Chronic Respiratory disease?

a. gasping, coughing, rattling of the windpipe
b. foamy exudates in the eyes

20
 c. reduced feed consumption and lose of weight
d. watery and sticky discharge from the nostrils

9. Which of the following is used to treat the wet form fowl pox?
a. application of iodine tincture
b. removal of the wart-like growth in the throat
c. broad spectrum antibiotics
d. vaccination

10. It is a condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the

cells, tissues, organs and the whole body systems
a. disease
b. health
c. stress
d. vaccination

11. It is a non-infectious disease that is characterized by paralysis with

thin brittle bones
a. GUMBORO
b. scaly leg
c. avian malaria
d. cage layer fatigue

12. How does an avian pest (New Castle Disease) can be treated?
a. isolation of infected birds from healthy birds
b. rigid sanitation
c. control mosquitoes by spraying with insecticides
d. vaccination

21
13. It is a condition which causes high/increased body temperature of
chicken?

a. Physiological stress
b. Social stress
c. Heat stress
d. Cold stress

14. Which of the following causes Scaly Legs of poultry?

a. Roundworm
b. Lice
c. Tapeworm
d. Mites

15. Which of the following signs describe Infectious Coryza?

a. Swelling of the face and wattles

b. Hoarse chirping
c. Black wart-like nodules on the skin of the face
d. Paralysis of one or both legs

22
 Additional Activities

Activity 5
Direction: Complete the radical venn diagram by filling it up with the mode
of entry of disease on poultry farm. Put your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

23
 Administer Preventive
Lesson Measures According To

2 Veterinarian
Recommendations And
Instructions
Welcome to lesson 2! This lesson is good for two days. You may skip
some of its activity if you find it easy and if you already understand it, if not try
to study and undergo all the activities. Enjoy learning!

What I Need to Know

The lesson will equip you with the knowledge, skills and attitude in proper
harvesting of vegetable crops. It also includes the principles of TLC, good
practices during harvesting, tools and materials for harvesting, methods of
harvesting and ways in reducing damage to produce.

Poultry Terminologies
As you wish to venture into animal production as a career, you should
familiarize yourself with the common terminologies that come across in the
process.
Cloaca common chamber into which the intestinal and urogenital tracts
discharge especially in birds
Flock a group of animals such as birds assembled or herded together
Follicle a tiny hole in the skin from which a hair grows
Hatchery a place where people raise young chicken from eggs
Hunced to bend your body forward and down so that your back is
rounded
Isolation the state from being in a place or situation that is separate from
others
Litter dry material that is spread in a container and used as a toilet by
animals.
Potency the strength of effectiveness of something

24
Quarantine the situation of being kept away from others to prevent a
disease from spreading
Stock a supply of something that is available of use
Stack a usually neat pile; a group of things that are put one on top of
the other.

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write the letter only on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is not a good practice of hygiene?

a. thorough cleaning of poultry houses and equipment after removing
each flock
b. use of foot baths at the entry to each house
c. removal of all dead birds daily and disposing them in a
recommended manner
d. use of dirty litter material after washing the shed and re-use litter
2. Which of the following vaccination should not be included to prevent
disease outbreak?
a. 8 – 10 days NCD
b. 11 – 20 days NCD
c. 21 – 24 days NCD
d. 26 – 28 days NCD

3. How are you going to hasten the adaptive efficiency of chickens to

discharge infection?
a. deprive the birds of feed and water
b. expose the birds to inclement weather
c. expose them to extreme temperature
d. use-antibiotic-vitamin-mineral supplements

4. When is the best time to administer the Fowl Pox vaccine?

a. birds are 8 – 10 days old

25
 b. birds are 11 – 20 days old
c. birds are 21 – 24 days old
d. birds are 26 – 28 days old

5. To prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, construct poultry

houses that will provide adequate ventilation and facilitate cleaning,
disinfection and maintenance of ____________.
a. sanitary conditions
b. vaccination facilities
c. medication supplies
d. utilities

