WHAT’S THE MAIN

SKILL REQUIRED FOR

AN ARCHITECT?

LOCAL STRUCTURE SERVICES COST

ANALYSIS S

GENERATION OF A 3 DIMENSIONAL
FORM / DESIGN
HOW DO WE GENERATE A 3
DIMENSIONAL FORM?

ARE THERE ANY SPECIFIC

METHODS TO DO THAT??

HOW MANY METHODS ARE

THERE???
Welcome to architectural theories
THE NATURE OF BUILDINGS
MODES OF DESIGNING – Geoffrey Broadbent

- PRAGMATIC

- ICONIC

- CANONIC

- ANALOGIC
PRAGMATIC DESIGN
PRAGMATIC DESIGN
PRAGMATIC DESIGN
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ICONIC DESIGN
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CANONIC DESIGN
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CANONIC DESIGN
ANALOGIC DESIGN
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SUMMING UP . . .

The first three, pragmatic, iconic and

canonical design can be readily associated
with pre-modern design, but all describe
actions one could see modern architects
apply.

Pragmatic ("try it and see") design

commonly occurs on building sites; eg.
Where and when inadequacies in
documentation become evident and
immediate action is necessary to avoid
delays and claims.

Residential and commercial property

developers routinely instruct consultants,
including architects, to apply iconic and
canonic principles; eg. To match floor areas,
standard layouts, fittings and finishes to a
target purchaser model identified through
market research.
SUMMING UP . . .

However, in analogical design, when the designer

shapes and develops a representation of a design,
or variations of it in detail, before making a physical
embodiment, it is the most familiar and dominant
paradigm.

It is the method student designers are taught to

apply, almost universally.

The actions of analogical design, such as drawing,

model making or using CAD, typify what many
people would identify as the outward actions of
designing.

Recent developments of 2D and 3D design

computing software have magnified the power of
analogical approaches by enabling almost any
aspect of a design to be modeled, throughout its life
cycle.
EXTENDED THOUGHT . . .

A more process oriented form of classification than Broadbent's, divides designing into;
v. Routine
vi. Innovative
vii. Creative.

Routine design: is applied to designing which proceeds from existing prototypes. This
would include iconic design.

Innovative design: refers to designing which also proceeds from existing prototypes,
but with the freedom to change the ranges of prototype variables. This could include rule
based canonic design. Eg. Where a designer adopts traditional forms but changes their
proportions. The typical result of innovative design, by this definition, has a familiar
structure but novel appearance because the values of the defining variables are
unfamiliar.

Creative design: is distinguished from the first two by the use of new variables,
producing new types and providing the capacity to produce a paradigm shift. Creative
design and analogical design can themselves be regarded as analogous when they
involve transfer and adaptation of prototypes or an analog medium Innovative and
creative designs are two forms of non-routine design.
This was the contribution of Geoffrey
Broadbent to Architectural Theory…
Just to check if you have understood . . . Tackle the quiz!