1)

TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
A)

Expl
anat
ion:

x%ofagi
vennumber'
n'=(
X/100)
*n

x=40andn=280

∴ 40%of280=(
40/
100)31*280=112

2)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
her
equi
redv
aluei
sx.

Asperquest
ion;
35%ofx=280

(
35/
100)
*X=280

X=800

3)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
B)

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
hemi
ssi
ngv
aluei
sx.

∴ 45*x=(
35/
100)33*
900

45x=315

X=315/
45

X=7

4)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)
Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
heamountbex.

Asperquest
ion:
40%ofx=250

(
40/
100)
*X=250

Now,
60%of625=(
60/
100)
*625=375

5)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
B)

Expl
anat
ion:

Asperquest
ion:

(
30/
100)
*1520+(
40/
100)
*800=(X/
100)
*5000

X=15.
52%

6)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
A)

Expl
anat
ion:

(
3/100)
/(5/
100)
*100=(
3/100)
*(100/
5)*
100

=60%

7)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
B)

Expl
anat
ion:

=25%of80

=(
25/
100)
*80

=20

8)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
B)

Expl
anat
ion:
Lett
het
hir
dval
uei
sx.

Then,
fir
stv
alue=(
20/
100)
X=(
1/5)
X

Secondv
alue=(
60/
100)
X=(
3/5)
X

Now,
(1/
5)X/
(3/
5)X*
100

=33.
3%

9)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
A)

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
hehei
ghtofSur
eshi
sxandhei
ghtofRameshi
sy.

Then,
hei
ghtofRamesh=x-20%ofx

y=x-
(20/
100)
x

y=x-
(1/
5)X=4/
5

x=(
5/4)
y

Now,
hei
ghtofSur
esh-hei
ghtofRamesh

(
5/4)
y-y
=y/
4

∴ Hei
ghtofSur
eshwi
l
lbegr
eat
ert
hant
hatofRameshbyApt
iPer
cent
age48

(
y/4)
/y*100%

Sol
uti
on2:

Appl
yfor
mul
a;
(r
/100-
r)
*100

r=20%

∴Requi
redper
cent
age=(
20/
100-
20)
*100

=25%

10)
TheCor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)

Expl
anat
ion:
I
ncr
easei
npopul
ati
on=58500-54500=4000

∴Per
cent
agei
ncr
ease=(
4000/
54500)
*100=7.
34%

11)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
D)

Expl
anat
ion:

Appl
yfor
mul
a:

P(
1-r
/100)
^n

=20000(
1-10/
100)
^2

=16200

12)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
hev
ali
dvot
es=x

Asperquest
ion;
54%ofx-
46%ofx=88

8%ofx=88

(
8/100)
X=88

So,
X=1100

∴ Tot
alv
otespol
l
ed=v
ali
dvot
es+i
nval
i
dvot
es

=1100+58=1158

13)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
A)

Expl
anat
ion:

Numberofst
udent
sfai
l
ed=40%ofboy
s(1200)+60%ofgi
rl
s(800)

(
40/
100)
*1200+(
60/
100)
*800

=480+480=960
Tot
alnumberofst
udent
s=1200+800=2000

∴ Per
cent
ageofcandi
dat
esf
ail
ed=(
noofst
udent
sfai
l
ed/
tot
alnoofst
udent
s)*100

=(
960/
2000)*100=48%

14)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)

Expl
anat
ion:

Appl
yfor
mul
a:=100-(
x+y-z)

x=25%

y=35%

z=15%

∴ Requi
redper
cent
ageofcandi
dat
es=100-(
25+35-15)

=100-45=55%

15)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
D)

Expl
anat
ion:

LetNar
esh'
smont
hlyi
ncomei
sx.

Newi
ncome=x-15%x

=X-
(15/
100)
X

=85X/
100

Theincomei sreducedby
15X/100,
So,15X/
100shouldbeaddedt
ohi
snewi
ncome(
85X/
100)
sothatitbecomesequaltohi
sori
ginal
monthl
yincome.

∴ Requi
redper
cent
agei
ncr
easei
nmont
hlyi
ncome=(
15X/
100)
/(85X/
100)
*100

=17.
6%

16)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
A)
Expl
anat
ion:

Letmaxi
mum mar
ksar
ex.

