First Lesson Pagina: 1: TH TH

First lesson Pagina: 1 [SIMPLE PRESENT]
First name: John

Surname/Family name/Last Name: Doe
Date: (the) 27th (of) April 2015 / April 27 th, 2015
by boat, by plane, by car, by vs on foot

bike, by train
Show me the direction Tell me the way
Give the direction
A little information (+) Little information (-)
A few people (+) Few people (-)
to be repaired
needs
repairing
make up to invent
up
down
turn
off
on
Take the A20 as far as the roundabout, then Mergi pe A20 pina la sensul giratoriu, apoi
turn left. intoarce la stinga
grind, ground, ground a macina, ground coffee=cafea macinata
The children watched in excitement as she Copiii au urmarit-o emotionati cum scapara
struck a match and lit the candles chibritul si aprinde luminarile
strike, struck, struck(stricken) a lovi, aici: strike the match = a scapara
chibritul
scratch, scratched a zgiria – miscare lunga
rubb, rubbed a freca
scrap a da la fier vechi, fier vechi
on my own == by myself eu singur
Regret about the present

e.g.
I had more money (but I don’t have)
Daca as avea mai multi bani
If only
Regret about the past
e.g.
she hadn’t told him the truth (but she did)
Daca nu i-ar fi spus adevarul
Each and every single day of my life Zi de zi, in fiecare ziulica, in fiecare zi a
vietii mele
to see to it to make sure
Can you see to it (make sure) that no one
use the entrance
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First lesson Pagina: 2 [SIMPLE PRESENT]
Wish about the present

e.g
you could stay = sa poti ramine
they stopped smoking = sa nu mai fumeze
they didn’t talk to much = sa nu vorbeasca mult
I don’t like this place. I wish I lived in somewhere more

interesting.
These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were travelling
first class.
Everyone wishes they had more free time.
John wishes he wasn’t so busy.
I wish it wasn’t so cold.
Wish/Regret about the past
I wish
e.g.
mi-as dori
my parents had warned me about that (but they didn’t) = sa ma
fi avertizat
I wish I had worked harder when I was at school.

Mary wishes she had listened to what her mother told her.
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month
Wish about the future
e.g.
they wouldn’t sleep too much
I don’t like my work. I wish I could get a better job.

That’s a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop.
I always have to get home early. I wish my parents would let
me stay out later
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Lesson 2 Pagina: 3 [SIMPLE PRESENT]
2015-05-15
Exercises
I. Put the following into the a) 3rd person singular, b)negative, c) interrogative
1) I like classical music very much.
a) He likes classical music very much.
b) I don't like classical music very much.
c) Do you like classical music very much?
2) They live in small houses
a) He lives in a small house
b) They don't live in small houses
c) Do they live in small houses?
3) We go to church every Sunday
a) He goes to church every Sunday.
b) We don't go to church every Sunday.
c) Do you go to church every Sunday?
4) They always spend their holidays abroad.
a) He always spends his holidays abroad.
b) They don't always spend their holidays abroad.
c) Do they always spend their holidays abroad?
5) You wash your hands before breakfast.
a) He washes his hands before breakfast
b) You don't wash your hands before breakfast.
c) Don't you wash your hands before breakfast?
6) My children always lose their pocket money.
a) My child always loses his pocket money.
b) My children don't always lose yheir pocket money.
c) Do my children always lose their pocket money?
7) Babies cry when they are hungry.
a) Baby cries when he is hungry.
b) Babies don't cry when they are hungry.
c) Do babies cry when they are hungry?
8) You always carry an umbrella.
a) He always carries an umbrella.
b) You don't always carry an umbrella
c) Do you always carry an umbrella?
9) These cars often break down (descompun)
a) This car often breaks down.
b) These car don't often break down.
c) Do these car often break down?
10) I shave twice a day.
a) He shaves twice a day.
b) I don't shave twice a day
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c) Do you shave twice a day?

11) My friends often try to cook their own meals.
a) My friend often tries to cook his own meals.
b) My friends don't often try to cook their own meals.
c) Do my friends often to cook their own meals?
12) These planes fly over the beach very often.
a) The plane flies over the beach very often
b) These planes don't fly over the beach very often
c) Do these planes fly over the beach very often?
13) These artists paint portraits only.
a) This artist paints portraits only.
b) These artists don't paint portraits only.
c) do these artists paint portaits only?
14) We buy and sell second-hand cars.
a) He buys and sells second-hand cars.
b) We don't buy and sell second-hand cars
c) Do we buy and sell second hand cars?
15) These prisoners lie in bed all day.
a) The prisoner lies in bed all day
b) These prisoners don't lie in bed all day.
c) Do these prisoners lie in bed all day?
16) Good boys kiss their parents good night after prayer
a) A good boy kisses his parents good night after prayer.
b) Good boys don't kiss their parents good night after prayer
c) Do good boys kiss thei parents good night after prayer?
17) My students speak spanish very well.
a) My student speaks Spanish very well.
b) My students don't speak english very well
c) Do my students speak Spanish very well?
18) English people still eat a lot of pudding
a) English man still eats a lot of pudding
b) English people don't still eat o lot of pudding
c) Do english people still eat a lot of pudding?
19) Grandmothers really spoil their children.
a) Grandmother really spoils her children.
b) Grandmothers don't really spoil their children.
c) Do grandmothers really spoil thei children?
II. Add questions tags to the following sentences:

1. I look horrible in these shorts, don't I?
2. You know where she lives, don't you?
3. She never drinks brandy, does she?
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4. He plays tennis very well, doesn't he?

5. They usually have lunch at one o'clock, don't they?
6. He doesn't employ foreigners, does he?
7. I think, I'm right person for this job, aren't I? (situatii "aren't I?")
Se foloseste "aren't I?" pentru persoana 1 negativ. Nu exista "am not i?
8. This book belongs to Martha, doesn't it?
9. You realize how much it costs, don't you?
10. It seems to me he isn't very rich, is he?
11. I'm sure you know who sing that song, don't you?
12. You're not a student, are you?
13. They hardly ever talk to strangers, do they? (hardly ever=aproape niciodata, situatii)
14. She thinks we are very rude, doesn't she?
rude=primitiv
15. The police never catch any thieves, don't they? do they?
never - any vs don't any, explicatii
16. They say she wears a wig, doesn't she? don't they?
wig = peruca
17. Inflation appears to be rising again, doesn't it?
18. We still have a lot of time, don't we? (don’t we/ Haven't we)
Nu se foloseste have fara verb auxiliar
don't we? vs haven't we?
1. He has to work rather hard, doesn't he?
2. You must think I'm fool, don't you?
III. Write questions to the following statements:

