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    Ghid Zincare En-Iso-14713 PDF

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    ICS 25,220.40; 91.080.10 apne SR EN ISO 14713 SREN STANDARD ROMAN Indi do cauare B 82 Protectie impotriva coroziunii fontei si ofelului in constructii Acoperiri de zinc si aluminiu Linii directoare Protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures. Zinc and aluminium coatings. Guidelines Protection contre la corrosion du fer et de l'acier dans les constructions. Revétements de zinc et d'aluminium. Lignes directrices APROBARE, Aprobat de Directorul General al ASRO la 29 octombrie 2003 ‘Standardul european EN ISO 14713: 1999 a fost adoptat prin metoda confirmarii si are statutul unui standard roman CORESPONDENTA | Acest standard este identic cu standardul european EN ISO 14713: 1999 This standard is identical with the European Standard EN ISO 14713: 1999 La présente norme est identique a la Norme européenne EN ISO 14713: 1999 "ASOCIATIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMANIA (ASRO) ‘Adresa postald: sir. Mendeleev 21-25, 010362, Bucuresti Direciia generale: Tel. +40 21 211 32 96, Fax +4021 21008 33 Directia Standardizare: Tel. +40 21 310 43 08, +40 21 310 43 09 sau +40 21 312 47 44, Fax +40 21 315 58 70 Directia Publica - Serv. Vanzari/Abonamente: Tel. +40 21 212 77 25, +40 21 212 79 20, +40 21 312 94 88, $40.21 312 94 89, Fax +40 21 210.25 14, +40 21 21276 20 @ASRO —_Reproducorea sau utlizarea intograld sau parila prezentull standard n rice publica prin orice procedeu (electronic, macaric, folocopiee, microfimare el.) este intezisé decd nu exist acordul sors al SRO. Ref.: SR EN ISO 14713: 2003 Editia 1 ‘Pagina Spare din aplcata Gesture Stercierde c} 2003-2008 ABRO & Blue Project Sofwere -Pag 1 dn 48 8002/21/50 ‘VS VAVASN ONY TS ONI TYNOLLVNUBINI TALHOad ‘7/179 SRLLSNGN! IS LNSWOO 30 VEIWYD Preambui national Standardul european EN ISO 14713:1999 a preluat far modificare standardul_ intemational ISO 14713:1999. Standardul european confine 1h plus o anexa normativé ZA — cu referinfe europene ‘corespondente standardelor intemafionale, Acest standard cuprinde recomandiri generale privind protectia Impotriva coroziunil produselor de fonta $i ofel utilizate in construct, prin acoperire de zinc sau aluminiu, Standardul se aplicd produselor de ofel laminate la cald sau la rece, produselor turmate din fonta cenusle, fonta cu grafit nodular, fonta maleabila. Corespondenja dintre standardele europene si internationale la care se face referire gi standardole romane este urmétoarea: EN ISO 1461:1999 IDT — SRENISO 1461:2002 ‘Acoparii trmice de zinc pe piese fabricate din fonta si ofel. Specificail $i metode de Incercare EN 22083:1993 IDT SREN 22063:1995 Acoperiri metalice si anorganice. Pulverizare termicd. Zinc, aluminiu gi aliajele lor EN ISO 2064:1994 IDT SRENISO 2064:1996 ‘Acoperiri metalice gi alte acoperii anorganice. Definitiprincipi privind masurarea grosimi 1s0 2081 - 1S0 4998, - oe EN ISO 8503-1:1995 - 10 9223:1992 IDT — SRISO9223:1996 Coroziunea metalelor si aiigjelor. Corozivitatea atmosterelor. Clasificare ISO 12944-5:1998, IDT — SRENISO 12944-5:2002 ‘Vopsele si lacuri. Protectia prin sisteme de vopsire a structurilor de ofel impotriva coroziunii, Partea 5: Sisteme de vopsire EN 10142:1990 IDT — SREN 10142+ A1:2000 Table si benzi de ofel cu continut sc&zut de carbon zincate termic continuu, destinate deforméini la rece. Condifi tehnice de livrare EN 10147:1991 IOT — SREN 10147+A1:2001 Table si benzi de otel pentru constructi zincate termic continuu. Condit tehnice de livrare EN 10240:1997 IDT — SREN 10240:2000 Acoperiri de protectie interioare si/sau exterioare pentru {evi de fel. Condifi tehnice pentru acoperr prin galvanizare la cald aplicate pe instalafii automate Pentru aplicarea acestui standard se utlizeaza standardele europene gi internajonale la care se face referire (respectv standardele romaine identice cu acesta). ‘Simboluriie gradelor de echivalenta (IDT — identic), conform SR 1000-8. ‘Standardele interatjonale $i europene citate ca referin{a si care nu au fost adoptate ca standarde Toméne se pot consulta sau comanda la Asociatia de Standardizare din Romania. Standardul european EN ISO 14713:1999, in limbile englez8, francez& sau germana, poate fi consultat sau comandat la Asociatia de Standardizare din Rom&nia. sperte dn eplicatia Gesture Stance {c) 2003-2008 ASRO & Bhus Project Sofware - Pag 2 cn 48, ‘8002/21/80 ‘VIS VAVAaN ONU TS ON! TWNOLLYNYALNI TLHOAE ‘rr719 ARULSNONI Is LUIWOD 30 VUIMVD (CAMERA DE COMERT SI INDUSTRIE CLUJ, BECHTEL INTERNATIONAL INC SRL RENO NEVADA SUA, 06/12/2008 Pagina alba ‘Standardul european EN 1SO 14713:1999 a fost acceptat ca standard roman de c&tre comitetul tehnic CT 157, Coroziunea metalelor ¢allajlor ‘Membrii Comitetului De Lecturd care au verificat aceasta filé de confirmare a standardului european EN ISO 14713:1999 dna Liuba DAMIAN ICEM SA Presedinte al comitetului tehnic CT 187 - Coroziunea ‘metalelor $i aligjolor dna Raluca FAKO: ICEM SA ‘Secretar al comitetului tehnic CT 187 - Coroziunea metalolor s/aligjelor dna Vasilica STEFANESCU ASRO Expert ASRO- Un standard roman nu confine neapérat totalitatea prevederlor necesare pentru contractare. Utiizatorii standardului sunt r&spunzatori de aplicarea corecté a acestuia. Este important ca utilizatorii standardelor romane s& 58 asigure ca sunt in posesia ultimei editi gi a tuturor modificairilor. Informatie referitoare la standardele romane sunt publicate in Catalogu! Standardelor Romane si in Buletinul Standardizarit vicatie Gasbure Standarde (c) 2003-2008 ASRO & Sue Project Sofware «Pag 4 cin 28 (2002/2160 "VS VaVASN ONY TS ON! TYNOLLYNYALN! 