R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, IX & X Enjoys unparalleled reputation for best results in terms of percentage selection www.newtonclasses.net DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION [NEET CHAPTER-WISE SOLVED PAPER] CUES 1. The layer of cells that secrete name! of tooth is (1) demobias. (2) ameloblast G) osteoblast (4) odontobas. (CBSE-PMT 1998) . The lower jaw in mammals is made up of (1) angulars. 2) mandible @) dentary (4) manila, (CBSE-PMT 1998) }. The contraction of gal adders dueto (1) gastrin @) secretin @) _cholezystokinin (4), enterogastrone. (CBSE-PMT 1998) ‘Which par of body secrete the hormone secretin? (1) Oesophagus @) Duodenum @) Stomach (4) Team (CBSE-PMT 1999) Stool of a person contains whitish grey color due tothe mal- function of which type of organ? (1) Pancreas @) spleen @) Kidney @) Liver (ale 2002) ‘The ichest source of vitamin B,, are (1) chocolate and green gram, @) rive and hen’ egg @)__carrotand chicken’s breast (4) Goat’ liver and Spadina. (AIPMT 2009) bow Cy is a vast, unpopulated wasteland.” 7. The salivary gland chromosomes in he dipteran larvae ae wse- falin gone mapping because w @ 3)" these ae easy to stain (4) these are much longer in siz. (arpstr 2005) Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have lon thee surface (1) zymogen granules 3) _phagoetic vesicles (2) pinocytic vesicles (4) mlcrovil (AIPMT 2005) ‘Which one ofthe following isthe comect matching ofthe site ‘of action on the given substrate the enzyme acting upon it and the end product? (1) Stomach: Fats H+ Micelles (2) Duodenum: Triglycerides EE Monoglyoerides ) Small intestine: Starch —==* + Disaccharide (4) Small intestine: Proteins —2°+ Amino acids (AIPMT 2008) ). What will happen ifthe secretion of parietal cells of gastic sands is blocked with an inhibitor? (1) Enterokinase will not be released ffom the duodenal mucosa and so trypsinogen isnot converted to trypsin 2) Gastic juice wil be deficient i ehymosn. G) Gastric juice will be deficient in pepsinogen. (4) nthe absence of HCI secretion, inative pepsinogen is not converted into the ative enzyme pepsin. (ATPMT 2008) a Ua _ SSUES ESTES ayR. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES Which one ofthe following pairs of food compounds in humans reaches the stomach tolly undigested? (2) Starch and celulose (2) Protein and starch @) Starch and fat (4) Fatandcetulose (AIPMT 2009) Which one ofthe following statement i true regarding diges- tion and absorption of fod in humans?” (1) About 60% of starch is hydrolyzed by salivary amylase in ‘our mouth. (2) Onyati cells in our stomach secrete the proenzyme pep- sinogen G) Fructose and amino acid ae absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carier ions like Na Chylomicrons ae small lipoprotein particles that are ‘transported from intestine ito ood capillaries. (AIPMT 2009) ‘A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother’ milk which {is white in color but the stools which the infant passes out is ‘quite yellowish. What i this yellow color due 197 (1) Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum. 2) Investinal juice (G) Bile pigments posse through bile juice. (4) Undigested milk protein casein, (AIPM 2009) If for some reason our goblet cells are non-functional this will adversely affect (smooth movement of food down the intestine. 2) production of somatostatin, (G) secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands (@) maturation of sperms. (AIPMT PRE 2010) (Carrer ons lke Na" facilitate the absorption of substances ike (1) amino acids and glucose (2) elucose and faty acids. {G) fatty acids an plycerol. (@) fructose and some amino acids. (AIPMT PRE 2010) Jaundice isa disorder of ()skinand eyes @) circulatory system 2) digestive sysem (4) excretory system (AIPMT MAIN 2010) If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially non-functional, whats likey to happen? (1) The pH of stomach will fall abruptly. (2) Steapsin will be more effective. G) Proteins will not be adequately hydrolyzed by pepsin into proteases and peptones (@) The pancreatic enzymes and specially the trypsin and lipase will not work efficient (AIPMT MAIN 2010) 1, Two fends ae eating ogether on a dining tbl, One of hem suddenly tats coughing while sallowing some fod. This Coughing would hve been due to improper movement of (tongue. 