1) The Jacksons usually have breakfast at 7 a.m.
What time do the Jacksons usually have their breakfast?
2) She visits her old mother at least twice a week.
How often does she visit her old mother?
3) They live together because she loves him.
Why do they live together?
4) He sells computers and hi-fi equipment.
What does he sell? (What (kind of) goods does he sell?)
5) We normally spend our weekends in the country
Where do we you normally spend our your weekends?
6) He earns his living by painting people's houses
How does he earn his living?
7) We want to settle down in Brazil
to settle down = a se stabili
Were do we you want to settle down?
8) His sister washes his shirts
Who does wash his shirts? (Who washes his shirts?)? Cind se scrie fara does?
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Who si what devin subiect transformind afirmatia in intrebare fara sa mai fie nevoie de verb
auxiliar
9) This bottle contains poisen
What does contain this bottle? What does this bottle contain?
Wh_word+Vaux+S+P
logica verbelor fara ing?
10) It smells horrible.
How does it smell?
11) The beach is about half a mile from here
How far is the beach from here?
12) Gasoline costs $1.50 in this country
How much is gasoline in this country?
How much does cost gasoline?
13) It takes three ours to get there by plane.
How long does it take to get there by plane?
14) She works here because she lives nearby.
Why does she work here?
15) Lawrence Olivier plays Hamlet in that film.
Who does play Hamlet in that film? (Who plays Hamlet in that film?) does???
16) The weather is usually wet in this part of country.
What is usually the wether is the weather usually in this part of country?
17) It's the tallest of them that plays basketball.
Wich one of them does play basketball? (Wich one of them plays
basketball?)????????????............
18) More then twenty families live in this house.
How many families live in this house?
19) It's the maid's responsability to keep the room clean.
maid = servitoare
Whose responsability is to keep the room clean?
20) She resembles her mother.
resemble = se aseamana, seamana
Whom does she resemble?
IV. Ask questions about the underlined parts of the following sentences:
1) The landlady locks the door after midnight.
When / What time does the lanlady lock the door?
2) The car belongs to the Mayor.
To whom does belong the car? Who does that car belong to?
To whom does that car belong? este forma mai politicoasa
3) I'm sorry, I'm late.
Why are you sorry?
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4) The post arrives once a week.

How many times does the post arrive? (How often does the post arrive?)
5) Leo usually travels to work by train.
How does Leo usually travels to work?
6) A newsagent sells newspaper.
How kind of goods does newsagent sell? (What does a newsagent sell?)
7) There are only ten chairs in this room.
How many chairs are there in this room? (de ce there)
In camera EXISTA ten chairs.
8) I usually take an aspirin when I have a headache.
Do you usually take something for your headache?
What do you usually take when you have a headache?
9) Richard plays the lead guitar in that band
lead guitar = chitara solo
Who does play plays the lead guitar in that band?
10) She reads detectives stories mostly
What kind of stories does she read mostly
11) Jimmy spends his free time playing computer games
How does Jimmy spend his free time?
HOW / In what way does Jimmy spend his free time?
How este forma corecta (Roxana said!)
12) At Halloween American kids dress up as ghosts
When/What time of year do American kids dress up as ghosts?
13) Your father smokes at least 40 cigarettes a day.
How many cigarettes a day does your father smoke a day?
14) They move to a new house every three years.
How often do they move to a new house?
15) We play bridge in the evenings
What do you play do in the evenings?
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V.Fill in the blanks with appropiate verbs in the Simple Present:

The Morgan family lives (1) in California. Mr Morgan works (2) as an airline pilot while Mrs.
Morgan takes (3) care of the household and the children.
household = gospodarie
She wakes / gets [4] up early every day and cooks makes/fixes/prepares(5)
uzual micul dejun se face/se prepara nu se gateste
breakfast for everyone, while Mr. Morgan make goes (6) jogging in the park near their house. At
7.30 they have /eat (7) a big breakfast. Then Mr Morgan leaves[8] for the airport. He usually
goes flies[9] to Phoenix, Arizona, and returns [10] home about 6 p.m. Meanwile the children goes
enjoy[11] themselves in the kindergarten and Mrs Morgan goes [12] shopping, cooks[13] the
dinner, washes [14] up, mows[15] the lawn, waters[16] the flowers in the garden, and
feeds/walks[17] the dog.
kindergarten = gradinita
mow, mowed, mown = a cosi
By the time, her husband comes gets[18] back home Mrs. Morgam is so tired that she finds[19] it
difficult to keep him company when he watches[20] a late night show on television.
by the time = pina cind
washes up = ?...
finds it = ?...
VI. Transform the following sentences or pairs of sentences into single statemens preserving the
original meaning. Use the beginnings provided in each case.
1) How often do you visit your dentist? Can you tell me?
Can you tell me how often you visit your dentist?
2) Where does she come from? Do you know?
Do you know where she comes from?
3) They arrive at Heathrow. Call me then
Call me immediately they arrive at Heathrow
4) The president seems to aprove the plan.
It seems that the president approves the plan
5) What time does the show begin? Ask that man
Ask that man what time the show begins.
6) The English don't smoke as muchh as Poles do. The French don't either
Neither the English nor the French don't smoke as much as Poles do
7) Where does this road lead to? They don't have any idea
They have no idea where this road leads to
8) How many of us want to join the army? Not a single person.
None of us wants to join the army.
9) How old is she? May I ask?
Do you mind if I ask /my asking how old is she?
-my asking - forma mai politicoasa
-She is = S+P
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10) They make the best pizzas in the world in this restaurant.
Nowhere in the world makes pizzas better do they make better pizzas than in this restaurant
Nowhere aici este negatie
VII. Transform the following into equivalent sentences using the words given in parantheses:
1) They don't wear any clothes (no)
They wear no clothes
2) Never call me stupid (ever)
Don't call me stupid ever. Don't you ever call me stupid
3) We don't have parties very often. (rarely)
We have parties rarely. We rarely have parties now
4) I'm really very sorry (do)
...I do apologize
I do este echivalent cu I really aici. Do accentueaza afirmatia.
5) Let's go for a walk (why)
... Why don't we go for a walk/Why not go for a walk
6) Give my regards to your mother. (remember)
... Remember me to your mother (!!!!?????....)
7) They almost don't see each other these days. (hardly)
They hardly see each other these days
8) How much does it cost? (What)
...What does it cost
Exprimarea este gresita, corect este What's the price? (cf Roxana)
9) I don't remember the name of the place now. (forget)
I forget the name of the place now.
10) Do you want a drink? (feel)
... Do you feel like a drink?
Forma generala: Do you feel like V-ing? aici: Do you feel drinking?
VIII Answer the following questions in one sentence:

1) How do you do?
Fine, thank you Gresit, se raspunde tot cu How do you do?
2) What's your last name?
My last name is Solomon
3) How do you spell it?
S-o-l-o-m-o-n
4) Where do you come from?
I come from my home Romania
5) Where do you live now
I live in Bacau, Romania
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6) How old are you?