6. How does the In-ovo vaccination being administered to the birds?

a. through the embryo before hatch
b. through the breast muscle
c. through skin of the bird
d. through the follicle of the bird

7. Which of the following is not a principle of poultry health management?

a. prevention of disease
b. early recognition of disease
c. early treatment of disease
d. construction of poultry houses

8. Which of the following is an efficient way to eliminate infectious organisms

from the farm?
a. partial depopulation
b. compartment depopulation
c. complete depopulation
d. cage depopulation

9. What type of vaccine could be administered to a 26 – 28 day old birds?

a. fowl pox vaccine
b. ncd vaccine

26
 c. md vaccine
d. nicotine sulfate

10. What is the most important thing to do when diseases start in a flock?
a. dress all birds affected with the disease
b. let the disease attack the flock
c. market all your flocks
d. prevent the disease from spreading

If your answers are all correct, very good! This shows that you already
know much about the topic. You may still study the module to review what you
have already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module is for
you. It will help you understand important concepts that you can apply in your
daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will get the answers to all the
items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?
You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson 2.

What’s In

Let’s try this!

Activity 1
Direction: Assess the preventive measures shown in the picture.

1.__________________________ 2.__________________________

27
https://www. alamy.com https://www.fwi.co.uk

3. _______________________ 4. _______________________

http://bountyfreshfreerange.blospot.com agritech.tnau.ac.in

What’s New

Let’s try this!

Activity 2
Direction: Analyze and say something about the pictures.
1. Describe the two picture what they are doing? Do you know how to
vaccinate your birds properly? What preparations you have made to the
vaccination effective?

28
https://aaes.uark.edu https://thepoultrysite.com

Now as we proceed with our lesson we will discover all of the images
you try to describe

What is It

Disease Prevention and Management of Poultry

The foremost thing to do to stop the disease from spreading is to act
quickly when diseases start in a flock . It is only through immediate action and
care that damages of poultry diseases may be reduced to the minimum.
Precautionary measures should be undertaken quickly and whenever possible,
treatment should begin at once
To protect the flock against disease forming a routinary preventive
measures will help, after providing a clean and hygienic environment through
good poultry farming practices. Preventative measures include:

1. Vaccination
In the health management of the poultry flock vaccination plays
an important role, it aids in preventing disease by boosting the
bird’s immune system by enhancing the immune response when
the bird is exposed to pathogen (or disease-causing organism)

29
Types of Vaccine

a. Live vaccine – the live organism is the active part of the vaccine that causes
the disease. It causes the disease in birds that have not had
previous contact with the organism. And in many cases
vaccinated birds are able to infect non-vaccinated birds if
housed together.

b. Attenuated vaccine – the organism has been weakened by a special

procedures to lose its ability to cause the serious
form of the disease, however still have the ability to
trigger the immune system to produce antibodies.

c. Killed vaccine – the organism has been killed in this type of vaccine
and incapable to cause disease, whereas the ability to
activate immune system remains. In many cases, this
type of vaccine produces weaker level of immunity
compared to that produced by live and attenuated
vaccines

Vaccine production
Vaccines are produced mainly in three forms:

1. Liquid vaccine – produced in fluid form and ready to use

2. Freeze dried vaccine – it is kept as one pack of freeze dried
material and one pack of diluent, usually a sterile
saline solution. And need to combine before use.
3. Dust – prepared for administration in the dry form.

