rete Dorel Anata compari yet ANATOMIA COMPARATA A COLOANEI VERTEBRALE $1 COASTELOR Lt cllosoms pial shee en notooudu, ts ja carla se lspun aun. ‘Dec, celogomit su venebe ‘La pe clowns ventral ee felt In dou eu repunca Gunes rpunea con. Venebiee sod presale ‘ewal (essupacopulu) ce spina ear inna nso sg 1 compl tare eal ob cop) cu spina malt de asec relngit spl sin (ip 19). Verebr uoncle oa a onal, acute vesle Sind indepate i lend bursa ‘au panpotaele (pcesle bat), de cae o arash rate ‘enue Verebrele ambelor gin sunt de pact. Fig. 18, Vercbr a7 wena (A) a 12 coh (8) Dentee: 1 “esvsen eas» corp ett 2 aed nel 3- poset spines, 4~ areal hema 3 ~ bazapeizg 6 as rats sala; 7~ postigapotaa dasa: 8 poatigapoia vont Le scacen|veterle rin tn sido eatiginos, compl tr fomingsse cordacensie (Fp: 16 C ig. 20) Aca fsonesh ures aronlile fe asemenra arsformae) Farman «In fneiede gies foloae! vere = aren (eur sea) sau spot zapoz) Fig. 20, Vertortcodlt_de la o lave de Sguses scala — lawn intern: 2~eastn ene 3 ean Aros a mooebdal are ewal, 5s er: 6~spna Roma: 7 mda wits Baers cana, (= venn caudal Sigel idea loo o penevale mean ‘ezechimais in aca Mois noes {La seacieni vere sine fete ceeds rp: ‘venstele din regimes cnc peita acu neural, far aca Neale pest sb oma dua apotizenerlenvte zaps au parapze (Fi 9). De eee sin se pind coal fro. = Yerebrle din egies col pein aut arc oa ot ema ig. 19). La tno rapi, in coral verter a depune calc fe sib form de raze - veneee serapone, (Fig. 21C) Gos forma una 6 tae ii concent - vere elosponl, ‘Rape ectospondle (ce mal mal lin cones (ig. 21 AB), ‘Verse sleioe ant smfclis,rece Doe Anatomia compara vertebrate ig 2. Tipu vensbrdar condenses A silospon B= tesosponatsC—aseospondit~ rovocor? cert cetal cacao, 3 slaslea ‘emg; arene: -archemal 5 Holccefalit pein sheet cariaginos avin cour dora bine dewvolai. Vebeele sunt scence sau spondle (ex. Chinsera monsrsoea~himer, cae sre 9 Tange de sroimativ Im, "ey In anit de pina a 1000 m, ind tata in apropiecosuteor Europe) Fp 22) Fig. 22. Chinaera monsrese—binera La aciperide coloana venebala este rprezeaal excusv de arcuali care tons protjsz8netocardl De era sunt acentc (a orp). Aspennerdele pei do regal ‘Sel repiunes uncial egune on fo eglune wane innim caste nero (ventas) a2. Fg. 25.0 porsine tin coloans vetebald de Acpener stu: -coad2-nacovs3-Hgament. eons 5 isons 6 errs 7 apo pincas = tive: 9 interven, 10- papi: 11 cost {La holost si wleoseen vensrele sunt oss, fee, compa or fonds acocentc st perioral Fig. 2), Acasa modal de formate «corp verbal ese valabla peau aes lee + "ertchnteoy, cu excep wean. Spinel nel hema ale venebreortkoseeilorsut fare ung sce, pened sass sept spit Gig. 19 ele mu oes spree pete inser muscular uch $l eens pot singe doun regia le coral: repienea unclean) spunea col (cal) Tn repunes ‘munch, verebrle au paspotse do eae se pind contle inferior, iar in regen calles apofinshemale ce fomesch se bee i 25). 