7LHOgA ‘T1170 SRMUSNGN IS 13ND 30 EBAY EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 14713 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM March 1999 {CS 25.220.40; 91.080.10 English version Protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures - Zinc and aluminium coatings - Guidelines (ISO 14713:1999) Protection contra comosion du for et de Facer dans les ‘Schutz von Eisen. und Stahkonstruktionen vor Korrosion = coneiructons - Reveloments de zinc et aluminivm Lgnes Zine und Aluminkzndoer2bge-Leivaden (ISO 14713:1996) ‘Seocrices (ISO 147131999) ‘This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 November 1968. ‘CEN members are bound to comply wih the CENICENELEC Inlemal Regulations which eps the Cantons forgiving this European ‘Standars he status of» national tiancard wihout any ateraton. Up-to-date lists and ibsographical reterences conceming such eatonel standards may be cbiined on appeaton tothe Cental Secretarial ro any CEN member ‘Tris European Standard exits in tee offal versions (English, French, German). Aversion in anyother anguage made by translation under the responsibly ofa CEN member into is own language and noted the Cena Sereiarat has the same salu ashe ofc versions. ‘CEN members are the natonat stad bodes of Auta, Begum, Czech Repub, Denmark, Fetand, France, Getmany, Greece, eeland, relan, ay. Luxembourg, Neferands, Noway, Porwgal, Span, Sweden, Swizerand an Untes Kings, a! EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN GE NORMALISATION BUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUN‘ ‘Central Secretariat: rue de Stassan, 368-1050 Brussels (© 1998.CEN At rghts of expotation ary farm and by ary means reserves wore or Pf, Ne. EN SO 16715 1999 E ‘CEN ational Members. ‘Pagina tiparta 6 aplcatia Gestune Stance () 2008-2008 ASRO & Blue Project Sotwere- Pag Sin 46 ‘8007/2180 ‘yns VAVASN ONY TUS ON! TNOLLYNESINI 72LHO3E ‘N79 SIMLSNGN) 18 121309 3a VU. Page 2 EN IS0 14713:1999 Contents 24aM09 3a YUaWYD in different environments 6.1 Corrosion in the stmonpher. 6.2 Corrosion in soil 6.3 Corrasion in water al exposure (special cases)... 7 Design of protective systems, 74 General principles 12 Practical design.. 7.3 Tubes and hollow sections... 73.1 General... 7.3.2 Hot dip galvanized protection 7.3.3 Therma! spray protection.. 7.4 Connections. 4.1 Fastenings to be used with thermal spray oF hot dip coatings. 2 Welding considerations related to coatings... 3 Brazing or soldering... 7.5 Zine oF aluminium coatings with an overcoating... 002/280 ‘vs VaYAaN ON=R TS ON! IVNOLLYNYALNI TLHOSE ‘eM9 anuLSNGNt Annex B (informative) Design for thermal spra ‘Annex C (informative) Bibliography. Annex ZA (normative) References to international publications with their relevant Ewropean publications Pepin sparta cin epics Gastine Siandaré (c} 2003-2006 ASRO & Bus Pcp Sehware Pay 8 in Page 3 EN ISO 14712999) Foreword ‘The text of EN ISO 14713:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic rit oF which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Conmittee ISO/TC 107 "Metallic and other coatings", the seer inorganic coatings” ‘This European Standard shall be given the status of national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by ‘endorsement, athe latest by August 1999, and cetficting national standards shall be withdrawn st the latest by August 1999, ‘According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are ‘bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland. France. Germany. Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy. Luxembourg, Netherlands. Norway, Portugal. Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, 1 Scope ‘This European Standard constitutes guidelines coming general recommendations onthe corrosion protectin of ion and steel structures including connections by zine ox aluminium coatings. Particular reference is mide o hot dip coating and ermal spraying on hot-rolled steel or vold-termed steel but these recommendations aso apply to ater zine coatings (eleciroplating, mechanical cating. sheradizing. et.) Initial protection is covered in elation to: 8) available standard processes: b) design considerations; and ©) environments of use, These guidelines also consider the influence of the initial choice of aluminium or zine coating in refation to the subsequent pplication of paint or powder coatings ‘These guidelines provite yeneral recommendations and do not deal with the maintenance of corrosion protection in service for see! with zine or alumniniuyn coatings: maintenance of cortosion protection will be covered in a separate document (see ISO 2944-5), Requirements specific to each type af metallic coating form the subject of specific standards, Requirements for metallic ‘coatings which are applied in the factory to certain products and which constitute an integral part of those products (emails, fasteners, ductile iron pipes) are given in the corresponding product standards. 2. Normative reference(s) ‘This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited a the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to O° revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in iby amendment or revision. For undated reterences, the latest edition of the publication referred w applies. ISO 1461:1999. Hor dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles ~ Specification. 1S0 2063, Metallic anu! ther inorganic coatings — Thermal spraying — Zinc, aluminium and thie alos 150 2064, Metalic and ther inorganic coatings — Definitions and conventions concerning the meusrenent f thickness 180 208 etallicemtings ~ Electrophaed oatings of sine om iron or steel 150 499%, Continnons hori ine-ented eavbon ste set of structural gua 3, Corrosion of metals and alleys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification, Is09. Pagina toerte Sn alicia Goshune Standarte (c) 2003-2008 ASRO & Bie Project Scftnae Pag 7 48 S002/21/80 “vs VOVAN ONSU TUS ON! TVNOLLVNUAIN! T3LHOSS ‘fMI0 3RUSNGNI IS 1YAWOD 30 VESWVD Page 4 EN ISO 14713:1999 150 1294-5, Paints aml vurnishes — Corrosion protection of steel steuetures by protective paint systems — Part S: Protective paint systems 4yam09 30 YeaWYD EN 10142. Specification for continuously hor dip zinc coated low carbon steel sheet and strip for cold forming — Technical delivery condition EN 10147, Specification for continuously hot-dip sine coated sacral steel sheet and strip — Technical delivery conditions EN 10240, Internal and/or external protective coanings for steel tubes — Specification for hot dip yatvanized evutingsapplied {in automanic plants. 