Then,
passi
ngmar
kswoul
dbe=40%x

=(
40/
100)
X=(2/
5)X

Asperquest
ion;
(2/
5)x=65+15

=200

17)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)

Expl
anat
ion:

Letsal
aryofRam i
sRs.x

Asperquest
ion;
x-(
70%ofx+15%ofx)=1500

x-85%ofx=1500

15%ofx=1500

(
15/
100)
X=1500

X=10000

18)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
B)

Expl
anat
ion:

Appl
yfor
mul
a;
(r
/100+r
)*100

r=12%

=(
12/
100+12)
*100

=10.
7%

19)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
B)
Expl
anat
ion:

Appl
yfor
mul
a:Ef
fectonr
evenue

=per
centi
ncr
ease-per
centdecr
ease-(
per
cent
agei
ncr
ease*
per
cent
agedecr
ease)
/100

=20-30-
(20*
30)
/100

=-
10-6=-16%

'
-
'si
gnshowsdecr
easei
nrev
enue.

20)
Cor
rectanswer
;opt
ion(
C)

Expl
anat
ion:

Appl
yfor
mul
a:=(
X/100+X)
*100

x=10%

Per
cent
agedecr
easei
nconsumpt
ion=(
10/
100+10)
*100

=9.
1%

21)
Answer
:d

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
henumberi
s=x

Now,
16(
2/3)%=16(
2/3)*(
1/100)=1/
6

So,
wehav
e,x+x/
6=7x/
6

Asperquest
ion,
7x/
6=1400

So,
x=6*1400/
7=1200

22)
Answer
:d

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
heor
igi
nal
fract
ions=x/
y
So,
asperquest
ion,
(x+(
200/
100)*x
)/(
y+(
350/
100)*y
)=5/
12

(
300x/
100)
/(450y
/100)=5/
12

Af
tersol
vi
ngt
hisequat
ion,
weget(
x/y
)=5/
8

Hence,
theor
igi
nal
fract
ionwas5/
8

23)
Answer
:a

Expl
anat
ion:

Not
e:Anumberdi
vi
dedby¾=mul
ti
pli
edby4/
3.

Now,
takeLCM ofdenomi
nat
orsof¾,
and4/
3

i
.e.
,LCM of4and3=12

i
.) (
3/4)*12=9

i
i
.) (
4/3)*12=16

Di
ff
erence=16-
9=7,
andor
igi
nal
=9

(
7/9)*100=77.
77%er
ror
.

24)
Answer
:b

Expl
anat
ion:

Tot
almar
ks=80

65%of40=(
65/
100)*40=26

And,
75%of80=(
75/
100)*80=60

i
.e.
,ther
equi
redmar
ks60-
26=34

So,
heneedst
oanswer34quest
ionscor
rect
lyoutoft
her
emai
ning40quest
ions.

Ther
equi
redper
cent
age=34/
40*100=85%

25)
Answer
:d
Expl
anat
ion:

Ar
ea=pi
*r*r

Pi
isconst
antsoi
tcanbenegl
ect
ed.

R*R=A

Ol
d:2*2=4

New:3*3=9

Di
ff
erencebet
weenar
ea=5,
andor
igi
nal
=4

So,
theper
cent
agei
ncr
easei
nar
ea=(
5/4)*100=125%

26)
Answer
:c

Expl
anat
ion:

Ar
eaofr
ect
angl
e=l
engt
h*br
eadt
h

Lengt
hisI
ncr
easedby37.
5%=37(
1/2)
*1/
100=3/
8

Br
eat
hisdecr
easedby20%=1/
5

l
*b=Ar
ea

Ol
d: 8*5=40

New: 11*4=44

Di
ff
erence=44-
40=4

Or
igi
nal
=40

Theper
cent
agechangei
sequal
to(
dif
fer
ence/or
igi
nal
)*100.

(
4/40)*
100=10%i
ncr
ease.

27)
Answer
:d

Expl
anat
ion:

Wecansayt
hatt
hepr
iceofoneuni
t*no.ofuni
tssol
d=Tot
alSal
e
Lett
hei
nit
ial
pri
ceofpr
oduct=100,
sal
e=100i
tems.

Then,
Tot
alSal
e=100*100=10000

ATQ,
pri
cer
educest
o25%.