1a Polypente (a reprereetanl Popes bichir exe stinge 1 m lngine, tind In cul supercell) Fg, 26 nin coat terior 9 saperone. a uni teleost, pe ligt coals info - de crigne criagness, him sf conse supercare» de origin demic, precum un sre mat lk s mal pin compli de oxi do ‘semana intemal 3ig. 24. Seen rarverla pin eglanes coal de no 7 larva de. Cypinws carpio, care tateera mod de foe eveodl stu eecentic 4 coruh vereb eases nema + potocordlls 2 — Wacs Sbouey 3 fe cord \acuizat coral venaeek 8 ~areul pera 6 areal Bena pin nara 8 ensue spin; 9 - oxeblawe 10 arr ‘nda 1 -vena aude Fig 25. Sessone lngindinl prin coloana Yerchais Ge Gace mont Sard 2 corp vers 3 sna nish $= ‘igen lentil aperio, HO Fig 26. Polyptea bichir ipo au verte cence. Monopreumonidte (cu igu plasa x ote dra) cum af ‘Newer frserieramunda, de 1.75 m lngime Init In Sousa din ex Awa) ‘dpneunondee (cu ci pam pe Ite esoagli, bine adepa ln respi sind), pecan Proopteis anecens (embers avid 1-2 lage care wos nape lel ale Atl Cen) “epidostenparaoxa sh, avin I-25 t lugine, care ese nln In Araceae din ‘Asia de Sud) sunt reprezetni x ior (i. 2). CCoicsna vertebral lt eri ete east, pe doo pane dar aricanir sonable dite ‘eee are dapat dus prezere or Ugameate ase lng ce ind dea gs Teg colome: ligamenta dona! sper, ligament! ral ifort ligament vente, Acie stu pert relvavea marr rl al colouel vrs eterna de ntane ght Cl 29)rece Dol {a ambien, dferioes spol olan vere ete mai ascent, ean prevent tr reg: cerca Jn uel ves crv ‘are verb carvzla ovald-ta wl Tums) 12-15 venir dove “ue 7 vest donale ssemin “lear Ivete “in sme I vente srl Abin pin verbs feet cal (acs) ind opts Se [oui Seana (res seu ry ‘fie mara on tran dene kes So woe ppt Got ene, Sect) a ipa indo oor wa Spt (orl) Gps pe met ea ah 4 sp mene pea sh irena dips pe coral eon cases wou poate dais ‘ltrdeeprina enti en cniet evo Sere coed poeta ene a isonraaes ore Ura Ciena sec apts oon, tener) orc oa wc “At wd ct te pr couse seu, Ginofon weit tapos paint ‘soaste inferioare (Fig. 18, Fig. 28). a “Aptis vente den volun ‘Star ne veil evi pss wr dp le pin prs Cora at coun? versie sind nt pumice pcs tanec cue prt ap adie de cote Regs scapes vere ic do ip ene ou apes cal ree ‘eves wos come ct sli mn suas (gies cal) Rg 2) ts sme gam # maa cr Fig. 28. Reluile diaue clement setulae in repunen tunchall avert tee primitive poe (A) sa anor 1 ‘seul early 2 ~ mula epoca, 3. ‘pusculatun Hpscomlay 4 ~ oats inert $ — oust sperioart: 6 clo ipo, alzata pin sie ene in deca ye, La exe lor onal ‘ou info st tieear fn mpune co conse mine, ua vent part mene de op (ont ses papi coxa de pce vet arama doce ps ne detent (uber) essa cpa wane spl 32. sUreche Deal Anon compara a vercbratlor Colean veeba presins 5 ein, Rene cervical ete frat din 9 vor, date cao pale dott st asl ail. Apofinaadontoi (2e In das» de) se este le ferireltind dn contepen asc a Sphonodon, cameleon coon uncer Sidnim un pease raiment, ‘pct resis uni vere, sia nsnen sas Ta asta pune ‘lun cate rude 30) TE oro, verebce tunciaal peas © regiune tomes sun Jombara. Pricle veteie (dn relies toss) post aotiae UM (isp) a care eateunsn tora onsors papofce (nal pine tt verte) In ee se acest capul coal. fe acest apotize 6 ciara pag ig. 32). Poses uansele ae verbtlr cause: "os cose (aot 6» oats 7 — ‘erbra sal ~ supe aril lal prin! vereee Fig 30. Calms veers epune ssa Ia ror proces edotoie 2 als 3 = eperothes, 4 = ‘uml pro-aas 5 -nervencisk 6 pro poet 7— 7 -oces tans cop versal 9-ac neta 10" couse ica a wrod digas paraptzs aon Ia compl verse (Fig 31), la eoedie sssta| ‘se desprtm doun pocee dsinow se spose baal fenomen Inn In mele wel veree in fegimes torsala."Csinateverebie sue “uele” mode (@anpotie se pete ar dapofiza tng ale mania) detent Umea tbecult cosa, cpa coin arlinds-ae pe nts do ps conpl vere calls in eal papel Pg 33). Fig, 31. Venta in regen cola ela Selumenda salunanden, varia eran: | ae oul 2 peigpot 3 spain 4 -parpoisa $a emal 6~ orl vere Coase grein o porte soa roxinas, verbal ou dorsal suns caiagnous (lst, steal sua ventral (sone ror, ‘Soldiate colon est conor de fl verse cervcle store (10) po venta p= corp hipapofize, ecxae caudal accltepe corp vetetetumatoae (Fg. 32). Verbele Fema (5 rein spofizetanevess bine deen. Venebrle sacral) oar ptemice dimenrsh Dos Apatonia compart a verebratley econ ni eaten cert elvis (ig 34), Versree cole (este SO) pein process ‘nse aru Hema Tate ver, cv excep aor scr, unt op proce . Nu Fig. 32. A doen versbm trcld Ik Caiman (ede ena wing paral: 2— Posaigpofoa. 3 areal eeu 4 ~ dapofiss (res tanwver) $= papas 6 ~ coral papers = const, = 1s Obie! ote verb pin 0 de verre) sunt sscaattowe,mijonaea pnd cost, Regie snerlaipsete La Cheloiei, desi dtreatiea regionla a colour’ verbal cus ase, cont else Ik ‘erste epee fenced cu erpece, eciele in rogunes Toma nut sab frente Regis ‘xreald verted) et foarte eit. Verebrle st ‘& tip proce, opsocelc,amfcelic. Repineadoralt ‘ee mi faeces i ‘erae) exe fomust din verabee de Up andl ‘Vertice regu code (16-30) sur ep pros Ta acre’ exis a In reo, ogame tepldele ‘pods (tre. eon munerone wees ‘rosin 400). Laveen se distin pia Teac 4: autotome, cae coon dspindrs uel pa dit foadh ind snug acesia ee exert tone. ‘encree eau srs fare fg 5 rap tive nu spn caragnos care ext ip milo cola vertebral. Pain acivistes septumati eraginos pate ‘pla pout Hrepenent, colors rind in se de ‘Spl aghsafirocarlaginoassnesepmena. {La pss inanim veer prcréale (escent), cae peat sigapezeapeize ans, (Colour fer vnc ar weit (Pig 38), Replunen corel posed mu vara de eee In ‘goreral 1425, ear ot 88s elit), 210s uel leds), 13 Qa pare). Numan lex 8 a ‘acu lx ltl ete ma ng a mobi. Venebee sunt de ip beeocetic (pips) Ca cape In oma de a, cos ee explics remus mob» sceve ogi. Ble przntradimente de conte Prmele out verebie sunt aul gan. Corpo sans ee conlopt co corp xi, Fermin ‘olla cba acesua lsu et ip prose Hippie runes ena compile veneer ‘Serves oracale mbar Coloaas Gepices) traces grein 7-11 venebre previne ev conse peteice cre prints proces uct ae cu rsdn (i 33). 