2) epilois ©) daphragm. mock (AIPMT PRE 2011) Which oe ofthe following enzymes carries om th ntl tep inthe digestion of ik in hema? () Trypsin @) Reanin 2) Pepsin (4) Lipase (AIPMT PRE 2011) Which one of the following correctly represents the normal sult human dental formula? 3133 313 2133, 23 331 © Sri 2123 223 (AIPM MAIN 2011) Oneof the constituents of the pancreatic juice while poured ito the dvodemim in humans (1) emerokinase @)_elymotrypsn. o @ ® (@)_typsinogen (yp (AIPMT MAIN 2011) ‘Anxiety and eating spicy food together in an otherwise normal hhuman, may lead © (1) diantea, G) indigestion 2) vomiting. () jnundice (AIPMT PRE 2012) Where does certain symbiotic microorganism normally ocurin human body? (1) _Vermiform appendix and rectum @)Duodenum @) Caecum (4) Orallining and tongue surface (AIPMT MAIN 2012) Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in Column I with their absorption site and mechanism in Column It Gotu Cott (0) Ghote, shoe Sal nein, civ sbeotion (@ Fron, Ne Sel inenine psi spin (3) Gye, fy aids “Dusen, moves choirs (©) Chokes Large eine siestntion (NEET 2013) 25, Theil sen igstion fia han caro y? (Lipase ) Typin @) Renin (Pein (AIPM 2019, Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0651-2562523, 9835508 NEWTONCLASSES.NETDIGESTION AND ABSORPTION [NEET CHAPTER-WISE SOLVED PAPER] 26, Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of Intestine bythe process called (1) active transport Q) facilitated transport. @) simple diffusion. G@) co-ransport mechanism. (AIPMT 2014) 7. Which of the following statements is ot correct? (1) Brunner’ glands are present in the submucosa of stomach and secrete pepsinogen @) Goblet cells are present in the mucosa of intestine and 2) Oxyotic cells are present in the mucoss of stomach and secrete HC (4) Acini are present in the pancreas and secret arboxypep- tidase (AlPMT 2015) Gastric juice of infants contains (1) maluse, pepsinogen, renin 2) muclease, pepsinogen, lipase. @) _pepsinogen lipase, rennin (4) amylase, renin, pepsinogen, (AIPMT 2018) ‘The primary demitin in human diflers fom permanent demti- tion in not having one of the following types of teeth (1) Incisors @ Canine @)_ Premolars @) Molars (RE-AIPMT 2018) ‘The enzymes that isnot present in suceus enercusis (lipase @) malas @) nucleases A) muclosidase (RE-AIPMT 2015) 31, In the stomach, gastric acid is secreted bythe (1) gastrin secreting cells. (2)_ parietal cells. G)_peptccetts (8) aid cals (NEETI 2016) 1. Which ofthe following guards the opening of hepato- pancreatic dct into the duodenum? (1) Semilunar valve ()_ Pylore sphincter (2) Meo-caccal valve (8) Sphincter of Oda (NEETI2016) Which of the following options best represents the enzyme composition of pancreatic juice? (1) Amylase, pepsin, rypsinogen, malas. (@)_Peptidase, amylase, pepsin, rennin G) Lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase (4) Amylase, peptidase, rypsinagn, rennin, (EET 2017) . Abbaby boy aged two yeas is admited to play school and passes through a dental check-up. The dentist observe thatthe boy had twenty teth. Which ect were absent” © @) Pre-polas @) Molars (8) Incisors (NEET 2017) Which cells of Crypts of Liebercthn secrete antbactrally lysozyme? (1) Paneth ces @) Kupfer ceils (2) Zymogen cells (8) Ampenafin cells (NEET 2017) ANSWER KEY L@ 1. @) 21. @) 31.@) 2@ 2.0) 22.3) 2) 3.3) BG) 2.) 33.6) 4.) 4) 4.) 34.@) 5a) 15.) 28. 3) 38. (1) ow) 16. @) 26. @) 1) 3@ 116) 18.Q) 2.0) 2&0) 9.3) 19. 2) 2. Q) 10. @) 20.4) 30. 6) COS EG Se 1 ‘Ametoblass are cells in the enamel organ which forms the tooth. They secrete enamel. Epithelial cells ine the inner sur face ofthe enamel organ, Amelobasts are derived from epithe- lium and form single ayer of very long columnar cells hat are hexagonal in cross section. Answer (2) = ‘The bone which forms the lower aw is known as mandible Its, formed by pais of bones, one of whichis known as dentary as ithods the eth Answer (2) Office.: 606 , 6 Floor, Hai iom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2562523, 9895508812, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Cholecystokinin isa peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and pro- tein Its synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum, the