So,
thenewpr
ice=100-
25=75

Sal
eincr
easet
o30%,

So,
thenewsal
e=100+30=130

Now,
thenewt
otal
sal
e=75*130=9750

Di
ff
erence=10000-9750=250

%netef
fect=(
dif
f/or
igi
nal
)*100

=(
250/
10,
000)*100=2.
5

So,
thenetef
fectondai
l
ysal
e=2.
5%decr
ease

28)
Answer
:a

Expl
anat
ion:

Mi
l
k:wat
er

Or
igi
nal
Per
cent
age:
(90%:
10%)

Or 9:
1

Tot
almi
l
k=9+1=10uni
tsofmi
l
k

Wehav
e10uni
ts=20kg

So,
1uni
t=20/
10=2kg.

NewPer
cent
age:
60%:
40%

Or
, (
3:2)

Onmult
ipl
yi
ngby3t omaket
her
ati
oofmi
l
kequal
,ast
hequal
i
tyofmi
l
kremai
nst
hesame,
the
r
ati
oofwaterbecomes6.

(
3:2)*3

Or
,9:
6(r
ati
oofwat
er)
Now,
thedi
ff
erencebet
weent
heol
dandnewr
ati
oofwat
er=6-1=5uni
ts.

1uni
t=2kg

So,
ther
equi
redkgofwat
er=5*2=10kg

29)
Answer
:c

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
hei
nit
ial
popul
ati
on=P

16(
2/3)%=16(
2/3)*1/
100=1/
6

Si
mil
arl
y,37.
5%=3/
8

57(
1/7)%=4/
7

1st
-year 2nd-
year 3r
d-y
ear

(
+1/
6) (
-3/
8) (
+4/
7)

Her
e,a+si
gni
ndi
cat
esani
ncr
ease,
anda-si
gni
ndi
cat
esadecr
ease.

Concept
:50%=Per
cent
age6apt
it
ude

Theaboveconceptshowsthatwhenol
dv al
uei
s2unit
sthena50%i
ncrementmeansan
i
ncreaseofoneunit
,i.
e.t
heoldval
uebecomes3af
tera50%incr
ement
.

I
.e.ol
dval
ue=2newv
alueaf
ter50%i
ncr
ement=2+1+3

Now,
lett
hei
nit
ial
popul
ati
onP.

Asperquest
ion:

Af
terani
ncr
ementof1/
6,t
henewv
aluewi
l
lbe7/
6.

And,
aft
eradecr
easeof-
3/8,
thenewv
aluewi
l
lbe5/
8.

And,
aft
erani
ncr
easeof4/
7,t
henewv
aluewi
l
lbe11/
7.

Now,
asperquest
ion=[
[[
P*(
7/6)
]*(
5/8)
]*(
11/
7)]=55000

So,
thei
nit
ial
popul
ati
on,
P=48000

30)
Answer
:d
Expl
anat
ion:

I
ncome=perhoursal
ary*dur
ati
on

I
ncr
easei
nperhoursal
ary=20%=1/
5

Wor
kinghour
sar
ereducedby25%=-¼

Perhoursal
ary*dur
ati
on=I
ncome

UseConcept
:50%Per
cent
age6apt
it
ude

Theaboveconceptshowsthatwhenol
dv al
uei
s2unit
sthena50%i
ncrementmeansan
i
ncreaseofoneunit
,i.
e.t
heoldval
uebecomes3af
tera50%incr
ement
.

I
.e.ol
dval
ue=2newv
alueaf
ter50%i
ncr
ement=2+1+3

ASperquest
ion:

Ani
ncr
easeof20%i
nperhoursal
ary=6/
5

Andecr
easeof25%=3/
4

Now,
asperabov
etwov
alues:

Ol
dincome:
5(perhoursal
ary
)*4(
wor
kinghour
)=20(
butt
heor
igi
nal
incomei
sgi
ven4000)

Si
mil
arl
y,newi
ncome:
6*3=18

Now,
wemul
ti
ply20wi
th200t
omakei
t=4000

Then,
18i
sal
somul
ti
pli
edwi
th200t
ofi
ndt
her
equi
rednewi
ncome.18*200=3600

31)
Answer
:a

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
henumberi
sx.