I'm not never too old to learn English.
7) How much do you weigh?
With I weigh 8 to 12 Kg more than I should to be.
8) How are you today?
I feel good. THINK PINK = Fii optimist!
9) Do you play tennis?
No, I don't (play tennis).
10) What sports do you do?
I don't do any sport.
11) HaveDo you have any hobbies?
Yes I have, I like photography.
12) What time do you get up?
I get up at 4.30 a.m from Monday to Friday and 6.00 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday.
13) What time do you go to sleep?
I go to sleep between 10.30 p.m and 11.00 p.m. every day.
14) What do you do on Sundays?
On Sundays I (like) to go by my car drive around.
15) How Often do you watch TV.
From seldom to not at all. Almost never
16) What kind of clothes do you like?
I like cotton clothes.
17) How do you get the school from home?
I don't go to school any more, except the on Tuesday every week when I have my eEnglish
lessons.
18) Why do you want to study?
Firstly I need to find a better job firstly, then I want to improve my communication skills.
19) What kind of music do you like?
I like the 70's Rock and Pop, I also like reggae and rhythm&blues very much.
20) What do you think of abortion?
The abortion is an unwelcome issue, unfortunately it happens.
IX. Form complete sentences by putting the following words into the correct order:
1) Michael Jackson receives many letters from his fans.
2) He phones his girlfriend from New York every night.
3) After the supper he usually reads the papers or watches the TV.
He usually reads the papers or watches TV after supper
4) I wonder if Susan wants to marry that man.
5) Ralph studies at Princeton but he doesn't want to live there.
6) Is it true that people never drink alchool and eat no pork?
7) I hope he finds your instructions very helpful.
8) It takes about half an hour to travel from Piccadilly Circus to Westminster by underground.
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9) We don't normally visit the Zoo unless the children really want to go there
10) In spite of what his diploma says I doubt that he can speak seven languages fluently
X. Find the romanian equivalents for the following english proverbs:

1) Too many cooks spoil the broth.
broth = supa de bulion, bulion
Prea multi bucatari strica supa <=> Copilul cu doua moase ramine cu buricul netaiat
2) One swallow dosen't make a summer.
swallow = git, rindunica, inghititura de apa/mincare
O rindunica nu face vara <=> Cu o floare nu se face primavara
3) Never look a gift horse in the mouth
Calul de dar nu se cauta la dinti.
4) Half a loaf is better than none.
loaf = piine intreaga, capatina de varza
O jumatate de piine e mai buna decit nimic <=>...
5) Don't count your chickens before they hatch.
hatch = clocire, a scoate din gaoace
Nu-ti numara puii inainte de a cloci!
6) Clothes do not make the man.
Nu haina il face pe om.
7) All that glitters is not gold.
Tot ce straluceste nu e aur <=> ...
8) The early bird catches the worm
Pasarea timpurie prinde viermele <=> Cine se scoala devreme departe ajunge
9) It never rains but it pours.
Niciodata nu ploua dar toarna <=>
10) Still waters run deep.
Apele linistite sunt adinci
XI Choose the one word or phrase marked A, B, C, D wich best completes each of the following
sentences:
1) I ___ my best practise the violin every day
A. exercise, B. work, C. do, D. play
2) Please,___ start the discussion again
A. don't let's, B. don't let, C. let's don't, D. don't let to
3) Let's ___ tell Mummy about it.
A. don't, B. not, C. doesn't, D. not to
4) ___ smiling! Life is beautiful
A. do, B. go, C. keep, D. take
do - se foloseste doar cu infinitiv
5) Phill is a serious person. He ___ comedy.
A. dislikes, B.does like, C. likes, D.don't like
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6) How often ___ elections in your country?

A. you have, B. have you, C. do you have, D. have you got
7) I can keep an eye on the house till your father ___ back.
A. gets, B. goes, C. returns, D. will come
8) This view ___ me of my childhood days
A. recalls, B. remains, C. reminds, D. remembers
9) I live in Manchester an I don't understand why my daughter ___ to London so often.
A. leaves, B. comes, C. arrives, D. goes
10) Look at this books! Why ___ buy some of them for your father?
A.don't we, B. we do, C, we don't, D. do we
XII. Identify the one underlined word or phrase (marked A, B, C, or D) that you think is incorrect.
Choose E if the sentence contains no errors
1) He does appear (A) to be a little stupid, isn't he (B) ? But he certainly works (C) harder than
anyone else does(D).
2) The notice on the wall reads (A) : "In case of fire break (B) the glass and push(C) the button.
Don't panic (D)"
3) I believe (A) it is (B) mathematics that give (C) him the most pleasure when he's(D) alone in his
study.
4) Of course if you heat(A) ice, it melts(B), but don't you ever put(C) the electric heater into the
freezer again unless you want the food to go bad (D)
5) The crossroads near my house does (A) seem(B) to be quite safe for the kids who pass(C) this
are , but the police keeps (D) an eye on the local traffic all the same.
Raspunsuri carte:
1.A, 2.E, 3.C, 4.E, 5.D
Explicatii pentru:
does appear
does seem
does accentuiaza verbul, echivalent cu explicatia de mai sus (really)
the food go bad
XIII. Translate the following sentences into English. Do not change anything in the parts already
translated.
1) Cu ce te ocupi?
What do you do for a living ->What do you do for a living?
2) De obicei mergem la schi la Cortina d'Ampezzo.
We usually go for sky to Cortina d'Ampezzo ->We usually go skiing to Cortina d'Ampezzo
Uzual go+V-ing
3) Scuzati-ma, la ce ora pleaca trenul pentru Brighton?
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Excuse me, what time the Brighton train goes to? ->What time does the Brigh0ton train leave
4) Totul e bine cind se termina cu bine
All's well when it finishes well -> All's well that ends well
5) Mergeti drept inainte si apoi a doua strada la stinga
Go straight forward and then take to second left street.
->Go straight ahead/on and then take the second left
6) "Imi pare rau dar nu-mi aduc aminte unde lucreaza ei" "Nu conteaza".
I'm sorry, I can't remember where they work. It doesn't matter.
-> can't vs don't
7) Anunta-ma daca observi ceva suspect
Let me know if you see /notice anything suspicious.
8) Daca el continua sa te enerveze, spune-i profesorului
If he continues to annoying you, tell the proffesor
-> If he keeps annoying you, tell your teacher
9) Nu ma intereseaza ce a spus ea despre hainele mele
I don't care what she says about my clothes
-> I don't care what she said about my clothes
10) Nu te grabi; avem destul timp
Take your time; we have plenty of time -> Take it easy,...
XIV. Translate into English

1) De obicei ne ducem la mare, insa din cind in cind ne petrecem vara la tara
We usually go at the seaside, but from time to time we spend our summer in the countryside.
2) Tatal meu nu se uita niciodata la televizor duminica.
My father never watches TV on Sundays
3) Detest multimile, asa ca ma duc rareori la cumparaturi.
I hate the crowds, so I seldom /rarely go shopping.
4) Fata aceasta poarta vreodata rochii
Does this girl ever wear dresses ever? ***************
5) Mos Craciun ne aduce intotdeauna ceva de Craciun.
Santa Claus always brings us something on for Christmas.
6) Din pacate, nu ne ducem aproape niciodata la teatru.
Unfortunately we hardly ever/almost never go to the theatre
7) Stii cit costa acesti pantofi?
Do you know how much are these shoes are / costs?
8) Nu stiu cit costa, dar am intradevar nevoie de o pereche pentru iarna.
I don't know how much they are/costs, but I do need / realy need one pair for this the winter.
9) Bunicul plimba ciinele de trei ori pe zi.
My grandfather walks the dog/takes the dog out for a walk three time a day.
10) Sper ca prietenul tau nu fumeaza.
I hope your friend doesn't smoke.
11) De ce vrei sa pleci in Statele unite?
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Why do you want to leave for/go to United States?

