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Case Study of Pneumonia With Underlying Covid 19
Case Study of Pneumonia With Underlying Covid 19
Presented by:
Angelica Carl Mae P. Cauilan
I. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To review the anatomy and physiology of the disease.
2. To understand the pathophysiology of it.
3. To know the medical treatment such as the medications and laboratory works
involved.
4. To know the importance of laboratory and diagnostic procedures.
5. To know the nursing management for the disease.
6. To practice nursing assessment during data gathering.
7. To prioritize identified health problems of the patient.
8. To formulate nursing process as a framework in making the nursing care plan.
9. To be able to acquire adequate knowledge on health education needed by the
patient and relatives for the continuous care at home.
Table of content
Page:
I. Patient Profile………………………………………..
VI. Pathophysiology……………………………………….
I. Patient Profile
Patient name: Patient LAA
Age: 12yrs old
Birthdate: 1/1/2008
Birthplace: Echague Isabela
Civil Status: Single
Gender: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Address: Cabuago Echague, Isabela
Fathers name: Mr. X
Mothers name: Mrs. Y
Date of administration: 4/30/2020
Time of administration: 5:00pm
Chief complaint: Cough
Admitting diagnosis: Pneumonia
Attending physician: Dr. Q. Cristobal
Room: Private 6
II.Patient
History
II. Patient History
2 weeks prior to confinement She has low grade fever and productive
cough but he ignored it. Her Mother give her a medicine Solmux
I day prior to admission the patient had a right sided chest pain and
difficulty of breathing, her mother decided to bring her to the hospital
Social History:
The patient does not have any bices and bad habit, SHe lives with her
Mother and father and She’s only child daughter.
III.Overview
of the study
Introduction
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - is an infectious disease caused by a newly
discovered coronavirus.
- Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus
will experience mild to moderate respiratory
illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. Older people, and those with
underlying medical problems.
Fever
Heavy sweating
Loss of appetite
Rapid breathing
Rapid pulse
Shaking chills
Sharp or stabbing chest pain that’s worse with deep breathing or coughing
Early symptoms of viral pneumonia are the same as those of bacterial pneumonia,
which may be followed by:
Headache
Muscle pain
Weakness
CAUSES of Pneumonia
Many germs can cause pneumonia. The most common are bacteria and viruses in the
air we breathe. Your body usually prevents these germs from infecting your lungs. But
sometimes these germs can overpower your immune system, even if your health is
generally good.
Pneumonia is classified according to the types of germs that cause it and where you got
the infection.
Community-acquired pneumonia
Some people catch pneumonia during a hospital stay for another illness. Hospital-
acquired pneumonia can be serious because the bacteria causing it may be more
resistant to antibiotics and because the people who get it are already sick. People who
are on breathing machines (ventilators), often used in intensive care units, are at higher
risk of this type of pneumonia.
Health care-acquired pneumonia is a bacterial infection that occurs in people who live in
long-term care facilities or who receive care in outpatient clinics, including kidney
dialysis centers. Like hospital-acquired pneumonia, health care-acquired pneumonia
can be caused by bacteria that are more resistant to antibiotics.
Aspiration pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia occurs when you inhale food, drink, vomit or saliva into your
lungs. Aspiration is more likely if something disturbs your normal gag reflex, such as a
brain injury or swallowing problem, or excessive use of alcohol or drugs.
Risk factors
Pneumonia can affect anyone. But the two age groups at highest risk are:
CAUSES of Covid 19
Infection with the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or
SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The virus appears to spread easily among people, and more continues to be discovered
over time about how it spreads. Data has shown that it spreads from person to person
among those in close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters). The virus spreads by
respiratory droplets released when someone with the virus coughs, sneezes or talks.
These droplets can be inhaled or land in the mouth or nose of a person nearby.
It can also spread if a person touches a surface with the virus on it and then touches his
or her mouth, nose or eyes.
Risk factors
Recent travel from or residence in an area with ongoing community spread of COVID-
19 as determined by CDC or WHO
Close contact with someone who has COVID-19, , such as being within 6 feet, or 2
meters, or being coughed on — which can occur when a family member or health care
worker takes care of an infected person
Complications
Respiratory failure
Heart problems, such as heart rhythm problems and a disease of the heart muscle that
makes it hard for your heart to pump blood to the body (cardiomyopathy)
How Do We Breathe?
Breathing starts when you inhale air into your nose or mouth. It travels down the back of your
throat and into your windpipe, which is divided into
air passages called bronchial tubes.
For your lungs to perform their best, these airways
need to be open. They should be free
from inflammation or swelling and extra mucus.
As the bronchial tubes pass through your lungs, they
divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles.
The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs
called alveoli. Your body has about 600 million
alveoli.
The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here, oxygen from
inhaled air passes into your blood.
After absorbing oxygen, blood goes to your heart. Your heart then pumps it through your body to
the cells of your tissues and organs.
As the cells use the oxygen, they make carbon dioxide that goes into your blood. Your blood
then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it’s removed from your body when you
exhale.
Bronchi and Bronchus When a person breathes, air taken in through the nose or mouth then
goes into the trachea (windpipe). From there, it passes through the bronchial tubes, into the
lungs, and finally back out again. The bronchial tubes, which branch into
smaller tubes called bronchioles, are sometimes referred to as bronchi or airways.
Bronchioles are air passages inside the lungs that branch off like tree limbs from the
bronchi—the two main air passages into which air flows from the trachea (windpipe)
after being inhaled through the nose or mouth.
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in your lungs that take up the oxygen you breathe in and keep
your body going.
Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels — so small that a single red blood cell can barely
fit through them.
Blood Supply
The lungs are very vascular organs, meaning they receive a very large blood
supply. This is because the pulmonary arteries, which supply the lungs, come
directly from the right side of your heart. They carry blood which is low in
oxygen and high in carbon dioxide into your lungs so that the carbon dioxide
can be blown off, and more oxygen can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
The newly oxygen-rich blood then travels back through the paired pulmonary
veins into the left side of your heart. From there, it is pumped all around your
body to supply oxygen to cells and organs.
V.Gordon’s 11
Functional
Health Pattern
Nutritional - Patient LAA is Patient LAA is “An individual health status Nutritional and
Metabolic living a healthy on her low sugar greatly affects eating habits metabolic status
lifestyle her diet consisting and nutritional status” of patient LAA
appetite is well. mainly of fruits, (Fundamentals of Nursing has been
She’s fond of and vegetables. by Kozier p.1178) changed slightly
eating different That’s being to her
types of dishes served in the confinement and
consisting of hospital. to her medical
vegetables, condition.
fishes and
meats. She
drinks plenty of
water and
patient takes
her supplement
(Centrum.)
Activity- In the morning Patient LAA’s “Individuals who have During patient
Exercise patient LAA activities in the inactive lifestyles all who EO’s
walks around hospital are are faced with inactivity confinement,
their community limited only because of illness or injury there is a
as an exercise. within her room. are at risk for many limitation and
At her business, Patient LAA is problems that can affect his activities of
she usually sells activity- major body systems” daily living and a
door-to-door intolerance due (Fundamentals of Nursing disruption in his
goods. After her to her condition. by Kozier page 1068.) leisure and
work patient She often lies in recreation
LAA mingles bed and only pattern.
with her shifts to a chair
Siblings. Patient with the help of
LAA likes her relatives
playing outside whenever she
and watching wants to sit.
television shows She talks with
with her her relatives
siblings. whenever she
feels boredom
and frequently
watching T.V
Cognitive- Patient LAA is a Patient LAA’s “When a patient is admitted There was a
Perceptual Grade 6 pupil. present to a health agency he or change in
She can read condition affects she is confronted with cognitive and
and speaks well her cognitive- stimuli that are different in perceptual
and listens perceptual quality and quantity than pattern in terms
attentively. pattern. Her that to which he or she is of stimuli is
sensory accustomed.” limited only to
perception is (Fundamentals of Nursing, the environment
limited to her 5th ed. By Taylor, Lillis, which is within
hospital room, p.906) the hospital area
and within the and patient’s
hospital area. room.