frst segment ofthe small intestine “Answer (3) ‘Secretin isa hormone that is produced by the digestive tract It stimulates the rolease of bicarbonate and water from the pan- creas to aid digestion. I is secreted by cells inthe duodenum when they are exposed tothe acidic contents of the empoying stomach, I stimulates the exocrine portion of the pancreas 10 secrete bicarbonate into the pancreatic Hid. ‘Answer (2) Bilirubin and bilverdin derived from the heme of aged red blood cells, is a yellow compound absorbed by the liver from the blood and secreted into bile. Most ofthe biliubin in bile is metabolized in the small intestine by bacteria and elimi nated in faeces. They provide yellowish brown color tothe stool. So, malfunction of liver leads to appearance of whitish rey stool. Answer (4) ‘Vitamin B also known as eyanocobalamin acts as a coenzyme necessary for red Blood ell formation, formation ofmino acid methionine, and entry of some amino acids into Krebs cycle and manufacture of choline (used to symthesize acetylcholine). Wis obtained from liver, kidney, milk, eggs, cheese, meat and Answer (6) ‘The salivary land chromosomes ofthe flly developed dipteran, larva aze generally polyene chromosomes that are oversized from the normal standard. chromosome. These specialized calls undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell, division to increase cel volume, thus forming a giant polytene chromosome, Answer (1) ‘The structure of small intestine is specially adapted for absorp- ion of digested food. Is length alone provides a large sur face area for digestion and absorption and that area is further increased by circular folds, vili and microvilli, Absorption in the small intestine occurs by simple diffusion, facilitated diffe son, osmosis and active transport. Answer (9) Pancreatic juice is released in intestine and contains pancreatic amylase also called amylopsin. It digests 70% ofthe starch con- vertng it into maltose, ismaltose and some dextrins. ‘Answer (3) 1. “The function of parietal cells is to secrete HCL and Castle's intinsc Factor in stomach, Pepsinogen is converted by HCI into active enzyme pepsin, Answer (8), Saliva does not contain any ft digesting or celulose digesting enzyme. Hence, fat and cellulose reaches the stomach totally ‘undigested. Answer (8), Fructose, a monosaccharide found in fut, is transported via facilitated transport. Some amino acids enter absorptive cells of ‘the villi vi Na"= dependent transport processes that are similar to the glucose transporter ‘Answer (3) Bite pigments impart yellow color in an infant’ stool ‘Answer (3) Goblet cells present in intestine secrete mucus, which help in smooth movement of food down the intestine ‘Answer (1) Antiport i type of cotransport in which both molecules move {in opposite directions. Absorption of aminoacids and glucose ‘cus through cotransport. Its facilitated by Na" ions. ‘Answer (I) Jaundice isa disoner of digestive system. It is detected by yellow coloration of the skin, sclera (whites ofthe eyes) and ‘mucus membranes due to accumulation of bilirubin (a yellow compound). Bilirubin is formed by breakdown of the heme pig- ‘ment in aged red blood cell. I is then transported to the liver and is excreted into ble, Answer (2) Parietal cell, aio called oxyntic cll of gastric gland secretes hydrochloric aid and Castle intrinsic factor which is required for absorption of vitamin B,. HCl provides acidic envionment for conversion of active pepsinogen 1 pepsin and allows it 0 act on proteins. Thus, inactivation of parietal cell would affect protein digestion Answer (3) “The epiglottis protects respiratory system from foreign parti- les. It ats as valve that automaticaly closes breathing when the food or liquids swallowed. During a cough epiglotis closes itself and ater the built up of sufficient pressure, it opens up uickly to release the air. ‘Answer (2) Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508 NEWTONCLASSES.NET 12, 8507613968DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION [NEET CHAPTER-WISE SOLVED PAPER] In humans milk protein digesting enzyme in stomach i pepsin In calves itis rennin. Rennin is also present in small amounts in human infants but not adults. Pepsin acts on water soluble ‘aseinogen (milk