12) Iarta-ma. Te iubesc.
Forgive me. I love you.
13) Nu ma face sa rid. Oricum nu te cred.
Don't make me laugh. I don't believe you anyway.
14) Ai incredere in mine. Nu mint niciodata.
Trust me. I never lie.
15) Cit cistiga el? N-am idee cit cistiga dar stiu ca cheltuieste mult.
How much does he earn? I have no idea how much he earns, but I know he spends a lot.
16) Acolo nu se intimpla niciodata nimic interesant.
There doesn't happen anytime anything interesting.
Nothing interesting ever happens here
17) Fratele meu mai mare prefera sa schieze decit sa patineze
My bigger elder brother prefers skiing then to skating
18) Sa nu mergem cu masina. Nancy vrea ca noi sa mergem pe jos
Don't let's go by car. Let's no drive. Nancy wants we us to walk /go on foot. ????????!!!
19) De regula nu ne culcam inainte de miezul noptii
Usually As a rule we don't go to sleep before until midnight. /we stay up until midnight
E bine Usually (cf Roxana!)
20) Crezi sau nu, dar noi reusim intotdeauna.
Believe or don't, but we always manage. Believe it or not don't, but we always succeed
succeed = a reusi, a urma a succeda
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Lesson 3 Pagina: 16 Prezentul simplu – Prezentul Continuu
Vocabular
cycle s.: ciclu, bicicleta, perioada
v.: a reveni la intervale regulate, a se misca in ciclu, a merge cu bicicleta
breed s.: Soi, neam, rasa, specie

v.tr: a creste, a crea, a educa, a da nastere, a naste(fig), a crea a produce
v.intr.: a procrea, a se reproduce, a se inmulti, a se naste
feet s.: laba piciorului, picior (u.m lungime)
cough a tusi
purr a toarce
to take over a prelua
Extension activity - Prezentul simplu-cartea 1

Make a list of five facts from this unit which interest or surprise you.
1. It is very interesting how antibodies work together against harmful microorganisms. I think
antibodies must be Germans or Japanese, surely not Romanians because Romanians can’t
(couldn’t) do anything together.
2. The male Emperor penguin is the most remarkable in the world of men. He stays alone 65
days with no food, taking care of the next generation. He fights against the winter standing
with the egg on his feet, keeping thus the egg warm. In this time Meanwhile his mate goes
at the seaside, she is [ori fara she is ori la rezentul simplu, fiind o insiruire de activitati se
recomaqnda presentul simplu] swimming, basking bathing in the sun and feeding at least
three times a day. It is an injustice. [It’s unfair]
3. The strangest question in this unit is: “Do you have hair on your tongue?” I wonder, is there
anybody who has hair on his their tongue? (is there anybody having hair on his their
tongue?)
4. Romeo and Juliet is the most beautiful love story, but also it is unreal. Nevertheless there
are many unhappy lovers that put their story letters under the Juliet’s balcony, hopping
hoping in for miracles.
5. A very interesting note: there is a Prime Minister that travels abroad in his own private
aeroplane. I wonder, when has he bought did he buy [pentru ca este un eveniment din
trecut, nu are legatura cu prezentul] his own aeroplane, before or after he became a Prime
Minister?
Write ten sentences about your routines or habits.

1. I usually have two or three coffees [coffe nu are plural, dar ar fi trebuit sa scriu cup of coffe]
a day. But the best is that I drink with my wife in the morning on Sundays and sometimes
Saturdays too. During that time We are talking and planning what and how we have to do,
while our black tomcat purrs is purring on my lap. He doesn’t miss any tenderness
moment.
2. When I go on a trip, I usually take my camera. It is a middle range camera with a good
control of light. If you want to take good pictures, firstly you must adjust the quantity of
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light that reaches the sensor, then the whole picture or part of it must to be in focus.
Without this two things it doesn’t matter how gifted you are or how expensive your
camera is.
3. My daughter Alice lives in Brussels. She earns her living on a private company that print on
paper the content of Facebook account for the persons that want to do that. Her job is to
take over the orders that come through emails, and to discuss with the account owner the
details of what to be printed, how many pages to have and what quality of paper to be:
glossy, mate, (etc). She has a computer from company, an Apple PowerBook, and a specific
software that helps her to design the final product. The final product is a book. It’s named:
My Social Book.
Vocabular
chase s.: scobitura, adincitura, urmarire
v.: a grava, a sapa, a vina, a urmari, a alunga, a fugari
last adj: ultimul

adv: ultima data
s: calapod pentru ghete
v: a dura, a dainui
head for a se indrepta spre
cattle Bovine
furniture Mobilier
second dish felul doi
Belly Burta
Extension activity Prezentul continuu - cartea 1

Write five true sentences about your continuig activities with learn, read, write, study and try to.
1) I am studying my English lesson right now. *la momentul vorbirii
2) At Roxana I am learning English. *continua si neterminata
3) He is reading all the day.
4) The Earth is trying to survive to the homo sapiens evolution. *situatie de stare
5) I am writing my homework on a computer, it is better than to be handwritten.
Write five sentences about yourself, people you know, your school… describing changing situation.
1) I don't grow any more, I am an adult. Only my belly is growing.
2) I am decided, I am not easily changing my mind.
3) Fridays are always making me happy because after that is beginning the weekend.
4) On my job I am usually watching the back-up operation of the important dates for the
company, installing new softwares, teaching users to use their specific software and many
other useful activities.
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5) On Saturdays afternoon we have administrative program and my duty is vanishing the dust on
the furniture and cleaning the carpets, meanwhile my wife is cooking the best borsch (cf.
google-translate) in the South-East of the Europe and a second dish and of course a delicious
dessert.
Nuisance nociv, inconvenient, neplacere, suparare

Annoying Enervant
Who currently facing care se confrunta in prezent
Reckless overtaking depasire nesabuita (overtaking = depasire)
throughout pretutindeni, in lung si-n lat, (de-a lungul)
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Homework
Photography - 5tips and tricks
Taking pictures in a church.

