REVISED

Short Tube
Design Procedure for Standard Vertical

Evaporator

HDesign of Calendria:-
Number of tubes(n) =
Heat tran_fer area/ Tube area
dia. effective
T x outside tube
x
nere, tube area =

tube length
Area occupied by 'n' tubes (A)
n x (ST) (for square pitch)
n x 0.866 (ST) (for triangular pitch)
Here S is the pitch of tube.
Also, Area (A) = an /B

downtake is considered to
be
The area occupied by the central
area of tubes, Ai
40% of the cross sectional
tubes cross sectional flow
area of a single tube(
=
0.4 x No. of x

n/4 x D) & D. =Do-2t

Here t tube thickness

The inside diameter, di, is then obtained as:

d.=(4x A,/T)2
d. +2 10
Outside diameter of downtake(d. )
=
x

downtake based on outside diameter (A

The area of
t / 4x d.2
 Therefore,
the
area of tubes + total area occupied by downtake and tube
area of
downake
Therefore, Diameter of besheet, D , is calculated as,
Dr =4 x A,/n )
Where Dr must be in mm.

2Calendria Sheet Thickness-

t(PDT/ 2fJ -P)+c
T steam pressure or working pressure is given then multiply it
with 1.1 then , we get design pressure.
P Design Pressure
DT = Diameter of tubesheet as calculated above

f =Allowable stress
J =Joint efficiency =

The calculated value of t ' after adding corrosion

allowance must be greater than 10mm,if it is less
than 10mm then take t, =
10Omm.

3The Tube Sheet Thickness

t FG (0.25P/f . +nalt +COTOon allo0one
F=(k/2+3k)2
K =(Es ts(D,-ts ))/(E Nt(d,- t))
G = DT+25

P =Design Pressure
tubesheet as calculated above
DT = Diameter of
f =

Allowable stress
4Design of Evaporator or Vaccum Drum
Tne diameter of the drum
calculated for Calendria i.e, considered
is to be the same as uiae

DI Diameter of tubesheet
=

Diameter of the Drum

To see
whether the diameter is adequate for entrainment
separator,we calculate Ra factor as,
R-((V/A) /0.0172 x( pL- p/ pv))
V =Volumetric flow rate
=Amount of water evaporated/density of vapour

A =
sectional area of the drum
cross
Tt/4 x D ( here Drshould be in m

PLdensityof liquid
pv density of vapour
Now,
ifR=0.5 then no Entrainment Seperator is required &
if R1.3 then wire mesh as Entrainment Separator is used &
if R= 0.5 then the height of drum considered as the disengaging
height is based on Drum Diameter.

Drum Thickness:- The drum is under vaccum. The outside

is atmospheric. Therefore for the design purpose the
pressure
drum is subjected to external pressure of 0.1 N/mm.Therefore
we shall assume thickness t= |2mm and length of shell and
calculate allowable stress.

P 2.42 E (t/D. )'2/ YEy (t/h2

(1- (Uod-t 4st/po
Do DT 4 oY
 (1- 4 ( (L/D.) -045 (t/ D. ))
Then calculate Pall
as,
PallPe/ factor of safety
Now, If Pal is less than external pressure of 0.1 Nmm
hen again calculate
Pa taking t 14mm and so on...
=

6)
Finalt + OGDcion alloOon
Compressive stress is calculated as
f=Pd/2t
t for which t, Pallis greater than external pressure of 0.1
N/mm.
If f is less than the given allowable stress then our design is
safe.

7) Conical Heads at Top and Bottom-

Now take t = for which t, Pall is greater than external pressure of

0.1 N/mm& L/D.= 1 and calculate Pall as,

P 2.42 E(t/D.)2
(1-" (L/D.)-0.45 (t/D. ))
C
Then calculate Pail as,
PallPe/ factor of safety