Vaccination Procedures
Vaccines may be to poultry in a number of ways and correct method of
administration is important for each vaccine. This includes the:

30
a. In-ovo vaccination

 The vaccine is applied into the embryo before hatch,

specifically into five areas of the egg; the air cell, the
allantoic sac, the amniotic fluid, the body of embryo and the
yolk sac
 In ovo vaccination is usually administered between 18-19
days of incubation.

b. Intramuscular injection
 The vaccine is introduced into the muscle (breast muscle)
of the bird using a hypodermic needle

c. Subcutaneous injection
 Uses the same equipment used in administering vaccine in
intramuscular method the difference is that the vaccine is
injected under the skin at he back of the birds neck and not
in the muscle.

d. Ocular

 the vaccine is dropped into one of the bireds eyes with the
use of an eyedropper. From the eyes it makes its way into
the respiratory tract via the lacrimal duct.

e. Nasal
 the vaccine in this method is being introduced in the nostrils
of the bird either as dust or as a drop

f. Oral - With this method the vaccine dose is given in the mouth.
g. Cloacal
 An abrasive applicator is use in the introduction of vaccine
in the cloacal mucus membrane. The applicator is inserted
first into the vaccine, then into the cloaca of the bird and to
cause abrasion the apllicator is then turned and twisted
vigorously, and through the abrasion the vaccine enters the
body of the bird.

31
h. Feather follicle

 The vaccine is introduced into the holes in the skin from

where the feathers grow or feather follicles.
 This vaccination method involves removal of a group of
adjacent feathers or fluff in young chickens, and brushing
of the vaccine with a short stiff bristled brush into the empty
follicles.
i. Wing stab
 A special needle is used in introducing the vaccine into the
wing of the bird. The needle has a groove and when
immersed into the vaccine some of the vaccine remains on
the needle to fill the groove. Needles are then pushed thru
the web just behind the leading edge of the wing.

j. Spray
 An atomiser spray is used to spray the vaccine onto the
chickens or into the air above the chickens the vaccine will
then drop onto the chickens and enters the body of other
chickens as they pick at the shiny droplets of vaccine and
may inhale a small quantity as well.
http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/vaccination/

Table 1. Sample Vaccination Program

Stage Kind of Method of Notes/Remarks
or Age vaccine administration
of birds
Chicks can be vaccinated as
NCD or
8-10 early as 3 days of age if
Avian Pest Intranasal
days coming from unvaccinated
Vaccine
parents
could not be given to zones
21-24 Fowl Pox
Wing Web where the disease is not
days Vaccine
common
Chick protection 10-14 after
26-28 NCD Intranasal or
vaccination. Revaccinate if
days Vaccine Intramuscular
protection is low

32
 Note: Follow manufacturer’s recommendation or consult veterinarian
for a successful vaccination practice

Key to Effective Vaccination

a. The efficiency of the vaccine used and/or its capability to control a
strain of disease
b. Vaccine handling and storage techniques during travel and on the
farm
c. The use of the suggested application method.
d. The observance and compliance to the suggested program
(http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/)

2. Parasite Control. Birds will have larger exposure to internal and external
parasites if they have access to pastures or outdoor areas and housed on the
floor. Control parasites by:

 regular inspection for external parasites

 if lice or mites is noticeable spraying or dusting birds thoroughly

with an approved insecticide - the shed, perches and nests must

be sprayed thoroughly, making sure the insecticide gets into
crevices

 prevent worms by cleaning sheds and rotating ranges

 faecal material must be check regularly for any sign of worms

 label of worming treatments must be check always for withholding

periods as some are not appropriate for production birds

 consult a veterinarian.

3. Remove Sick Birds. Observe the birds regularly for any signs of health
problems such as feather pecking. Remove sick birds from the main flock
and secure a diagnosis from a qualified person. Sick birds usually look
different from healthy birds.

33
 A healthy bird will:
 Be Alive and alert.
 Be regular size/weight for the strain, age and sex.
 Have no leg injury or paralysis.
 No abnormalities.
 No discharges from the nostrils or eyes.
 No stained feathers around the vent.
 No swellings.
 Good plumage related to moulting or laying eggs.

A sick bird usually show the following signs:

 Isolation – sick animals stay on a quiet place out of the way of

others.
 Deformed posture – sick birds usually have a deformed posture with

ruffled feathers and eyes partially closed.