Our orthodox Orthodox churches are, with no exception, darkened, but they often have beautiful
paintings and sometimes wonderful stained glasses. Let’s assume you are a tourist, having a
camera, and wanting to take pictures in an orthodox church. You want to get the paintings and the
stained glasses also in the same picture. In this situation there must be a problem. If you adjust the
exposure for the paintings level of light, than then the stained glasses are going in clipping,
meaning white spots with no details. On the other hand, if you adjust the exposure for the stained
glasses level of light, the paintings are going to black out, meaning most of them will be dark with
no details. The solution is bracketing that is a feature of any contemporary camera. This means
that the camera takes two or three shots with different exposures. Find a steady position, the
best is to have a tripod, set the camera in bracketing mode with a gap of 1 to 3 stops (aka ev) and
go on. When you return at your home you can combine this 2 or 3 photos with a specific software
like Adobe Photoshop, or HDR, or something else. In the final product the paintings and the
stained glasses looks good with a correct level of light and details.
Shoot -> V
Shot -> S
Shoting Shooting against the sun!
To take a picture of a landscape or maybe a people group having the sun in the frame, you can try
following settings: put the aperture at 16 value and the speed at the same value as ISO. For
example, if the scene is static with no people or other creature you can put the speed at 1/100 s
and ISO at 100 value. If there are children or creatures like horses or cattle increase the speed and
the ISO value according to the new speed value. Also if you have people you must to (verbele
modale fara prepozitie) use at least one additional light, meaning a flash on top of the camera. The
flash built in camera is better than nothing, but is strongly recommended to have an external one.
Take care to not to exceed the synchronization time that is usually 1/200 s or 1/250 s, and it is
specific to each camera.
What if the bride is taller than the bridegroom.

In a such case there is nothing to do, but the photographer can improve the results with a little
change of the habit. Usually the photographer takes the shots from the right side of the church
closer to the bride and further away from the bridegroom. He only have has to go to the other
side of the church, thus the bridegroom looks to be taller because of the perspective.
Taking macro shots without a macro lens.

We say about a photo that is macro (We call a photo macro) when ratio of size image on the
sensor and the size of subject is minimum 1:2, but usually 1:1 or bigger. This means that you can
view on the screen the finest details of an insect or of the grass thread or of whatever you want.
For this kind of shots there are dedicated lenses that aren't always affordable. If you don't have a
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macro lens you can use a second lens reversed back held before of in front of the main lens. This
second lens can be from an old camera, for example I have one from a Kiev camera.
Adjust the speed depending on focal length.

For a static scene it is recommended to adjust the shutter speed at a value equal or bigger than
the focal length. This is not a problem for a prime lens with focal length equal to 35 mm or 50 mm,
but it can be a problem if we take a shot with telephoto at 300mm or 600mm. Increasing the
speed up to 1/600s might be an exposure problem if the scene is not well lighted lit.
Vocabular UNIT2 – Present continuous vs Present simple

concern ingrijorare, neliniste
express a exprima, tren expres, expres clar rapid
outbrake izbucnire
strain incordare, tensiune, a incorda a se incorda
wreckage ramasite, resturile unui naufragiu
overturn rasturnare, a se rasturna
inquire a se interesa, a se informa
inquiry cercetare, investigatie
creep a se tiri, a se furisa
cage cusca, colivie
tuition invatamint scolarizare
to pay his tuition sa-si plateasca scolarizare
to point out a arata, a sublinia
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Revision Present Simple, Present Continous

Rules
Present Simple
 facts or things that always happen
 routines and habits
 timetable events
 plots of film, stories and plays
 informal spoken intruction
 newspaper headlines
 verbs reporting news
 in jokes for narrative events
Vocabulary
plots Povestirea, descrierea evenimentelor care alcatuiesc o poveste
A plot is composed of casual events, which are a series of sentences
linked by "and so"
Casual intimplator, ocazional
Present continous
 actions happening at the moment of speaking;
 continuing, unfinished actions which are not actually happenting at the moment of
speaking; verbs that describe activities which continue for sometime (rain, read, work,
write...)
 changing situation
 future arrangement
 to criticize actions that we feel are irritating or annoyng (we are continually interrupting;
he's forever getting into trouble)
Homework
1) How to take great shots in the nature? (informal spoken intruction)

a) First of all you go in a beautifull location for a weekend or an entire holliday, enjoy
yourself, be happy, don’t miss any party, get adrenaline, feel alive… and don’t forget to
take the camera with you!
2) What else are you doing when while you go by bus?
a) I am usually looking out of the window, being carefully not missing the destination.
While I am looking out of the window, I am careful not to miss the destination
3) How can do start your car smoothly?
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a) With the engine started and gearshift lever in neutral position, you press down the clutch
fully while shifting the lever in first gear, race the engine a little and release slowly the
clutch until it engages and the car is beginning to move.
b) With the engine started and gearshift lever in neutral position, you press down the clutch,
then with the clutch pedal fully pressed you shift the lever in first gear, race the engine a
little and release slowly the clutch until it engages and the car is beginning to move.
4) What plans do you have for this summer holiday? What are you doing this summer?
a) I am leaving for seaside next month.
5) Which What is your work program.
Which se foloseste cind trebuie ales intre doua sa mai multe optiuni
a) My program starts at 8 a.m. and it ends at 04 p.m. each day from monday to friday.
Formarea adjectivului din substantiv
beauty + ful = beautiful frumusete + ful = frumos

wonder + ful = wonderful minune + ful = minunat
care + ful = careful grija + ful = grijului, atent
adj + ly = adv
beautiful => beautifully = In a beautiful way

careful => carefully
wonderful => wonderfully
logical => logically
quick => quickly
full of life = plin de viata

a room full of people = o camera plina de oameni
Just listening – track 1

(What I understood)
-Hello Don, I’m Susan Moore, your financial advisor. How may I help you Don?
-I guess I just need some general help with money. My biggest problem is that I never seem ([?] to
have any).
I just don’t know where it goes. I’m not a big ([spent….] spendthrift) but I just can’t ([see the make
ends meet] seem to make ends meet)
-I see, I’m sure I can help you with that. Now tell me Don, do you have a job at all?
-Yeah, well, I’m an English (Lit major), so I have a lot to work. But I work every afternoon ([?] at
Pauline’s Pizza), I don’t think it’s enough. If I work any more, I won’t have time to study…
-mmmm, that’s a ([?] dillema), isn’t it? Here is the first you need to do. You’re going to ([?] have
to) make a budget, so you can control the financies finances better.
-What do you mean?
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-It’s easy, just take a piece of paper and write down everything you spend money on: food, rent,
books, going out, music, whatever you spend the money on. Your exspendeture expenditure. And
on the other side, you write down what you can could change and cut down on to save the money.
-Ok, I think I can do that, it sounds like a good idea.
Vocabulary
Spendthrift Risipitor
to make ends meet a face fata
Lit. major Literature major
you are going to have to make something urmeaza sa trebuiasca sa faci
write down a scrie (a scrie o lista)