1 Caiman sp. (eee doslds! — pena ~ Sena ara? dows vert rl 3 “Sows sacle 4S vara cola xsrece Doel ig. 35 Schl psi -AB reps Tonburt DE ~ repens cosgants 1 soled Spins a verobel covets? —prelmpies SEs nee verte, 3 pot pinot a [mes verter tral; 4 cea font pin {due spofzelor drale tele spd Inveorbial 6 prema, 7 mai mas isrio,9 ool pata 10a ural 11 wer 12 ewes ster 13 apo eps 14 inten 16 couse 17 apts union 18 - cmoplas 19 ~os cool 20 ~ caves 21 — mers: 22 eit, 23 — radius: 24 ~ ose faryone; 25 — ate metaarpene 25 pat fangs a eget mae ep 27 ns 28 — lachion, 29 = pais) 30 ~ gra etiti 31 femur, 32-33 peso, 34 ~tromtae 35 apoincosplia pitrele;36- dees Spncle eure sat lites rosie Sxionind cu apotee traverse. Cosle sunt formate din do pon aot versal ‘a stemal aml ecu. Cpl proximal alcatel ee brea pezenind un capo tera. Apole wines, ee terol Pe paren veretala a coasting, se spain pe coast inedat ‘yp eoloan ois su regines dsl wees snscramsl, fomat din ues ulinelor dows vereve trea ct rereoele lombire, secre penute verre cole (Fig. 36. Vel ce ina tn sructur Ssacrumull pa conte gi cre sues a Fig. 36. Regiznes Joma, sacral col olan verre scent pelvis ta gana vate venta I-Son 2=nhions 3. ‘ubig 4 plgonl, 21-11! de olive al vernal 2} ana ericiea orcs! 2224 = venebe Conclombame25-29 — verte lebae; 30,31—venebre sre 32-41 vere code an 36 wrche Dore Araonia compara verter ‘Vencbele col, sina tmapeia snaccumull, sont mobile. Terminal, regnen coal consti Pigosilul (akinsle 6 verre comopie) ln crea (Ghurtoar) Las (psa nesturtoare aun) ‘ete codle eden igo. a manifee dferetores rogiond eslsne ene ese maxi, Verte elt colar ‘Veneta st dep perioral ample (ox bee (Some pt). le pechit pole tasrene. 4 gaps. Ine verte seal acu intarersbrale Fig 37, Discwilitrvetele ea &€- comin mule gelaios (pulps), vega al com: Ac vedere cal; B vedere lanl: Totceduu Fig 37). De obit crpl vena ete de Ty can, 2 ~ disc Lateerebra, UP sian, cu exceptin vererelor cendcale ale 5% mace upon smgulstlor (Cipiours, ra), cae sum 60 tp pio Regiunea ceedcla posed vari 7 verre, indent ac plete oa lng - a I gh sau fare cu ca able. Pinole do vrwie eerie sat asl asm Vrerle cee Pout coat ruil de apofele ransvese Fig. 3). ‘Reglunc area (Joss) posed in general 1213 vere (pti vr de 9 824) a ce se scala ont (ig. 39), a 3 5 ig. 38, Soba unc vente cence lt Fig. 39. Senema wei vate dare a ‘maniferes,fgenra la smite-l ~cenal mamifre’ | coin verse, 2 — dap verses 2'=rest de cons 3 —apofi, 4 (apofiza wast 3 ~ nignofea: 4 ~ acl ileal concave 5 —rigapofi2a; 6-acal news $ capa couse 6 tubers ones 7 eur “fcasna costarvers ancl neu ‘Numa verbo embers ne 3 8 ‘Verabree sce sant i ur var (1-8) 5 ontpese forming sacrum (Fi. 0) La eine sein’ nto osingra verde srl ‘eric cod nal) su nnd vari in fae de ug con (3-46) [Leom,coloan verbal resin eats parilte:lrdora ceva ox cvitninapi