3 Term(s) and definition(s) Forthe purposes of this standard, the following delinitions apply, together with those given in ISO 1461, ISO 2063 and ISO 2064, 3 ‘atmospheric corrosion corrosion caused by exposure to the atmosphere at temperatures between -55°C and +60°C 32 elevated temperatures temperatures between +60 °C and +150°C 33 exceptional exposure special cases: exposure that substantially intensifies the corrosion exposure and/or piaces increased Uemands on the corrosion protection system 34 life to first maintenance the time interval that cun elapse after intial coating before coating deterioration reaches the point that minlenance is necessary ‘2002/21/60 ‘vs VaVASN ONY Tes ON! TYNOLLVNUALNI T3LHOBE 'fN79 SRLSNONI to restore protection ofthe basis metal, 4 Materials 4.1 Iron and steel substrates Steel can be hot-rolled or vold-formed. Hot roll is used to produce the familiar angle. "H’ and other structural sections, ‘Some smaller structural sections, e.g lattice trusses und cladding rails. and also cladding panels, are cold-formed. Steel is basically an alley of iron and carbon with other elements added depending on the required performance und processing ‘method. The metallurgical and chemical nature ofthe steal is irelevant to protection by thermally sprayed coatings. In hot dip galvanizing. the eeactivity ofthe ste! is modified by its chemical composition, particularly by the silicon plus phosphorus contents (see ISO 1461:1999, annex C), Cast and wrought irons are of various metallurgical and chemical compositions. This i irrelevant to protection by thermally sprayed coatings but special comment is needed regarding the castirons mos suitable For hot dip galvanizing as follows. Grey ion castings: zzey iron has carbon content of greater than 24%, the majority of which is graphite in Nake form. — Spheroidal graphite (SG) castings: similar to grey iron in many aspects of composition but with carbon present primarily ax graphite in spheroidal form initiated by additions of magnesium or cerium. — Malleable iron castings: blackheart, whiteheart and pearlitic. Toughness and workability are derived from annealing processes and no primary graphite is permissible Conventional hydrochloric acid piekling does not remove mould-sand deposits, graphite or temper carbon from the surface oF castiron. Grit-blasting iy nocessary to remove these eontaminants. Surface cleaning of complex shapes can be undertaken by specialist gal sompanies using hydrofluoie aid. Care needs to be exercise! in the design of east-inon sections. Small castings of simple shape and solid cross-section do not Present problems for galvanizing provided that the material and surface condition are suitable, Larger castings should have a ‘Pagina tparta din aplictis Gousune Standard (c) 2009-2008 ASAD. Enve Project Sotuare Pog Page 5 EN TSO 14713:1999 balanced design with uniform section thicknesses o avoid distortion and cracking due wo thermal stress, Large fillet radii and pattern numbers should he used and sharp comers and deep recesses avoided, ‘The rough surface finish which castings tend to possess may result in thicker galvanized coatings than on rolled components, 4.2. Non-ferrous metals as coatings ‘Metal coating is an effective method of retarding or preventing corrosion of ferrous materials. Zine and aluminium. or their alloys with each other and with iron, are the mast commonly used, usually as hot dip or thermally sprayed metallic coatings, because they protect iron and steel both by barrier action and by galvanic action, Corrosion of zine. aluminiat and ther alloys is afected by the time for which they are exposed to wetness and contamination (of the surface. but the vorrasion rates are much slower than for steel and often decrease with time: the relative importance of different contaminants also changes ‘These non-ferrous coatings may be left unmaintained if the otal corrosion ofthe coating and the underlying iron or steel is insufficient to affect the performance of the sructure in its designed period of use. If longes life in cota és required. ‘maintenance of the coating should be by painting either inaity or at feast while some original coating remains. 5 Selection of zinc or aluminium coating system ‘The zinc or aluminium coating system o be used should be selected taking the following items into account ) the general environment in which it isto be applied (see clause 6 and sable {} 'b) local variations in she envizarenent, including anticipated future changes and any special conditions ©) the required life wo first maintenance of the metal coating system (see table 2 under the applicable environment; 4) the need for ancillary components €) the need for painting. either initially or when the metal coating is approaching the end of its life o first maintenance to achieve minimal maintenance cost; 1) the availability and cost: @) ifthe life to frst maintenance of the system is les than shat requited for the structure, its ease of maintenance, ‘The operational sequence for applying the selected system should be determined in consultation with the steel fabricator and the metal coating xystein applicator. NOTE} Additions information may be given in product specifications. NOTE 2 Zine~aluminivm systems. both or hot dip coating (notably sheet and wire) aa for thermal spraying are available in some countries and for sone aces but tey ae not unixenally avilable and — in common with other allo coatings. — sre not listed in table 2 6 Corrosion in different environments 6.1 Corrosion in the atmosphere ‘Table | gives busie groups of environments elated to 8S 9223), Where the relative humidity is below 600%. the corrosion rate of iron and stee! is negligible and it may not require metal coating, e.2 inside many buildings. Metal coming with or without painting may however he required for appearance ot for reasons of hygiene, ¢.g. in u food factory. When the relative humidity is higher than 60% or whece expoved fo wet or immersed conditions or prolonged condensation then. like most metals. iron and steel ix