NA to BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 British standard

NA.2.12 Amplitude of imperfections

[BS EN 1993‑1‑1:2005, 5.3.2(11)]
The method given in BS EN 1993-1-1:2005, 5.3.2(11) should not be
used for buildings.

NA.2.13 Imperfections for lateral-torsional bucking in bending

[BS EN 1993‑1‑1:2005, 5.3.4(3)]
The value of k should be taken as 1.0.

NA.2.14 Partial factors for structures not covered by BS EN 1993

Part 2 to Part 6 [BS EN 1993‑1‑1:2005, 6.1(1)]
For structures not covered by BS EN 1993 Part 2 to Part 6, the partial
factors should be appropriate for the structure and agreed with the
client.
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NA.2.15 Partial safety factors for buildings

[BS EN 1993‑1‑1:2005, 6.1(1)]
For buildings the following partial factors should be used:
γM0 = 1.00
γM1 = 1.00
γM2 = 1.10

NA.2.16 Imperfection factors for lateral torsional buckling

[BS EN 1993‑1‑1:2005, 6.3.2.2(2)]
The recommended values given in BS EN 1993-1-1:2005, Table 6.3 and
Table 6.4 should be used.

NA.2.17 Lateral torsional buckling for rolled

sections or equivalent welded sections
[BS EN 1993‑1‑1:2005, 6.3.2.3(1)]
For buildings and bridges the following values of λLT,0 and β should be
used:
a) For rolled sections and hot-finished and cold-formed hollow
sections:
λLT,0 = 0.4
β = 0.75
b) For welded sections:
λLT,0 = 0.2
β = 1.00

4  •  © BSI 2008
 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004
EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)

5.10.2.2 Limitation of concrete stress

(l)P Local concrete crushing or splitting at the end of pre- and post-tensioned members shall
be avoided.

(2) Local concrete crushing or splitting behind post-tensioning anchors should be avoided in
accordance with the relevant European Technical Approval.

(3) The strength of concrete at application of or transfer of prestress should not be less than
the minimum value defined in the relevant European Technical Approval.

(4) If prestress in an individual tendon is applied in steps, the required concrete strength may
be reduced. The minimum strength fcm(t) at the time t should be k4 [%I of the required concrete
strength for full prestressing given in the European Technical Approval. Between the minimum
Licensed copy:WSP Management Services, 27/07/2010, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

strength and the required concrete strength for full prestressing, the prestress may be
interpolated between ks [%I and 100% of the full prestressing.
Note: The values of k4and k5 for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended
value for k4 is 50 and for k5 is 30.

(5) The concrete compressive stress in the structure resulting from the prestressing force and
other loads acting at the time of tensioning or release of prestress, should be limited to:
(5.42
where fck(f) is the characteristic compressive strength of the concrete at time t when it is
subjected to the prestressing force.

For pretensioned elements the stress at the time of transfer of prestress may be increased to
k6. fck(f), if it can be justified by tests or experience that longitudinal cracking is prevented.

Note: The value of k6 for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended value is
0.7.

If the compressive stress permanently exceeds 0,451fck(f) the non-linearity of creep should be
taken into account.
I 5.10.2.3 Measurements

(l)P In post-tensioning the prestressing force and the related elongation of the tendon shall be
checked by measurements and the actual losses due to friction shall be controlled.

5.10.3 Prestress force

(l)P At a given time t and distance x (or arc length) from the active end of the tendon the mean
prestress force fm,t(X) is equal to the maximum force f m a x imposed at the active end, minus the
immediate losses and the time dependent losses (see below). Absolute values are considered
for all the losses.

(2) The value of the initial prestress force fmo(X) (at time t = to) applied to the concrete
immediately after tensioning and anchoring (post-tensioning) or after transfer of prestressing
(pre-tensioning) is obtained by subtracting from the force at tensioning f m a x the immediate
losses Afi(X) and should not exceed the following value:

77
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6 Ultimate limit states

6.1 General

(1) The partial factors 2M as defined in 2.4.3 should be applied to the various characteristic values of
resistance in this section as follows:
– resistance of cross-sections whatever the class is: 2M0
– resistance of members to instability assessed by member checks: 2M15
– resistance of cross-sections in tension to fracture: 2M25
– resistance of joints: see EN 1993-1-85

NOTE 1 For other recommended numerical values see EN 1993 Part 2 to Part 6. For structures not
covered by EN 1993 Part 2 to Part 6 the National Annex may define the partial factors 2Mi; it is
recommended to take the partial factors 2Mi from EN 1993-2.
Licensed copy:WSP Management Services, 21/08/2014, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

NOTE 2B Partial factors 2Mi for buildings may be defined in the National Annex. The following
numerical values are recommended for buildings:
2M0 = 1,00
2M1 = 1,00
2M2 = 1,25

6.2 Resistance of cross-sections

6.2.1 General

ˆ(1) P The design value of an action effect in each cross section shall not exceed the corresponding design
resistance and if several action effects act simultaneously the combined effect shall not exceed the
resistance for that combination.‰

(2) Shear lag effects and local buckling effects should be included by an effective width according to
EN 1993-1-5. Shear buckling effects should also be considered according to EN 1993-1-5.

(3) The design values of resistance should depend on the classification of the cross-section.

(4) Elastic verification according to the elastic resistance may be carried out for all cross sectional classes
provided the effective cross sectional properties are used for the verification of class 4 cross sections.

(5) For the elastic verification the following yield criterion for a critical point of the cross section may be
used unless other interaction formulae apply, see 6.2.8 to 6.2.10.
2 2 2
+ 1 x ,Ed ( + 1 z ,Ed ( + 1 x ,Ed (+ 1 z ,Ed ( + 6 Ed (
) & ,) & ) &) & , 3) & 31 (6.1)
)f 2 & )f 2 & ) f 2 &) f 2 & ) f 2 &
* y M0 ' * y M0 ' * y M 0 '* y M 0 ' * y M 0 '
where 1x ,Ed is the design value of the Štext deleted ‹ longitudinal stress at the point of consideration

1 z ,Ed is the design value of the Štext deleted‹ transverse stress at the point of consideration
6 Ed is the design value of the Štext deleted ‹ shear stress at the point of consideration

NOTE The verification according to (5) can be conservative as it excludes partial plastic stress
distribution, which is permitted in elastic design. Therefore it should only be performed where the
interaction of on the basis of resistances NRd , MRd , VRd cannot be performed.

45
ULS permissible stress in concrete scc = fcklacc f / gm
= 0.8 x 0.85 / 1.5 fck

= 0.45fck