Expenditure Cheltuieli
cut down a reduce
Just listening – track 2
-Ok, let’s try it. How much money do you spend on groceries per week?
-It ([very soon to one way] varies from one week) to the next, but I guess at about $100
-Ok, that seems like rather a lot.
-Well, I usually go to a local store about four times a week and spend about $25.
-There is your first problem. Try to go to markets. They often have the good prices and specials.
----Perhaps you ([have go to] could go just) once a week to a market. You should be able to cut
your food bills ([at] in) half.
-Sounds like a good idea.
-What about rent. How much do you spend on rent?
-$500. I share a place with two other people, it’s a cool place, ([which other on room simply] we
each have our own rooms),([?]we) have a nice common area and a great kitchen.
-Hmm, You could find something cheaper, but it might not be as nice. You have to thing about
that.
-Ok. I think I don’t want to do that.
-What about going out, an entertainment.
-I buy a couple ([?] of) CD-s every week.
-You could cut back to one.
-I go to the movies once a week
-Make it once every two weeks. What about eating out?
-I eat ([at school (…)] in the school cafeteria) most days.
-Why won’t make your own food instead? Make yourself ([?] a) sandwich at home. It’s much
cheaper. And try to share ([your the experiences] the expenses) with your roommates.
-They cooke worse than I do, but I guess we could ([?] all) work on it
-See, these are just a few tips to help you save a little money.
-Yeah, thanks Suzane. I ([?] may even) be able to make a little investment for my future.
-That’s a good idea. You are never too young to start thinking about an investment. Perhaps we
can talk about sometime soon.
Vocabulary
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Expense Cheltuieli - vezi expenditure

I may even be able
Just lissening - track 3

This woman ([…on a bath] gets on a bus for) the start of the long journey from Paris to
London. She ([seems fore(…)] soon finds out) that the man ([is] she’s) sitting next to is a talker. He
just won’t shut up, (And) she just wants to sleep for the whole journey so she’s a bit disappointed.
([?] The guy keeps) asking her questions. And then to makes matter ([worth…] worse) he
([tempts] turns) to her and asks ([also] her if) she’d like to play a game. She says “No thank you”
as polite as she can and closes her eyes to go to sleep hoping he’ll ([got] get) the message
Just lissening – track 4

But the man is not put off easily and he insists, saying that the game will be ([fine] fun) and ([?]
that) it is very easy. Even ([ know (…)] though she couldn’t care less) he tells her the rules. I’ll ask
you a question and if you don’t know the answer, you have to pay me 5 pounds. And you will ask
me a question and if I don’t know the answer I have to pay you 5 pounds.
The women can’t believe her bad luk. This is the last thing she wants to do. So again she says that
she is not interested ([. And (…)a way] and turns away from him) to try to ([go] get) to sleep. The
man is getting more and more frustrating and ([desperatily (…)] desperate to play by) this time. So
he decides to change the rules to see ([that after] if that) will tempt her. Ok, he says, “If you don’t
know the answer, you only have to pay me 1 pound, and if I don’t know the answer I’ll pay you 20
pounds”
So, the woman analyses the situation, and comes to the conclusion that the only way to get some
sleep is to play this ridiculuous game. So she ([funny] finally) agrees to the game. So as you can
imagine, the man is ([?] all) Keen when he asks the first question: How ([for]far) is it around the
Earth? The woman doesn’t say a word. She just ([… in] reaches into) her hand bag, takes ([?] out) a
one pound and gives it to the man.
So, now is the woman’s turn. She looks him right the eyes and says: What’s green in the morning,
blue in the afternoon and red in the evening. The man looks shocked. He thaught([ is] this was)
going to be a piece of cake for him. What could this woman possibly know that he doesn’t know?
He gets ([?] on his mobile) phone and calls all his friends, ([guess] gets) on the Internet using his
phone and ([such] searches) every reference he can. But still can’t get the answer. He sends emails
to famous professors, but no one knows the answer. Finally, after a couple of hours he wakes the
woman. ([He’s been speaking] who’s been sleeping soundly all this time ([] and admits to being
beaten)
“I don’t know the answer” he wispers ([wipping wit his(…)] weeping with despair) Here is your
twenty pounds.
Without a word, the woman takes the money and ([pursuit] puts in) in her bag and goes([?]
straight) back to sleep. So the man is ([completed flava ghosted(…)] completely flabbergasted)
and through his ([teeth he(…)] tears he wakes her) and begs for the answer. “Please put me out of
my misery ([ plate:] he pleads) what’s the answer?
The woman ([?in] reaches into) her bag and gives him a pound.
Vocabulary
Even though she couldn’t care less
the man is all keen
flabbergasted consternat
put me out of my misery
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Plead a pleda, a invoca drept scuza
Past simple vs Present Perfect

I worked as a teacher for ten years during the war. (could be 1990-2000)
I have worked as a teacher for ten years. (2005-2015 = present)
Verbele modale nu sunt urmate de prepozitie!
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Homework
Teste de engleza
pg 38, ex 4,5
pg 42, ex 10
pg 43, ex 11
The present continuous tense

forms
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative interrogative
+ - ? -/?
I am writing am not writing am I writing? am I not writing?
vezi expl Roxana prima lectie
aren’t I writing?
You are writing are not writing are you writing are you not writing?
aren’t you writing
He/She/I is writing is not writing is he/she/it Is he/she/it not writing?
t writing? Isn’t he/she/it writing
We are writing are not writing are are we/you/they not writing?
You we/you/they aren’t we/you/they writing?
They writing?
use
1) actions happening at the moment at speaking
a) What’s going on here?
b) The kids are playing at war.
c) Be quiet! I’m trying to get some sleep.
2) Temporary actions extended over a period of time
a) Have a cookie – No thank you, I’m slimming!
b) We are doing decimal fractions at school now.
c) They are not using the backdoor in winter.
3) Definite actions planned for the near future
a) I’m flying to Rome on Monday.
b) And what are you doing tonight?
c) I’m meeting Chriss at seven o’clock. We are going to the movie
4) Reapeted actions which are often annoying or unreasonable
a) He is always phoning when I’m in the bath.
b) I am constantly losing my gloves.
c) This little girl is forever asking questions.
Exercise I
Change into present continuous where possible. Translate in Romanian
1) He teaches physics and biology.
a) He is teaching physics and biology.
2) Do you watch satellite television.
a) Are you watching satellite television?
3) They carry heavy bags
a) They are carrying heavy bags
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4) The gardner mows the grass

a) The gardner is mowing the grass
5) She agrees with you (!PC)
6) Do you recognize that man? (!PC)
7) Do you believe in reincarnation?
a) Are you believing in reincarnation?
8) Why do we always hurry to work?
a) Why are we always hurrying to work?
9) He dances very well.
a) He is dancing very well.
10) They only shoots rabbits
a) They are only shooting rabbits.
11) I hate this fish. It smells (!PC)
12) I’m afraid the boy lies
a) Im’m afraid the boy is liyng.
13) Why do you drive so fast?
a) Why are you driving so fast?
14) That music sounds good to me. (!pc)
15) I suppose she wants a new care. (!pc)
16) We prefer to live in the city (!pc)
17) Our granny bakes delicious cookies
18) We have lunch at one’ o clock
a) We are having lunch at one o’clock
19) The boys are very quiet. I wonder what’s wrong? (!pc)
20) I think they remember you very well. (!pc)
II, Write questions to the following statements