subject 0 more serious corrosion, Contamiants deposited on the surface. notably chlorides and sulfates, accelerate attack. Substances that deposit on the surface ofthe iron and steel increase corrosion if they absorb moisture or go into Soluion fon the surface of the ion and steel. The temperature also influences the corrosion sale of unprovected iron and steel and temperature fluctuations have a Singer effect dian the average temperature value ‘The macro enviroment is best defined by scientific measurements (e.g. relative humidity. temperature. sulfate and chloride deposition rates) but such data are often not availabe. The qualitative descriptions in table | and figure | have, therefore. been, developed in relation tothe latest UN and other global studies, The underlying tendency for corrosion iy different counties oF parts of countries is different, e.g. n “industrial atmosphere in Scandinavia or in Spain may be less corrosive Jun a 'industrag” ‘atmosphere in the UK, ‘The corrosion rate for zine ad zine alloy coatings tas decreased substantially in the past 30 years and is expected 10 continue ts dccrease in the ltnosphiere asa result of decrease in almospherie pollution. Every effort should be rma to chose the atmospheric envitonmental category on the basis of Known performance or sulle or eioride levels: the sulfur dioxide level isthe most significant with zine; in otherwise similar atmospheres the rate of corresion of zine increases. Fineaely with inereave in sullur dioxide Pagina pasta ce aphcatia Gonmune Standards {c} 2003-2008 ASRO & Blua Prtject Sofware - Pag dn 48. 8002/2150 "vs VOVAZN ON3U Ts ON! TWNOLLYNYSLNI T3LHO3E ‘N19 SRULSNGNI IS LNAWOD 3a VUSWVD Page 6 ENTSO 14713:1999, The micro environment, ic the conditions prevailing around the structure, is also important because it allows a more precise assessment ofthe likely conditions than study of the basic climate alone, It is not always known atthe planning stage of a project. Every effort should be made to identify it accurately, however. because itis un important factor in the total environment against which corrosion protection is required. An example of a micro climate isthe underside ofa bridge (particularly over waten, ‘The corrosion of steelwork inside buildings is dependent upon the internal environment but in ‘normal’ atmospheres. e.g. dry nd heated, is insignificant. Steelwork in the perimeter walls of buildings is influenced by the configuration within the perimeter walle. steelwork in clear separation from the outer leaf of a wall comprising two parts separated by a airspace is at less tisk of corrosion than steelwork in contact with or embedded inthe outer leaf. Buildings containing industrial processes, c environments, wet or contaminated environments should be given special consideration. Steel work which ix partially sheltered, eg, farm barn, aircraft hangars, should be considered as being subject to the exterior environment, 62 Corrosion in Corrosion in soil is dependent on the mineral content. the nature of these minerais and on the organic components, water content and oxygen content (aerobic and anaerobic corrosion). Corrasion rats in disturbed soil conditions are usually higher than in undisturbed soil Lime-containing soils and sandy soils (providing that they are chloride-free) are in general least corrosive, whilst clay soils and clay marl soils are corrosive to 2 limited extent In bog and peat soils, the corrosiveness depends on the tal acid content ‘Where major iron and ste! structures such as pipelines, tunnels, tank installations, pass through different types of soil increased corrosion pitting) can occur at isolated points (anodic areas) by the formation of differential aeration cells. For some uses, eg. earth reinforcement, a controlled backlill is used in conjunction with a metal coating. Corrosion cells can also form atthe sol/air and soil/ground water level interfaces, leading possibly o increased corrosion and. these areas should be given special consideration. Conversely, the application of cathodic protection for structures in soil (or in ‘water) can both modify the protective coating reyuirements and lengthen their life, Specialist advice should be sought for full ‘guidance on all conditions involved. ‘The factors influencing corrosion in soil make it impracticable to include simple guidance in table 2 6.3 Corrosion in water ‘The ype of water — soft or hard fresh waterfbrackish water/salt water — has a major influence on the corrosion of iron and slee! in water and the selection of protective metal coatings. With zinc coatings, corrosion is affected primarily by the chemical composition ofthe water but temperature. pressure, flow rate, agitation and oxygen availability are all important, For example, Zinc should not be used in hot non-scale-forming waters; heavy corrosion of zinc can also occur in condensate, especially between about $5°°C and 80°C (e.g. in saunas). Otherwise barrier protection can occur at all temperatures; below about 60°C, zine can also provide cathodic protection. The duration of life of zinc surfaces in cold scale-forming waters is usually higher than in non-scale-forming waters (Ryznar's or Lanyelier’s index should be used to calculate whether the water is scale-forming). Choice of aluminium or zine is often on the basis of pH value: aluminium for pH <5 or 6; zinc for pH >S or 6 {depending on ‘other factors). Since the composition of non-saline waters can vary grealy, previous experience or expert advice should be sought. For hot water, specialist advice should always be sought (see also for example DIN 50930-3:1991). Coatings used for all structures including pipes. fittings. tanks and tank covers) in contact with potable water should be non-toxic and should not {impart any taste or odour. colour or turbidity to the water, nor foster microbial attack. With tanks, if additional protection to hot dip galvanizing is uecessary. sufficient coats of high-build bitumen paint should be applied. Zones of fluctuating water level (ie. the area in which the water level changes asa result of natural Muetuations — e.g. tidal ‘movernents, or atfiial alteration of she water level in lock chambers or reservoirs) or splash zones should be given special consideration is in adlition & water attack. there ean also be atmospheric attack and abrasion, “The many factors affecting corrosion in fresh water make it impracticable to present simple tabular guidance in table 2. Some. {guidelines for seawater are in ‘bur tis emphasized that forall water exposures specialist advice should be sought for Full guidance on all eonditions involved. ‘Pega tipertta On spicata Gesture Starderde {c} 2003-2008 AGRO & Blue Project Somers - Pag 10h 48 {8002/2180 ‘VS VAVASN ONY TS ON! IVNOLLVNSIN! TAHOE 'en19 SRLLSNGNI IS LNSNOD 3a VUEWYO Page 7 EN TSO 14713:1999 6.4 Exceptional exposure (special cases) 64.1 General Because of the multiplicity of types of exceptional exposure/special cases, only a few samples are discussed in 6.4.2 10 6.4.4 and table 2 does not cover such effects, 6.42 Chemical attack Corrosion is increased locally by pollution Irom industrial processes, notably by avids in the ease of zine coatings and by alkalis in the case of aluminium coatings. Many organic solvents have litle effect on non-ferrous metals but specific advice should be sought for each chemi 643 Abrasion [Natural mechanical exposure can occur in waters by shifting of boulders, abrasion by sand, wave splashing, ete Particles entrained by the wind (For example sand) can also cause increased attack. ‘The non-ferrous metal coatings have much higher abrasion resistance (a factor of 10 or move} than most conventional paint BS. The zinc-iron alloys are pariculaely hard Areas walked am or driven on of which rub together can be subject to severe abrasion, Areas under course gravel are subjected to severe erosion by impact and abrasion. The good bond between metal coatings and steel (particularly in hot dip galvanizing and sherardizing where there isan alloying reaction) helps to limit such effects 6.44 Exposure to elevated and high temperature All the metal coatings described are usually suitable for elevated temperatures, Separate advice has to be sought regarding any ‘organic materials/coatings. ‘Temperatures above 200 °C are not considered in thi International/European Standard, Temperatures between #200 "C and +500 °C oceur only unter special conditions of construction and operation, e.g, in steel chimneys, flue vas Jucts, gas take-off mains in coking plants. Specialist advice should be sought forthe coating of surfaces so exposed. 7 Design of protective systems 7.1 General principles Design of structures and plant should influence the choice of protective system. K may be appropriate and economic to modify the design to suit the prelerred protective system. Points a) toi) should be considered. 9) Safe and easy access for maintenance should be provided. 'b) Pockets and revesses in Which water and diet can collect should be avoided: a design with smooth contours facili application of protective coating and helps to improve corrosion resistance. Corrosive chemicals should be directed away from structural components, ¢- drainage tubes should be used to contro de-icing salts. ©) Areas which ave inaccessible aller erection should be given a coating system designed to last the required life uf the structure, 4) [Fbimetallic corrosion is possible. additional protective measures should be considered (see PD O84. British Standards Institution. for example) ce) Where the coated iron and steel i likely to be in contact with other building matera(s special consideration should be ‘given (o the contact area; e.g. the use oF paint, tapes or plastic foils should be considered 1) Hotdip galvanizing, sherardizing, mechanical coating or electroplating can be provided only in works; thermal spraying and zine flake coating can be applied in works or onsite. When paint isto be applied to a metal coating the application is ‘more readily controled in works but, where there is a likelihood of substantial damage occuring during transportation and erection. speciliers may prefer to apply the Final paint coat on site ‘Where the total system fs applied off-site, the specification has 10 cover the need for care at all stages to prevent damage to the finished! iron and steel and set out repair procedures to the coating once the steelwork is erected. Pagine para din apicatia Gestiene Standards (c) 2003-2008 ASRO & Blue Project Sofware - Pag 11 din 8 ‘2002/2180 ‘vs VaVASN ONS TS ON! TYNOLLVNUSINI T2LHO3E ‘T1170 aRULSNANI IS LUaHOO 30 VERWYD Page & EN TSO 14713:1999 8) Hox dip galvanizing (in aecordsmce with ISO 1461) or thermal spraying (in accordance with ISO 20063) should take place after bending and other forms of fabrication 1h) Methods of marking parts prior to coating i) Precautions required to minimize the likelihoad of deformation during processing or subsequently. DaWOS 30 VEMVD 7.2 Practical design Design practice for hot dip coating ullfers frown that for thermal spray coatings. Annex A provides guidance on design for hot dip coatings and annex B for thermally sprayed coatings. These supplement the general principles of yowxd design lor steel structures, issed with the hot dip galvanize at an eatly stage in order that stresses introduced during fabrication may Design should bedi Some stresses in the basis metal will be elieved during the hot dip galvanizing provess and this be balanced where possible. ‘could cause deformation of the coated article. Design for electroplating with zine follows the general design principles for electroplating and these are not given here, Design for sherardizing and for mechanical coating is bes discussed with specialist applicators; in general these processes are most suitable for small parts which can be wumbled ina harrel but specialist plants may be available for other shapes, 7.3 Tubes and hollow sections 73.1 General Ifdry and hermetically sealed, the imernal surfaces of tubes and hollow sections will not need protection. Where hollow sections are faily exposed to the weather and are not hermetically sealed, consideration should be given to the need For beth internal and