fo ‘orca cu ceva nine oor lombar efor. ‘Aces cau deteinae de einen gre copa in stane biped Fp). ‘Stem eso pes sceltica impart (ani), spans ye Inia medio entra regia traci. Et ‘eaint spate de inserie pensu musclaaa pearl, inlrvennd Ih migenle Tepito, It Impreun cu coast coral prteia orarlr din regina rch. ‘La pest exe contest exiaea unit sem proptaei defi Ik unl wlaceniexsa © lest gins estat ne onal ronal tei, ”ree Dot ig 40. Schema veneer de on ~ ig. 4, Colona ventral nom = Yoder vedere Srniis A” vera conic Blea loser ovat 2 iors oral ‘erchnt toa C versie lombsrs: D3 sonal 4 ~fra sooner Serum: 1" proces wusves 2'~ costa su 5 dn nerve 6 foramen nerve dimeat de can fiona a cmpel vel “arcnewal 4 preaigaposs Ls aie urd sternal ee epeenatprint-o ict pcs carga, tuts poli median pots corner 2 1 wee se (Cis Disoglossite i fala Beloit) sel te for ue pine por ac, ist para pose ‘cour scape (sepicoraesela). La ate sar (mila Raid) ele doatepicorcole (bare Inguse) se nines ea median. Fig 42. Sta port Init epconcoieor exis 0 fomsfune scheleics denims say So conan, ool ‘lementprezona, forma in emestm, Sid junsise cartiginoas Seager “game 2 coueots9 ‘junit ones. fr uma ecorolelor cls ala fommusune “papia, ¢napracaul, 5 © ‘hele donut slement ostzonal Guratnteoseas Jae poctaced: eas ‘aginst fomat din sera (oss) si xistem Catapnos) Pg. alae a La ake amare (Dendobues 51 Sytoms) somal repent cousin au cept compet {Lares dail aout amnitele, ems se riclessc conte. 1G Ice! steal ee un cr eit, de cree pin So pnt Ia pts coat; ose, ls petungestc ca doun Cale ates, de care so grind erase Fig. 4), La sop spade Steal ete essa abet. Ls coco semil ange complet: devolve seuind preseml Qh care se actos onscoidle, mezostemal fst. Capetele ventle le ecassor se aiclewa Tnsoeel Fe 2smezsterm. Pniclar pot replete prez nul climes somal do ge dene -nerctaviela “aol ueadopassonul de la chlonien! 5) Fig. 4, Str ¢ aporal a cv centre Fig. 4. Stel sriporal st. intra ‘tlaginoast a stemuli 3 omoners: 4 pasa ‘2 metas; 3» inerlavieula 4 ~ coracolds $ fcslagioas + omowemuhie §concous §- scapula 6 ~ cavcale) 7 - supascapl: 8 tpicrscoid 7 lave 8 sepa ala epiarot 9 cain glo 10 nse era prosoaco 12 feet: 13 Oiient heonien uu ster La etriscourmare a ado zor dezvoare mul exe reach lx are Ingine,acopedind cea mal sue pa «supe vena rancho. P nia medioventala post cava (opin soma su crests Hera) =o lama casa ce cofers supa cnserab xtase Pru insrla munulsurd peconle (ig 40, Se ate ca steal psnor ete onologabil cu ‘ezostral reper. Caracol aeuez in jbeabure route dos ale stu, ia couse Immiel depres dep ature sale, ig 5S. Stems comma stemale ig 46, Sem gf cennre pectoral Creed “seus 1" proseraun: 2 pls» sma 2 —eeata seul 3 spewostemum: 3-piftemun: = itetvials; Coco 4 seapul$~ lade 6 ~ couse Scouse; 6 eorcodreste Dorel Astonia compara valent: Pasi eae an steal att caro care mu oer (exemple: sew, pets Kv, em, and te) sc ures: seareate arate Pier eae morn cen fst