(
40/
100)*(
60/
100)*(
3/5)*x=504

x=3500

Now,
(25/
100)
*(2/
5)*3500=350

32)
Answer
:c
Expl
anat
ion:

Sol
uti
on1:

Tot
alnumberoft
off
eesgi
vent
ost
udent
s=Numberofst
udent
s*Tof
feesgi
vent
oonest
udent

=35*20%of35

=35*(
20/
100)*35=245

Tot
alnumberoft
off
eesgi
vent
oteacher
s=Numberoft
eacher
s*Tof
feesgi
vent
oonet
eacher

=40*40%of35=84

So,
tot
alnumberoft
off
ees=245+84=329

Sol
uti
on2:

20%of35=7and40%of35=14

35st
udent
srecei
ve=35*
7=245t
off
ees

6t
eacher
srecei
ve=6*
14=84t
off
ees

So,
Tot
alnumberoft
off
ees=245+84=329

33)
Answer
:b

Expl
anat
ion:

Let1%=1

Then,
10%=10,
15%=15,
and20%=20

LCM of10,
15,
and20i
s60.

Ther
ati
ooft
hei
ncomesofA:
B:C=6:
4:3

Thesum oft
her
ati
ois13,
butATQt
hesum=7800

So,
mul
ti
plyeachonewi
th600

Hence,
thei
ncomeofB=4*
600=2400

34)
Answer
:d
Expl
anat
ion:

(
50/
100)
*(x-
y)=(
30/
100)
*(x+y
)

(
x-y
)/2=(
3/10)
(x+y
)

(
x-y
)=(
3/5)*(
x+y
)

5x-
5y=3x+3y

2x=8y

y
=(1/
4)ofx

i
.e.
,yi
s25%ofx.

35)
Answer
:c

Expl
anat
ion:

Wecanwr
it
e10%i
ncr
easeas11/
10t
hati
ndi
cat
es+1i
ncr
easeper10

Si
mil
arl
y,wecanwr
it
e10%decr
easeas9/
10t
hati
ndi
cat
es-
1decr
easeper10

So,
ther
equi
rednumber=125*(
11/
10)*(
9/10)=123.
75

36)
Answer
:a

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
het
otal
mar
ks=x

Now,candi
dat
eAscores30%ofthet
otal
mar
ksandf
ail
sby5mar
ksandanothercandi
dat
e
scor
es40%ofthet
otalmarkswhi
chi
s10moret
hant
hemini
mum passi
ngmarks.

So,
(30/
100)
*x+5=(
40/
100)
*x-10

(
3/10)
*x+5=(
4/10)
*x-
10

(
3x+50)
/10=(
4x-100)
/10

3x+50=4x-100

x=150

Mar
ksofCandi
dat
eA=30%of150=45
Candi
dat
eAf
ail
sby5mar
ks.

So,
mini
mum passi
ngmar
ks=45+5=50

37)
Answer
:c

Expl
anat
ion:

Thedi
ff
erencebet
ween65%and36%oft
henumber=29%

Al
so,
thedi
ff
erencebet
ween65%and36%=58

Now,
29%i
sequal
to58.

So,
1%=58/
29=2%

Then,
100%=200

Now,
23%of200=46

Hence,
ther
equi
rednumberi
s46.

38)
Answer
:c

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
otal
vot
es=100

So,
asperquest
ion,
thewi
nnerget
s60v
otesandt
hel
oserget
s40v
otes.

Now,
thedi
ff
erencebet
weenv
otes=20,
butATQ,
iti
s2000.

So,
wehav
etomul
ti
ply20by100t
omakei
tequal
to2000.

So,
100(
theassumedt
otal
vot
es)ar
eal
sor
equi
redt
obemul
ti
pli
edwi
th100.

Ther
efor
e,t
het
otal
vot
es=100*100=10000.

39)
Answer
:b

Expl
anat
ion:

Lett
otal
vot
es=100
Then,
80v
otesar
eval
i
donl
y.

Asperquest
ion,
thewi
nnerget
s=80*
(70/
100)=56(
val
i
dvot
es)
,

So,
thel
oser
'sv
otes=80-
56=24

Di
ff
erence=32,
butATQ,
iti
s3200

i
.e.
,32*100=3200

Hence80*100=8000

So,
wehav
etomul
ti
ply32by100t
omakei
tequal
to3200.

So,
80i
sal
somul
ti
pli
edwi
th100.

Ther
efor
e,t
het
otal
val
i
dvot
es=80*100=8000