external provection, avoidance of intemal deposits and forthe drainage of any water which enters. Hot dip galvanizing gives equal thickness internally and externally. When tubes and hollow sections are hot dip after assembly into structures, drainage/venting holes should be provided for processing purposes (see annex A), ‘8002/21/90 ‘vNS VOVAN ONS TES ONT TVNOLLYNYSLNI 73LHO3E ‘T1179 SALLSNGNT 733 ‘Thermal spray protection may not be possible 10 provide thermal spray protection on some internal surfaces because there is inadequate access for the spray gun. If, consequently less protective scheme is used on the internal surfaces of partially sealed structures, her methods (eg. dessicants} should be considered to increase protective coating life. 7.4 Connections 74.1 Fastenings to be used with thermal spray oF hot dip coatings ‘The protective treatment of bolts. nuts and other parts ofthe structural connections should be given careful consideration. ‘Ideally, their protective treatment should be of s standard at least equal to that specified forthe general surlaces. Specilic ‘requirements are given in the appropriate product standards and ina series of standards for coatings on fasteners which are in the course of preparation/publieation Hot dip galvanized tsee for example ISO 1461) which covers specified minimum coating thicknesses up to 55 um), sherardized (European Standard (work item (0262097) is at committee draft stage) or other coatings on steel fasteners should be ‘considered. Alternatively, stainless steel fasteners can be used; they should be painted after assembly if necessary for aesthetic purposes oF to prevent himetallic corrosion when immersed in chloride Solutions. In such eases. the stainless steel should be given an appropriate pretreatment {is not “The mating surfaces of connections made with high strength friction grip bolts should be given special te. nnevessary o remove thermally sprayed! or hot dip coatings From such areas to obtain an adequate coelicient of Iriction: lerm slip or creep avoidance requirements and to any necessary adjustments however. consideration has to be given to any lo to the assembly cin 74.2. Welding considerations related to coatings Welding techniques iniluenee whether weld areas are Pega tpertia dh aphcate Gostune Standerde (c} 2003-2008 ASAD & Blue Project Sofware - Pag 12 én 48 Pagina Sparta dn aplicaie Gestune Standerde (c) 2008-2008 ASRO EN 180 14713:1999 a) protected after surface preparation ss bb) left bare until the welding is complete. before welding; or is preferable 10 weld prior to hot dip galvanizing or thermal spraying, Afler welding, the surface should be prepared to the standard specified for preparing the steelwork overall before applying the protective coating process. Welding should be balanced (ie. equal amounts exch side of the main axis) to avoid introducing unbalanced stresses in structure. Welding residues have ta be removed before coating. The normal pretreatments for thermal spraying are uswally sufficient for this purpose but extra pretreatment may be needed lor hot dip galvanizing; in particular, weld slag should be removed separately. ‘Some forms of welding leave alkaline deposits hehind, These have to be removed by blast-cleaning followed by washing with clean water before applying thermally-sprayed coatings. (This does not apply to hot dip galvanizing where the pretreatment process removes alkaline deposits.) 11 is desirable that fabrication takes place without the use of a blast primer as this has to be removed before hot dipping ot ‘thermal spraying Where welding takes place after hot dip galvanizing or thermal spraying. itis preferable before welding zo eemove the coating locally in the area of the weld to ensure the highest quality weld, After welding, protection should be appropriately restored locally by thermal spraying, ‘solder sticks’ andlor zine dust paints. ‘Alter welding of coated steels, the surface should be prepared to the standard specified for preparing the steelwork overall before applying paint or fusion-bonded powder coatings. Assemblies comprising different metals needi different preeatments should be discussed with the processor. 743 Brazing or soldering Soft soldered assemblies cannot be hot dip glvanized and brazing should be avoided if possible — many types of brazing are unsuitable for hot dip galvanizing. The galvanizer should be consulted if brazing is being considered, Since corrosive fluxes may be used in these processes, removal of flux residues after the coating process is essential to avoid corrosion ofthe coated parts: the design ofthese parts should facilitate this. 7.5. Zinc or aluminium coatings with an overcoating 180 12944-5 gives information on zine or aluminium costings with an overcoating. For less aggressive environments (or for shorter lives than indiited) a single coat of paint, over pretreatment if specified, is suficient. For more aggressive and wet environments, two coats of paint are used to minimize through-pores. ‘The life of a coated structure is longer than the life ofa coating system as some steel can be lost by vorrosion before a structure becomes unserviceable. IF tis necessary to prolong the life ofthe coating still further, maintenance has to take place before any rusting occurs and preferably while atleast 20 jm to 30 um of metallic coating remains. This gives a maintained metal plus ‘overcoating system a longer otal life than a simple paint coating If maintenance is delayed until the eoating his been consumed and rusting has started, the iron and steel have to be maint inthe same way as rusted paimed tee ‘The total life of a metal plus overcoating system iy usually significantly greater than the sum of the lives ofthe metal coating, (given in table 2} and a suitable paint or fusion-bonded powder coating used separately. There is synergistic effect. ie. the presence of metal coatings reduces under-rustiny of dhe paint film; the paint preserves the metal coating Irom eatly corrosion, ‘Where it is desired 10 retain reasonably intact layer of paint asa basis for maintenance. the initially applied