protein) to form soluble casein. This com- bines with calcium salts to form insoluble calcium paracascin- ate, which ges readily digested enzymatically. Answer (2) ‘eel enn a aman rena 22 Answer (4) ‘The enzymes in pancreatic juice include + Pancreatic amylase: Iisa starchdigesting enzyme. + Trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase: They are protein-digesting enzymes. ‘The protein-digesting enzymes of the pancreas are produce in ‘an inactive form (as typsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procar- boxypeptidases) just as pepsin is produced in the stomach a8 Pepsinogen. The enzyme proelastaseis aso present which gets ‘convert o elastase by trypsin, Answer (2) Dyspepala is other mame of indigestion, condition of impaired digestion. Answer (3) ‘Caecum is located inferior 10 the ieo-caccal sphincter, and is the fist segment ofthe large intestine, Acting as a blind st, it is host to symbiotic bacteria Answer (3) ‘Amino acids, monosaccharides like glucose, electrolytes like [Na’ are absorbed into the blood by active transport. Answer (1) In stomach, prorennin gets activated to rennin inthe presence of HCl and hydrolyses the soluble milk protein calcium cascin as, insoluble milk protein cakium paracasienate, forming soluble ‘curd coagulated mill. This is the frst step inthe digestion of milk Answer (3) “Monosaccharides pas from the lumen through the apical mem= brane via facilitated transport which occurs against the concen tration gradient. Fructose, a monosaccharide found in fruits, is transported via facilitated transport. Its transport involves 2 ‘carrer protein and carries fructose without uilization of ATP. Answer (2) Brunner’ gland isthe submucosal gland found in the small intestine, Answer (1) 2, Infants contained predominantly rennin to digest milk protein and pepsinogen and lipase in a small amount. Ability to assimm- late starch-based food like rice, potato et, is acquired nearly after 6 months, Answer (3) ‘The deciduous molars are replaced by the fist and second pre- ‘molars (bicuspids), which have two cusps and one root (upper first premolars have two roos) and are used for crushing and srinding. Answer (2) ‘The intestinal Juice or succus enericus is formed by the secretions of gobiet as well as brush border cells. It contains hormones, mucous, bicarbonate and enzymes for complete digestion of carbohydrates (maltase), fats (lipase) and nucleic acids (mucelosidase) Answer (3) Gastric glands in the mucosa of the stomach compose of cells ‘that empty their secretion into narrow channels called gastric pits. Types of cells are chief cells (Secrete pepsinogen), pari- tal cells (secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, sur- face mucus and mucus neck cells (secrete mucus) and G eels (ecrete gastrin) “Answer (2) ‘The opening of bile duct into the pancreatic duct is surrounded by sphincter of Boyden. The passage of pancreatic juice and bile ‘through the Iepat-pancreatic duct into the small intestine i regulated by amass of smooth muscle known asthe sphincter of ‘Oda. The other major duct ofthe pancreas, the accessory duct (duct of Santorini leads from the pancreas and empties into the duodenum about 2.5 em superior fo the hepato-pancreatic ampulla Answer (4) Pann ice ci ating nym Se 2 Pam Para ns ‘Trypsin (activated from trypsino- Pancreatic acinar cells gen by enterokinase) Carboxypeptidase (activate from ‘rocatboxypeptidase by trypsin) Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic acinar eels Pancreatic acinar cells Answer (3) Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835506812, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Deciduous teeth are begin to erupt at about 6 months of age and ‘one pair appears about each month thereafter uni all 20 are present (8 incisors, 4 canines, 0 premolars and 8 molars). They ‘are goneraly lost in the sume sequence between 6 and 12 years ofage. Answer (2) 35 Paneth cells are present in crypts of Lieber of duodenum. ‘They socrete lysozyme, a bactorcidal enzyme and are capable ‘of phagocytosis. These cells may also have role in regulating, the microbial population inthe small intestine Answer (1) Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.;: 0661-2562523, 9836508812, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET