CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT

From the given soil profile

shown, the ground surface is
subjected to a uniform increase
in vertical pressure of 12 N/cm2.
Consider specific gravity of clay
is 2.83.

Compute the buoyant unit

weight of clay, in KN / m3
Compute the overburden
pressure Po of mid-height of
the compressible clay layer, in
kiloPascals.

Compute the total settlement

due to primary consolidation in
centimeter.

STRESS DISTRIBUTION (Simple Dispersion)

STRESS DISTRIBUTION (Simple Dispersion)

STRESS DISTRIBUTION (Simple Dispersion)

STRESS DISTRIBUTION
The square footing shown in
Figure carries a load of 3,500 KN.
Assume that the stress below the
footing is distributed at a slope of
1H:2V. The clay layer is overconsolidated with OCR = 2.

Calculate the effectiveness

stress, in KPa, at the mid height
of the clay layer.
Calculate the increase in
pressure, in KPa, at the mid
height of the clay layer.
Calculate the settlement of the
over-consolidated clay, in mm.

STRESS DISTRIBUTION
Two footings A and B rest in a layer of sand 2.70m
thick. The bottom of the footings are 0.90 m below
the ground surface. Beneath the sand layer is a 1.80
m clay layer. Beneath the clay layer is hard pan. The
water table is at a depth of 1.80 below the ground
surface.

Bulk unit wt. of sand is 18 KN per cu.m.

Saturated unit wt. of sand is 20.8 KN per cu.m.
Saturated unit wt. of clay is 18.8 KN per cu.m.
Void ratio of clay is 1.03
Cc of clay = 30%
Footing A is 1.50m square, carrying a load of 450 KN
Footing B shall carry a load twice as of footing A.
Calculate the stress increase, in KPa, at the center
of clay layer assume that the pressure beneath the
footing is spread at an angle of 2 vertical to 1
horizontal.
Calculate the size of footing B, in m, so that the
settlement in the clay layer is the same beneath
footing A and B.
Calculate the settlement beneath footing A, in mm.

STRESS DISTRIBUTION
A rigid 3m square footing carries a total
load of 710 KN is constructed over a loose
sand layer.
Calculate the elastic settlement of the
footing if the Poissons Ratio of soil is 0.32,
modulus of elasticity of soil = 16,000 KPa.
Consider the influence factor = 0.88.
Calculate the primary consolidation
settlement of the clay layer if it is normally
consolidated.
Calculate the total consolidation settlement
of the clay 5 years after the completion of
primary consolidation settlement. Time for
completion of primary settlement is 2
years. Consider secondary compression
index = 0.02.

STRESS DISTRIBUTION
A tank 12 m high filled with oil having a
unit weight of 9.40 KN/m3 is to be built
on site. The existing soil profile consists
of a 3.60m sand layer underlain by a
16m clay layer. The water table is on
the ground surface. (Neglect the weight
of the tank).
Compute the compression index of clay.
Compute the settlement under the
center of the tank.

Determine the minimum depth in the

ground to which the tank must be
placed in order to minimize the
settlement.

DIRECT SHEAR TEST OF SOIL

The following are the results of direct shear tests

performed on two identical samples of the soil. In
test one, the sample shears at a stress of 71 KPa
when the compressive normal stress is 95 KPa. In
test two, the sample shears at a stress of 104 KPa
when the normal stress is 150 KPa.
Determine the value of the apparent cohesion.
Determine the angle of internal friction for the
damp sand.
Determine the shear stress at a depth of 4m if the
unit wt. of soil is 15.60 KN/m3.

DIRECT SHEAR TEST OF SOIL

A series of direct shear tests was performed on a soil

sample. Each test was carried out until the specimen
sheared (fail). The laboratory data for the tests are tabulated
as follows.

Compute the cohesion of the soil

Compute the angle of internal friction
Compute the shear strength of the soil at a depth of 4 m
below the ground surface if it has a unit weight of 15.80 KPa

TRIAXIAL TEST OF SOIL

In a tri-axial test of a cohesionless soil, the

normal and shearing stresses at failure plane
are 342 KPa and 167 KPa, respectively.

Determine the angle of shearing resistance of

the soil in degrees.
Determine the angle of failure plane in degrees.

What is the principal stress at failure, in KPa

TRIAXIAL TEST OF SOIL

A tri-axial test is conducted on a cohesionless

soil. Failure occurs when the deviator (plunger)
stress is 360 KPa. The angle of friction of the
soil is 28 degrees.
Calculate the angle that the failure plane make
with the horizontal.
Calculate the confining pressure.
Calculate the shearing stress at failure plane.

TRIAXIAL TEST OF SOIL

A sample of soil is subjected to a tri-axial test. At a

confining pressure of 60 KPa, the soil fails when the
plunger exerts a pressure of 80 KPa. The plane of
failure of the soil is 53 degrees.
Calculate the cohesion of the soil.
Calculate the normal stress at the plane of failure.

Calculate the shearing stress at the plane of failure.