paint system should have exit thickness Maintenance usually takes place when the metal coating loses its appearance or becomes degraded. Metal coatings usually take Jonger to degrade than paint, Hence & metal coating may be recommended for 20 years or more to first maintenance whereas the sime coating whien covered by paint is, for reasons of appearance of the paint, recommended for only 10 years to first ‘maintenance. {1 should also be noted that an area of degraded paint can retain moisture and hence hasten the corrosion of metal, particularly ona surface not washed by rain, sua Project Software - Pag 13.646 8002/2150 “NS VAVASN ONY TS ON! TYNOLLVNUSLNI TaLHOG 179 JRULSNGNI IS 1HAWOD 3a VUBWYD Page 10 ENISO 14713-1999 40; 30: 20; 10: 50 100 150 1 coating thickness. in micrometres 2 coating life to fist maintenance, in years NOTE? Buch environmen is shown ssa bands the Hines show typical upper and lower coating lives for that environment. NOTE2 The spovife effects of micreenvironments are not included. Figure 1 — Typical lives to first maintenance of zinc coatings in different categories of environment based on typical ‘corrosion rates ‘Paine Yoert dn epicshe Gesuune Stenderde (¢) 2009-2008 AGRO & lave Project Sofware «Pag 14 dn 48 2002/21/80 “VS VOVABN ONSW TAS NI TYNOLLVNUGINI T2LHO3G ‘11179 SRUSNGNIIS LUaNOD 3a VEaWYD ‘Table 1 — Environmental categories, corrosion risk and corrosion rate Cade Corsi atenony Carresion ‘Corveson rate sk Average thickness for tine unyeat cr Taare Veer D1 a Tater essai conan tow Ti war Extre oxpased rl an Giri fk amity seme ae plianon Tw? Extric:b nlard mi casa GET swing poo, chenica plans] Tigh Ter trie ida inland ban coast S_] Eserioe ida with high pomity or | — Very igh er hip alin coastal ina ‘easter teperle rp Vey heh 10020 “The tices hs ao re emia in hoe giv i 99223, ence hat Frets of? um per yo swore the figures re rm o whole noses ‘The corrosion 60 ie which are applisble in ble 2 are given in he headings o each seton of he table. Toa fis approxinstion, te oreo oll metalic ine ueaces i afte same rate particular fenvretenIrom nd ee wil nol cde 10 nes fier hae i, he ighe ratios uly being ‘igh coe envio. Alain coatings Ue oot Rave gear comsion ae wth ine The ‘elaionshp 10 dats at sheet given in $0 922. ‘Chang in smosphei envionment with ime substan reduction in plain, especialy nlc tonie, as ocurred worden he pst 0 yer, hs ean that peer onoion rate ie eb ed on 198 0 995 dso fr ach envionment step ac uc lower tan sar rales even ower ates can ‘beexpesed inthe Fue if potion contin all. “enperate se wae es coroive zinc than pie al wate, Whig i ull at higher temperate. This the signed Tor sen European pert sa water. Specialist advice should Be rupht for ropa! conditions ita 6 apicalie Gawtine Standard (c) 2009-2008 ASRO & Give Project Schwa «Pea 18 din 48. Page 12 EN ISO 14713:1999 ‘800z/21180 ‘vn VaVASN ONY US ON TYNOU VNIZINI 7224936 ‘T1719 SIMLLSNANI IS LUNOD 30 VESWYO Page 12 ENTSO 14713:1999 ‘a Corresity category C2 ine corrosion rte typical < 0.7 year or <5 ives for corroxnty category C1 wil ypiealy be $e 10 times lenge Tale eat ews drips nds | Mew caing | Newareado? etre sees eneah | abe ios sn nine Tay mag SH Te an gO TaRT | — ge rumebcp grins cmteming = | asset oun Sol erode iain 1 come 90 4 sev rforegte 02085 | s30 Solslwameaed poy | 30 woke wet te op phat ee 227 cc EN » ' Waitara [ieee BOs) “spe Fa ' Tage Asie Hat 1 isis Shon <3) Ao 4 (eee 180 1260) a ee ae Depending he ths quay specified forthe he ese EN 1029) e hens fhe el ina rot ‘2002/2190 ‘VS VAN ONE TAS ON! TYNOILVNUSIN! T2LHOga ‘7/179 SRULSNONI IS LYaWOO 30 YESH Page 13 EN ISO 147131999 Table 2 (continued) By orreity etary C3 odor) igh Rumi, some wr polo, Fequen condensation (ine cornson le peal 07 near to 2 gear FS wager te 15 pear for lng exposures) Thpialieofist | Genera description andsulabiity | Meancoating | Notes (atendof sntenance tides oneach | ble 2 ean srface in ii Van apie] Ha ppabanial avakemnz ISO TT | — sy Deer) Tube ne ap gaia eg cobing© | sg 52 Laka EN (ono) Sele or unsealed spel anno 0 456 casein n 80 2081 Seley oy useled in confring 1150 100 hase 243, Tangri ch above “Te ho dip gaan i cntoing 9 a Laas 8 24) Hor ip galvaniaed eafotng w 0 1461 2s Nesam Sine) ‘Asai Hovland ater 275 ce » ' EN TOTKE or EN 0187 or SO 398) “Zins ecplse el net) 20 1 Tea ‘As aloe 9 Sex (etnte he 2 ‘8007/2180 "VS VOVASN ONY TYS NI TYNOUL YNBZZN T3LHOAA ‘PN179 STASNONI IS LNSWOD 30 YUEN ‘Panina toarte in anicalia Gastine Seandarde (c) 2008-2008 ASRO & Blue Proiact Sofware «Pag 17 din 48. Page 14 EN ISO 14713:19%9) ‘Table 2 (continued) ‘ Corraivilycregory C3 outdoor an corrosion rate typically 07 pnljear to mien, §yTyear TS /m'tyeat for long exposures "Typical ie to ist] General description upd sltatitity | — Mann coating | Notes at end of ‘malnerance tticknessoneseh | table2) car surface yon on) Varying 2 | Titipavanvadcntorning HOTT | asin kg Tai ‘alihekse eh Sed spayed annie contig 2 0 46 1802068 Seale or unsealed spayed rnc cntoening mn hase wwi80 2008 Tube hc uipgsanized cp conemingto | 4ssossH Las EN 1020) Trapt e Ry ‘Asaiive ow tobe ho ai gaanied (ef. enloring to a anes EN 10240) Hox oip gaara conforming to SO 146 2s 12349 Maia v6 10) ‘Avabove Ho dip gahonited sheet 275 ee 20 Ww EN 101424 EN 10147 o 50 49H Toned nected sect, “inc decrepit! see 2» w genera Toate Aeabove 1002721180 "VN VaVAEN ONY “M4S ONI TWNOULWNUGINI TALHOAG ‘P79 JPALSNGNI Is LUMO 3a VIMVO (Gee $0 1461) meee than ne inion mean pee Tread <6 mun dinero components Table 2 (continued) ‘) Corresivity category C4 ane coroson rae typically 2 yanyear to 4 yunlyears 15 ya year Wo 90 gear for long exposes) "Typ ie to find | General desription ane sulablty | Mean coating] Note atend of maintenance AMicnessoneach | table 2) years surface um (scien) Vay img 2am) | Hor dip pana sormang m0 1aeT * Tae tsel 2 Orn hick) Sle prayed linia cntomning to 100 ase is02088 Sle or anseaed sprayed ine conorming va 1as6 1180 2068 Tegaoneay Avabivear Hocip evar conforming 801261 | gsio 7g hand Tobe hot vip pabanized afeing EN | 4sio5s¢ hana 0240 Sian Save Toh Rr abowe re Heap galvanized sheet 