Sleep- Rest Patient LAA Patient LAA’s “Illness that causes pain or Patient LAA’s
usually sleeps sleeping pattern distress can result in sleep sleep and rest
around 11 pm. is disturbed due problems. People who are pattern was
She drinks her to every 1 hour ill require more sleep than changed when
milk before she of vital signs to normal and normal rhythm she was
goes to bed; this be taken. Cold and wakefulness is often admitted to the
helps her to fall breeze of the disturbed. hospital. Due to
asleep. She air-conditioning (Fundamentals of Nursing her illness and
wakes up early of the patient’s by Kozier.7th ed.) other
in the morning room also adds contributing
around 5 am as as a factor to factors.
her daily routine her difficulty in
and body clock. sleeping.
Self- Patient LAA is a Patient’s LAA “Events or situations may Due to her
Perception – friendly and considers her- change the level of self- present
Self-Concept happy person. self sick. She concept overtime illness condition, there
And she use to now thinks that and trauma can also effect is a change to
play with her she can’t the self-concept” the level of
friends in their function well as (Fundamentals of Nursing patient self
neighborhood . before. by Kozier page 959 and perception and
to her clients in 962.) self concept due
their small to her illness on
business. She is her age of life.
a well- She now thinks
determined that her
person and a activities will be
very limited when
hardworking girl, she is sick.
she wants to be
happy and Her
family and
relatives is
always there for
her to give
assistance and
support. She
wants to have
good health and
live her life to “When and illness occurs,
Role- the fullest. roles changes for both
Relationship patient and family.”
Patient’s LAA (Fundamentals of Nursing
family is with her by Taylor page 63).
during her
confinement,
they are
supportive in Patient LAA
giving the achieves her
necessary emotional and
Patient LAA needs and moral support
speaks Tagalog wishing the from her families
and clearly patient to be and friends,
understands well and to which will help
English. She recover soon. her to cope with
can express The patient’s her present
her-self very visited by her condition.
well. Patient is a friends and
widower and relatives during
lives with her her stay in the
siblings. She is hospital.
also very active
and socializes
with her friends
and neighbors.
Sexuality- Patient LAA Patient LAA “Sexual response involves There are no
Reproductive doesn’t engage doesn’t engage people’s emotional changes in
in any form of in any form of psychological physical and patient sexuality
sexuality sexuality spiritual makeup, which and
plays a significant role in reproductive
sexual pattern.
satisfaction.”(Fundamental
s of Nursing by Kozier
page 980.
Coping – When she is During her “According to Folkman and The patient has
Stress- anxious patient hospitalization Lazarus, coping is the outlet to let her
Tolerance LAA wants to be patient’s LAA cognitive and behavioral feelings of
alone and haves copes by with effort to manage specific stress out by
some rest. family and external and internal interacting with
When she has friends with their demands that are the family and
problems she support. appraised as taxing friends during
used to exceeding the resources of visitation hours
communicate the person.” and the ability of
and share her (Fundamentals of Nursing the patient to
problems to his by Kozier page 1020.) adapt on her
family and condition to
friends. She lessen stress.
makes herself “A person’s values
Value-Belief busy like influences belief about
watching human needs, health, and
television or Patient LAA still illness, the practice of
playing games believe that God health behaviors and
on her will always help human responses to
cellphone. them. According illness.” (Fundamentals of Patient LAA
to her family Nursing, 5th Ed. By Taylor, believes that
they still attend Lillis, LeMone, p. 91) everything has a
Patient LAA is a mass even purpose or a
Roman without her, reason, the
Catholic, and praying for patient take her
she goes to patient’s faster present situation
mass every recovery. as a challenge,
Sunday with her and with the
family. The supports of her
patients have a families, she
great value of accepted her
sense when it condition and
comes to she will seek
religion. medical
assistance for
check-ups for
prevention of
her illness in the
future.
VI.
PATHOPYSIOLOGY
PATHOPYSIOLOGY
VII.Nursing
Care Plan
Educative:
*To give right
*Educate patient
knowledge to
about medication,
the patient
indication, dosage,
side effect of the
medicine
Treatment:
*Giving by
Bronchodilators/ *medication
antibiotic that make
medication based breathing
on doctors order easier by
relaxing the
muscles in the
lungs and
widening the
*Give a airways
supplement oxygen *To make
as ordered (via breathing
nasal cannula) easier
Dependent
Collaborative:
*Obtain blood
*Collaborative
specimen for atrial
with other
blood gas study
health care
and covid test as
provider to
indicated
know if they
have
abnormalities