mani een, (Ca mamifercle nee, semul eae daa rican numir de 46 soprente sccesvy Mi atemebre (ig. 42, Racor unin ler cree pine Ix 11 (ex. Colossi din tal Bracipdie, ar aiege In America de Sul America Conn vind i erbal tatesone do eget ara rebel posterior dept) sav ede ra ae, cotce) Pil nero - ‘resem sou manubr ia ulin xflstra (deca eartlagios) sau apenicerifeid. Tae preter . ‘fem nai mezoseral, pe atl irae lah eae venale as cosstele. Cones Seiouinut dens ine dots metre (ig 47 sau Pg. 488) La acnate (odin dn ete fe pare Jens spoil ce am cape scope x sh como de ng epidemics) seebrle . ‘nin toa viata acl nae es (uz lacing), pe cna elite manfred ‘na tlt stu al ain le cle mcs vi La pte sma let om sre oo I Fi 8 ‘A) Stel Ciropercr fe) pein ca cel peste, east ventral, Fig. 47, Stemul Ia Ceres apts = ig. 8. tel inom net - mana; 2 sederevenrala.1 mabrany 2 rose fi, Sstanbee 4x amjoiates vertebral, sel os de aris este nso de interlavewar(s deme loealat pe fa vera aster, ase confundat ca pres La socaien scl neal ete 9 ie car ngus, sus pe faa veal «munubsul @retemala) (Fp 45). Chetan seen {ste asim in" plson’ ene consi endoplsronal up sis = ‘toplasron). Totereiviwlnal monotemser (Gngurele manifee vipa, prevanse ‘x closes ea se Iles im Auseaa, Nous Cuinee 9 Tasman, ‘ronal ech) ae fra tee "Td sat a proser ln out covet p8) Fig. 49. Swell Onitorhychas vedere ventas | anim: 2 stem eave, 4 cnzoi Senateeth Der Anstooa compart a verbal, ‘COASTELE 1a post intnin couse saptimentare (serous) Qo geoii polperide, teosten). La tseoseei coseleruperare sat drmie. De amen, a po nlm cone nferone (sear), fe se formear in apopires notocordula, de und, cescind da, incon clonal cams a ‘ade iferie lanvea ssepetor, Dis tmsibies, conse superone Ini at Ia Urodele cit gi Ane, Gimoofin tat tetnpole point cause infoiowe (ig 28). Dine reptile colnet prern couste co apa vertbelor donates fsineacs Ital cu Pi entle dermice contd sell fomares expe “afin coast sant ine deevkatenlfone nat nga cou {Cs crcoient scl nim eoase abdominal (parasteraae san gnstali. le au oigine demos se eaga de colo vere 1 pistl ext coma repanes cereals gi devel caount fn prs cepine le sant ‘intr, drm reien dorsal cel sun bine devel, je aula term. esha pte csp ports vert, pin are se ii ect nea unos {La mamifre cole cries: fae sede 9 fusonsea cu prose tanvery, de semen ‘edu. Coase epi dvi ube devote, a umd do 12 peeeis slo au arpect de Sage Tue i descrao eure eoncvimen inter Prez © poriune owash (verebrali), cae ule I eau rai uaa sar sternal earl costa, cars arealeaz atm Prnele 7 perch sunt coast advan’ wmaoaas 3 pee rt nae fle, armel 2 pec nt cone" fl” * Uber! ‘Caen orace ete oman dn con tem. ig 5. Fora cag tose Ia om die de snes mamerorparpede La. pared ae fom de rei nd tar nes sa, np ce nom ene aia dora venir (Fi, 50) ‘Sinan panel M umiler,O ara -vesee2- seme fot; $~emst ous (Poe veel {6~ cous eciagncas(poiune seal 7 ‘ena; Se nlervenabal,stb Dore! Anon compart veebratelor