1) Rita is coming to see us on Sunday.
a) When is Rita coming ?
b) Who is coming to see us
2) Ralph is bringing some wine and crackers.
a) What is Ralph bringing?
b) Who is bringing some wine and crackers?
3) I think the London orchestra is playing Mozart now.
a) What is the London orchestra playing now?
What do you think the London Orchestra is playing now?
b) Which is playing Mozart now?
Which orchestra do you think is playing Mozart now?
4) I’m meeting my lawyer at 10.30 in the court.
a) Where are you meeting your lawyer?
b) What time are you meeting your lawyer?
5) The players are moving slowly today because of the heat.
a) Why are the players moving so slowly?
b) How are the players moving today?
6) Your boyfriend is standing by the gate.
a) Where is your my boyfriend standing?
Atentie! Cind intrebarea ti se adreseaza cu you (pers a-II-a), raspunsul este la persoana I!
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Valabil si pentru plural. Este regula acestei carti. Formuleaza raspunsurile ca si cum ai fi in
dialog.
b) What is your my boyfriend doing by the gate?
7) The prime mininster is talking about a new economic plan.
a) What is the prime mininster talking about?
b) Who is talking about a new economic plan?
8) The Australian yacht is sailing north.
a) Which yacht is sailing north?
b) Which way is Australian yacht sailing?
9) The children are laughing at the clown.
a) Who are the children laughing at?
Who is laughing at the clown?
b) Who are laughing by the clown?
Who are the children laughing at?
10) I’m trying to find out her brother’s address.
a) What are you trying to do?
b) Whose address are you trying to find out?
11) Those people are queing up for the meat.
a) What are those people queing up for?
12) Mrs. O’Neil is drinking her fifth cocktail now
a) Which cocktail is Mrs. O’Neil drinking now?
13) We are looking for semi detached house
a) What (kind of house) are you looking for?
14) I’m going out with Lucy tonight.
a) Who are you going out with tonight?\
15) Jeff is using the company’s car this morning
a) Whose car is Jeff using this morning?
16) She is learning two foreign languages in college.
a) How many languages is she learning?
17) Your mother is feeling fine.
a) How is my mother feeling
18) They are making sports cars in this factory now.
a) What sort of cars are they making in this factory now?
19) He’s learning Chinese to impress his girlfriend
a) What is he learning Chinese for?
Atentie! propozitia completa este de tipul What-for?
20) She is washing the floor with a mop.
a) What is she washing with a mop?
What is she washing the floor with?
La fel ca mai sus: What… with?
III. Ask questions about the underlined parts of the following sentences:
1) The cooks are roasting the meat.
a) What are the cooks doing?
2) The waiters are pouring drinks.
a) Who are is pouring the drinks?
probabil suna mai bine la singular in cazul asta!
3) The orchestra is playing pop music.
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a) What kind of music is orchestra playing?

4) The Sandersons are dancing in the fountain.
a) Where are the Sandersons dancing.
5) Sir George is Kissing a young girl.
a) Who is Sir George kissing to?
6) She is wearing a blue dress.
a) What colour is the dress she is wearing?
What colour dress is she wearing?
7) The children are playing at cowboys and Indians,
a) What are the children playing at?
8) Jim is entertaining his guests in his parent’s bedroom.
a) Where is Jim entertaining his guests?
In whose bedroom is Jim entertaing his guests?
9) Lady Morley is talking to her dog in Japanese.
a) Which language is Lady Morley talking to her dog?
In what language is Lady Morley talking to her dog?
10) Major Watkins is trying to shoot at a street lamp.
a) What is Major Watkins trying to shoot at?
11) A newspaper report is climbing the gate because he wants to take some pictures.
a) Why is a newspaper report climbing the gate?
Sunt doua raspunsuri in carte:
What is a newspaper report climbing the gate for?
12) Max is jumping over the grill on his horse.
a) What is Max jumping over on his horse?
13) seven guests are sleeping in the kitchen.
a) How many guests are sleeping in the kitchen?
14) Those three young men are dropping champaign bottles from the roof
a) Where are those three young men dropping champaign bottle from?
in carte doar al doilea raspuns, am dubii in legatura cu primul!
b) What are those three young men are droping from the roof?
15) Yes, the neighbours are calling the police.
a) Are the neighbours calling the police?
V. Put the verbs into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous
1.
-Cathy? What are the children doing?
-I think, they are playing in the backyard.
-Do you hear the noise?
-Yes, it sounds like something is splashing in the water.
-Well, I hope they are not throwing my furniture into swimming pool again.
2.
-What are you doing tonight?
-I’m meeting Jennifer at six
-you are always dating Jennifer. Why don’t you go out with Claire sometime?
3.
-Why these people are standing there?
-They are listening to the man on the ladder
-He is making a speech. People make speaches here every Sunday. It’s speaker corner, you know.
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4.
Listen, someone is knocking at the door.
Yes it’s my music teacher. She always comes at 4 sharp. Can you wait upstairs until we are finish
our lesson?
5.
An old lady walks into a box office for a picture called Doctor Zhivago is playing. She puts a dollar
down. The cashier says: “It’s $2.50”. So she asks: “What, is he a specialist?”
6.
What are you looking for, honcy? (gresie)
My glasses. Someone is always stealing them
No dear. You keep losing your things because you never put them where they belong.
7
I wonder why our neighbour is continually drilling in the walls
Perhaps he wants to blow up the house with dynamite.
Are you joking?
No, they say he has an explosive temper.
8.
What time does the concert begins?
I don’t remember exactly
Why aren’t you telephoning don’t you telephone the theatre
Well, you see the telephone is not working for the moment because we haven’t paid
9
Author: This is the plot of my story. Two burglers creep stealthily towards the house at midnight.
They climb a wall, force open a window and enter the room. The clock strikes one.
Listener: Which one?
10.
Imagine you drive are driving a fast Porsche and a beautiful young blonde sits is sitting next to
you. She wear is wearing a white dress and her hair is streaming out in the wind. You stop at a
roadside café and have a cold drink. And then…sombedy is stealing steals your car.
VI. Chose the one word or phrase marked A, B, C, D that best completes each of the following
sentences:
1) What’s the noise? – I think the Jacsons B. are having a party.
2) The Prince Edwuard is C. walking across the channel now.
D sailing
3) It’s dark here because there’s only one candle C burning on the table
Lightening is the present participle of the verb "to lighten," and refers to the process of making
something lighter in color. Lightening is the opposite of darkening, or making something
darker.
I’m lightening my jeans by adding bleach to the wash. The dark blue will become light blue.
He’s lightening the room by painting it white.
Lightning(fulgerul) is a noun – it refers to the meteorological phenomenon that is followed by
thunder.
Lightning tends to strike the tallest thing in its vicinity.
The lightning storm caused the forest fire
4) Your brother B owes me $300.

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5) He C looks to be an intelligent young man.