 Diarrhea – usually manifested by stained feathers in the vent region.

 Lameness – of the leg(s), wing(s) or neck.

 Sneezing and/or coughing; there is nasal discharge.

 Blood in the faeces.

 Lumping – of the joints.

 Injuries.

 Weight loss – this is noticeable if the condition is a chronic one e.g.

Marek’s Disease.
 Unexpected changes to the food and water consumption –first

common signs of illness.

 Sluggish growth or a decrease in egg production.

(http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/)

4. Quarantine. The principle need is to manage and sustain control over the
means of entry by disease causing organisms. These may enter by several
routes:

34
  Poultry - lowest risk method of restocking a poultry farm is introducing
a day old chickens as a new stock. Older birds are possibly to be
diseased or disease carriers, even if not showing signs.

 Wild birds/other animals – if the farms are close enough wild birds or
other animals will possibly fly or move from one poultry to another and
often carry the cause of disease. A suitable distance between farms with
a minimum of 5 km is recommended to prevent this.

 Wind – insects and dust may also carry the causal organisms of
infectious diseases and carried on the wind from infected to clean farms

 People and vehicles – Entry should only be given to essential visitors

and people and vehicles should enter only through a disinfectant wash
facility and visitors through a shower/change facility

 Used equipment – do not allow a used equipment to enter to a

poultry farm.

 Food and water – a diseased birds that eats or drinks from a trough can
contaminate the food and water

 Flies and rodents – population of all fly and rodent should be controlled
since they can carry disease causing organisms and transfer it to the
flock.

5. Hygiene. If good hygiene is practiced microorganisms will be all killed,

including those that cause disease, so good hygiene practices is essential to
poultry health management.

Good hygiene practices include:

 The thorough cleaning of poultry houses and equipment after every
flock has been removed.

 The practice of vehicle disinfection and wash facilities.

35
  The setting up of foot baths at the entry to each house.
 The provision of footwear at the entry to every shed.
 The use of clean litter material after washing the shed and do not
re-use litter. Manage litter and maintain it in a dry friable state
without caking or being too wet.

 Removal and disposal of all dead birds daily following the

recommended manner.

 Maintaining cleanliness and tidy state in all houses and ancillary

buildings and surroundings.

(http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/)

6. Separating Multi-age Flocks. There is an increased risk of disease

transfer from older birds to younger birds when a younger birds is
introduced into a flock of older birds. Older birds often build adaptability to
diseases and disorders that younger birds have not been exposed to.

It is preferable to run single-aged flocks though if this is impossible and you

are running multi-age flock. Bear in mind the following:

 Separate age groups – To ensure complete clean and disinfection of

facilities and equipment between batches have an all-in and all-out
system for each age group.

 Start work with younger poultry and finish with the oldest always

7. Monitoring program. It is impossible to see most infectious agent thus it is

appropriate to have a monitoring program. This may consist of:
a. Daily check-up of the flock.
b. Regular on-farm and laboratory autopsies.
c. Laboratory analysis of blood sample and taken swabs.

36
(https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-
forestry/agriculture/livestock/poultry/diseases-health-
management/maintaining-healthy-flock/disease-prevention-management)

Principles of health management

1. Prevention of disease
2. Early recognition of disease
3. Early treatment of disease

For prevention of infectious the following guidelines must be observed:

1. Construct poultry houses that will provide enough ventilation and facilitate
cleaning, disinfection and maintenance of sanitary conditions. If possible
fenced the poultry houses with chicken wire or any other suitable materials
to protect from other animals that is considered as carriers of diseases or
causes nuisance to the general comfort of the of the flock.

2. A comfortable quarters equipped with proper fixtures must be provided to

the flock. Lack of feeding and watering space, substandard brooding
procedures and overcrowding will surely cause the outbreak of a disease

3. If possible, have a rest period between operations practice the all-in-all-

out methods of raising poultry. An efficient way to eliminate infectious
organisms from the farm is to perform periodic complete depopulation as
many of these organisms cannot survive a long period of time without
susceptible host.

4. Purchase stocks from reputable sources. A well-known hatcheries usually

have enhanced management and health practices that produce better-
quality, disease-free and disease-resistant chicks

5. If possible, the flock should not be exposed to stresses such as increment

weather, extremes in temperature and a series of vaccination, delivery
from far places, feed and water scarcity which can weaken the resistance

37
 of birds to infection. Meanwhile, some of these stresses cannot be
avoided, pain killing/soothing measures must be instituted to lessen their
adverse effects. The usage of antibiotic-vitamin-mineral supplementations
is practical to boost the adaptive efficiency of chicken’s body and help
discharge the infection.
(Anonymous.Grade9-poultry production learner’s material)

What’s More

Let’s find out how much you have learned!

Activity 3: TRUE OR FALSE

DIRECTIONS: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
incorrect. Write your answer on your test notebook.
1. Parasites can be control by introducing young birds into the flock.
2. Sick animals usually seek a quiet place out of the way of others.
3. Active and alert is one the common signs of healthy animals.
4. Younger birds is more resilience to diseases and disorders than
the older birds
5. Nasal vaccination is a vaccination procedure in which the vaccine
dose is given in the mouth.
6. Freeze dried vaccine is often a sterile saline solution.
7. Killed vaccine is type of vaccine the organism has been killed
and is unable to cause the disease, although the ability to trigger
the immune system remains.

38
 8. Vaccination does not play an important part in the health
management of the poultry flock
9. In–ovo is commonly performed between days 20-21 of
incubation.
10. Wing stab is a vaccine procedure in which the vaccine is
introduce into the cloaca of the bird.

What I Have Learned.

Let’s see what you learned! This will determine how much you know about the
topic that we have discussed.
Activity 4.FILL IN THE BLANKS
Directions: Fill in the missing word to complete the statement. Write your
answer on your test notebook.
1. The __________ of the vaccine used and/or its suitability for the
disease strain to be controlled.

2. _____________, lack of feeding and watering space and substandard

brooding procedures can easily cause the outbreak of a disease
3. Sick birds often have a __________ stance with ruffled feathers and
eyes partially closed.
4. Spray method vaccine is sprayed onto the chickens (or into the air above
the chickens) using a suitable _________ spray.
5. Diarrhea is usually evidenced by stained feathers in the _______ region.
6. Healthy birds have no ____________ from the nostrils or eyes.
7. When diseases start in a _________, the most important thing to do is
to act quickly to prevent the disease from spreading
8. Older birds often build resilience to diseases and ________ that younger
birds have not been exposed to.

39
 9. Unexpected changes to the food and water consumption – often the first
signs of ________.
10. The feather follicle technique involves the ________ of a group of
adjacent feathers or fluff in young chickens

What I Can Do

Activity 5
Directions: Do this task seriously.

1. Go to the nearest poultry farm, assess what are the preventive measures
applied in that particular poultry farm. Give your recommendation as to the
preventive measures and health management activities to be undertaken
to ensure healthy and quality produce poultry-chicken.

Lesson 2 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the statement. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. How are you going to hasten the adaptive efficiency of chickens to
discharge infection?
a. deprive the birds of feed and water
b. expose the birds to inclement weather
c. expose them to extreme temperature
d. use-antibiotic-vitamin-mineral supplements

40
2. To prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, construct poultry
houses that will provide adequate ventilation and facilitate cleaning,
disinfection and maintenance of ____________
a. sanitary conditions
b. vaccination facilities
c. medication supplies
d. utilities

3. Which of the following is an efficient way to eliminate infectious organisms

from the farm?
a. partial depopulation
b. compartment depopulation
c. complete depopulation
d. cage depopulation

4. What is the most important thing to do when diseases start in a flock?

a. dress all birds affected with the disease
b. let the disease attack the flock
c. market all your flocks
d. prevent the disease from spreading

5. Which of the following vaccination should not be included to prevent

disease outbreak?
a. 8 – 10 days NCD
b. 11 – 20 days NCD
c. 21 – 24 days NCD
d. 26 – 28 days NCD

6. Which of the following is not a principle of poultry health management?

a. prevention of disease
b. early recognition of disease
c. early treatment of disease
d. construction of poultry houses

41
7. What type of vaccine could be administered to a 26 – 28 day old birds?
a. Fowl pox vaccine
b. NCD vaccine
c. MD vaccine
d. Nicotine sulfate

8. Which is not a good practice of hygiene?

a. thorough cleaning of poultry houses and equipment after removing
each flock
b. use of foot baths at the entry to each house
c. removal of all dead birds daily and disposing them in a
recommended manner
d. use of dirty litter material after washing the shed and re-use litter
9. When is the best time to administer the Fowl Pox vaccine?
a. birds are 8 – 10 days old
b. birds are 11 – 20 days old
c. birds are 21 – 24 days old
d. birds are 26 – 28 days old

10. How does the In-ovo vaccination being administered to the birds?
a. through the embryo before hatch
b. through the breast muscle
c. through skin of the bird
d. through the follicle of the bird

Additional Activities

42
Activity 1.Enumerate the Following and explain how important it is to ensure
quality and healthy produce.

Types of vaccine:
1.
2.
3.

Key to effective vaccination:

1.
2.
3.
4.

The preventive measures against disease

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

43
Lesson 1 Answer Key

44
 45
Lesson 2 Answer Key
What I Know
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. D
What's More Assessment
1. TRUE 1. D
2. FALSE 2. C
3. TRUE 3. A
4. TRUE 4. C
5. FALSE 5. B
6. TRUE 6. C
7. TRUE 7. A
8. FALSE 8. D
9. FALSE 9. B
10. TRUE 10. A
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. D
15. A
 46
learnersmaterial
Anonymous.Poultry-Production-Grade 9-
References
What I Know
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. D
What's More Assessment
1. FALSE 1. D
2. TRUE 2. A
3. TRUE 3. C
4. FALSE 4. D
5. FALSE 5. B
6. TRUE 6. D
7. TRUE 7. B
8. FALSE 8. D
9. FALSE 9. C
10. FALSE 10. A
Coronel, Anacieto B. MS., DVM, A primer on Animal
Husbandry,Verde Bookstore, 1971

Dan L. Cunningham & Brian D. Fairchild: “Biosecurity Basics for

Poultry Growers,” The University of Georgia Poultry Extension.

Joan S. Jeffrey: “Biosecurity for Exotic Fowl,” Texas Agricultural

Extension Service.

June deGraft-Hanson a: “Biosecurity for the Poultry

Industry,” Extension Service West Virginia University, 2002.

June deGraft-Hanson: Biosecurity for Backyard

Flocks,” Extension Service West Virginia University, 2002.

Technology and Livelihood Education III.Agriculture

and Fishery, SEDP Series,1992

Tech-Voc, Modules (Raise Poultry)

agritech.tnau.ac.in
https://aaes.uark.edu
http://bountyfreshfreerange.blospot.com
https://thepoultrysite.com
https://www. alamy.com
https://www.bentoli.com/broiler-chickens-stress-
management/
https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-
fishingforestry/agriculture/livestock/poultry/disease
s-health-management/maintaining-healthy-
flock/disease-prevention-management
https://www.fwi.co.uk
http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/
https://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/disease-
prevention-biosecurity/
https://www.vetpoultry.com/blogs/barn-talk-livestock-health-and-
nutrition/how-to-spot-signs-and-prevent-heat-stress-in-chickens

47
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malayabalay City

Telefax: (088) 813-3634

Email Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

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