275 Ge » Le EN 1012 or EN 10147 o 50 4998) Zin electophed se genea 2 19 Tue bo up ganized te. onleing Fy 12k49 EN 10240) Hori estvaniaed canton 10 SO 2 12349 sso Sheae Rssbove 3 Depening on the ing uly speci ir the ween EN 1O240 or Bikes ofthese ina pret ee Page 15 EN TSO 14713:1999 ‘800221180 "VS VAVASN ONSY TS ON! TYNOLLVNUSINI TSLHO3E ‘P19 SLSNONIIS LaNOD 3 VUaWYD: Page 16 EN ISO 147131999 Table 2 (continued) ‘2 Corrosiviy category CS, very Righ Wea corrorve hal of category) ne corresion rele peal @ pear 16 wnat: gi'eue to a perfor ong exposures) “Typo ie teint | General description and-iliy | Mean coating] Nota atend at ‘maintenance | niles on each ‘able2) year surface un (onium) Veyhagiein | Pevippahonneainckammms—aa HS TEee we sve antl, se ate? endo able Unscidsprayed alin catening to 150 46 1s02068 Una spraye site enti 100 150 hae 2068 Se pape lina sting 0 150 46 ‘so 206 Sc spray nc nfo 6 150 486 SO 2068 Tang iow) As ove Hot ip ganized cenorming 6190 4 as 12.34 (steel 26m thik? Ses sprayed lini contri to 10 486 1802068 Sele payed zine config 0 436 180 2068 Wasum Bio T) abner Hoi atvanize enorme SO 1464 | 4549708 Lake ee 2 yes very thick gvaniaed coatings egies e150 tam 20 um, Such cestings shld ot be pee nl he ae has bees cus with bo ip galvanize and Sample prog have bra sasartony ha ci gavaizd. See 80 1461 and ne 2a end of table 2 fer general vidas. a Page 17 EN 180 14713:1999 ‘8002/2150 "VNS VAVASN ONS TUS ON TWNOUYNYALN! TAHOE ‘7119 SRULSNGNI IS LASWOO 3d VEEMYD Page 18 ENTSO 14713-1999 ‘Table 2 continued) 70 pi pear wo 150 year 1) Coro calgary Inds Temperate sn water: inc comin rat peal 1 pnear 038 year “Typical fist | Genera description and suitability | Mean eating] maintenance thickness on each yer surface (isi) Veg eg eX) | Sealed spriped anna rooming > 150" ae 02068 ‘Scaled sprayed i mong 0 230 ase 1502065, Tagtivvo Jom) ‘Pacha Wporta dn eplicadie Gestuae Gtandarée fc) 2009-2006 AGRO & Bue Preact Gohmare - Pes 29 tan a8 ei alana tbe sheet and ings ly ave atonal roto when Usdin ea wae. © Brackish water maybe more oes cerenve han ea var and no Bene estates of urbity can even 8002/2150 ‘vs VAVASN ONSY Tus ON! TWNOLLVNREBLNI TRLHO3E 'TIVTO SRUSNGNIIS LuSWOO 30 VED ee Page 19 EN ISO 14713:1999 Table 2 (continued!) NOTE 1 Life wo first msi time to First aintenanee. ni for shorter periods and ate tenance of protective evtng systems: The lst of systems given in table 2, clsifed by envionment and typical 1 the options open othe specifier. The recommended treatments listed for longer lives wil always protect also economical for these shorter periods ‘able 2 can be applied to any zine eoatng wo determine life to frst maintenance, The corrosion rte applicable to each part ofthe table is sven in the heading Its impssile to achieve an exactly uniform thickness of any typeof coating. Where the tre ‘mean coating thickness ‘minimum value’ is used i the healing to the thin! column of table 2 and elsewhere i indicates minimum: input, the dverall mean is Tikely to be substantisly in excess ofthis minimum: this is important asthe zinc and aluminium coatings azeuble to provide protection to adjacent areas which may lose their coating prematiely. It shouldbe noted that thickness requirements EN 10240 are maim focal thickness requitemens. Furthermore the thickness old for coatings in thse tables may not match specified voating thicknesses in Some standard, In table 2, guidance is piven tor coatings as upped to truetural and cold-Forming grades of ha dip galvanized sheet and cold-rolled sections, on zinc electroplated sheet and on eatings thermally sprayed with zinc ay uhminium or ht dip glvanized after manufacture, Hot dip galvanized fabricated and semi-fabricated products made from thin material and fasteners and ther centifozed work waually hove ‘nermediate thicknesses of enaing (se also relevant product standrds), As the life of ll zine coatings is approximstely proportional to the thickness or mass of zine eating present the relative performance of such intermediate thicknesses ean ready be assed, The life 1 frst maintenance of metlli zine eaatings in typica atienpheres and sea waters shown in Figure I. Life inthe atmonphere inerewses with decrease in sulfor dioxide polation, other Factors remain constant, “Throughout he lb. the commonly available bo dip zalvanized sheet 2275 hasbeen identified Life ofr mintenance vals for thicker sheet coatings. the 2450 grade, ate proportionally higher. Thinner coating grades give proportionally lorie t st miter wales Zinelaluminium alloy coatings (with 5% 0 55% ahuninium) usally last longer than pure zinc: pending wider use they are not included in this table. There is widespread echnical iterate available on these classes of materials NOTE2 Thickness of ho ip galvanizing on praducts: IS 1461 specifies the stindard hot dip galvanized voting tthe equivalent of 8S tum minimum for steel 6 mm thick or more. Thinner steel, automatically hot dip galvanized tubes and centitazal work (usually threaded work and fittings) have thinner eoatings, but usually greater than 45 jm. Where it is desire to use coatings of different thicknesses to those stated, their lives ean be ascertained by calculation: the life of a zinc coating is (1 first approximation) proportion tits thickness. For Tubes, EN 10240 includes an option forthe purchiser to specif a thicker couting requirement which will give an extended service life. Hot dlp galvanized coatings thicker than 8S jim ae not specified in ISO 1461 but the general provisions ofthat standard apply and, together ith specific thickness figures. may form a specificaon capable of thcd party verification. It isessential to know the compenition of the see 10 be used and the galvanizer should be consulted before specifying as these thicker coatings may not be availabe for al types of steel. Where the see is suitable, thick coatings may be specified: the fllowing figures are given asa puideline Product und thickness. Local coating thickness Average coating thickness mm um (xinimam) am (enim) Steel 126 100) us Steel 3

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