D appears
appears = seems, looks like, nu exista looks to be
6) Jimmy A goes cycling in the park every day after school.
7) This batteries B last for about six month.
8) Don’t disturb the priest. He D is saying his prayers now.
9) I think I’m working quite efficiently, C aren’t I?
10) We must go now. It D is getting dark.
VIII Complete the following sentences by translating the Romanian words or phrases given in
paranthesis:
1) Jim shut turn down that noisy music! It makes is driving me mad!Jim! I’m talking to you!
2) I hear that you are leaving for Chicago next month.
Yes. We think are thinking of emigrating actually. My husband doesn’t earn enough here and
he hopes to find a good job in America.
3) I read forever am forever reading about “skinheads”. Do you know what the word means?
No, and what the dictionary says?
4) Why are you looking at like that?
Well, you look horrible today. I mean your wellingtons doesn’t match don’t go with the
evening dress at all
wellingtons cizme
5) I see you are making your homework now.
No, I try am trying to write a letter to Miriam. She is coming next month.
6) Do you recognize anyone in this picture?
Yes, the boy who bites is kicking the ball is my cousin Jim and the one who lays is lying on the
grass is me.
7) Why is Ralph cleaning his shoes
He wants to look smart because he is seeing Jenny off at the airport at 9.
8) What is worring worries me is the money. I don’t take am not taking the job unless they offer
me a good salary.
9) What is bringing brings you to Romania?
I am looking for a private electronics company to cooperate with.
Well, I wish you success!
10) Do you remember George Vincent?
The one who leads a small restaurant in Chelsea?
Yes. He is opening a disco now.
IX. Translate into English:
1.Jill asteapta un copil in octombrie Jill is expecting a child baby in October

Clasificarea copiilor
untill birth; small than 1 year = baby
bigger than 1 year = child
baby untill 1 year = newly born, infant
2ani< child <6 ani = toddler (prichindel)
31
2 Despre ce naiba vorbesti? What are you talking about?

What on Earth/What the devil/What
the hell ....
3 Nu intelegi? Glumesc doar Don't you understand? I'm just
kidding. joking
4 Nu-l deranja pe tatal tau acum. Tocmai ii Don't disturb your father now! He is
telefoneaza presedintelului just telephoning to the president.
He is just calling the President
5 El citeste intotdeauna "Financial Times"; nu stiu de He always reads "FT"" I don't know
ce astazi citeste "Wall Street Journal". why is he he is reading "WSJ"today
6Stai linistit cind iti vorbesc Be patient Stand still while when I am
talking to you
7 Auzi zgomotoul acela? Vecinul meu exerseaza iarasi Do you hear that noise? My neighbour
la vioara is practising at the violin again.
8 La ce ora te culci? Depinde de programul de la What is the time when What time do
televizor you go to sleep? It Depends on the TV
program.
9De ce mergi atit de repede? Why are you going so fast - Someone
Cineva ne urmareste is following us
10 Imi caut pantofii. Cineva ii fura in mod constant I am looking for my shoes. Somebody
is constantly stealing them.
11 Din pacate, nivelul de trai este inca in scadere Unfortunately, the life level standard
of life living standard is still decreasing
falling.
12 Ce mai astepti? Ceainicul (apa din ceainic) fierbe What are you waitng for? The water is
deja already boiling. The kettle is
13 Ce fac copiii ( in acest moment)? - Inalta zmee pe What are the children doing. They are
malul riului fly-ing kites by river side
14 Bunica spala vase, mama calca, ia Susan face pur My grandma is washing, my mom is
si simplu plaja ironing, and Susan is just... simply
sunbathing/ tanning on the beach
15 De ce rizi? - Tocmai ma uit la Tootsie Why are you laughing? I am just
watching Tootsie
16 Nu-mi plac comediile, dar il ador pe Dustin I don't like the comedies, but I
Hoffman. love/adore DH
17 Asteptam avionul de la Atlanta We are waiting for the plane from
Atlanta. It usually arrives in time.
18 Consiliul local planuieste sa darime aceste cladiri The City Council are planning to pull
in 5 ani, dar oameni organizeaza deja marsuri de down this these buildings in 5 years,
protest but the people are already organizing
protest marches
The city council are going to pull
down these buildings in 5 years time,
but people….
19 Ea imi cumpara intotdeauna cravate de Craciun. She is always buying me ties for
Detest cravatele Christmas. I hate the ties
20Care e titlul cintecului pe care il cinti? - Visez la un What is the title af the song you sing
32
Craciun alb are singing? I am dreaming of a White

Christmass
In engleza ghilimelele se pun doar sus.

Explicatii
8
What time do you go to sleep?
What time do you go to work?
What time do you have breakfast?
It depends not depends (subiectul nu se subintelege niciodata!)

it rains, it snows, it happens
11 Living standard is decreasing.

13
They are flying kytes by the rivers’s shore
shore = malul riului
coast = malul marii, oceanului
14
to wash up = to wash the dishes
dish = fel de mincare
polenta = mamaliga
bortsch = bors
sour soup = supa acra
I’m in the mood for something = Am chef de ceva

Are you in the mood for something?
He is in the mood for something.
To be in the mood for something
17
on time = la fix, la tanc
He arrived on time, He arrived right on time
in time = la timp, in timp util
in due time = idem, la timpul potrivit
18
one person – la singular
people – la plural
19
buying - fiindca este deranjant, altfel doar buys.!
33
The Present Perfect Tense

Forms
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative
+ - ? Interrogative
-/?
I Have written Have not written Have I/you written Have I/You not written
You Haven't I/you written
He/she/it Has written Has not written Has He/she/it Has he/she/it not
written? written?
Hasn't he/she/it
written?
We Have written Have not written Have we/you/they Have we/you/they not
You written? written?
They Haven't we/you/they
written?
Use
1. Recently completed actions We've jus finished lunch
I'm afraid the boss has just gone out.
He show has already begun.
2.Past actions completed in an unspecified I've seen that film, but I don't mind watching
time. again.
He has written ten novels and I've read all of
them. I think he is great
We've met, haven't we?
3.With time expressions I've phoned her six times this morning.
I haven't seen her for ages!
I've worked in a bank since we moved to
Boston
Time expressions:
for years, for two/three/four ... years
for months, for two/three/four .... months
for weeks, for two/three/four ....weeks
for ages, for (such) a long time.
since last week/1988/I was born
lately, recently, now, before, always, never, ever, today
this morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year ....
so far, yet, already
4. Asking if an action has been completed Have you finished you dinner yet?
No I haven't finished yet.
But I finished my soup already
34
5.Future actions in time clauses You can go out as soon as you've had your
lunch
I'll give you a call when the meeting has
ended
Don't answer any question until you've read
whole questionnaire
When, until, before, as soon as, after, now that, the moment that, by the time that
Exercises
I.Respond to the following comands and suggestions in the present perfect, as shown in the
examples
Open the door! I've just opened the door.
Why don't you type it? I've just typed it
Don't do that! I've never done that in my life / I haven't done that for ages
1) Call the police! I've already called it!

2) Finish your dinner! - I've already finished it.
3) Don't kill animals! I've never killed animals.
4) Shave yourself! I've always Just shaved myself.
5) Why don't you invite her? She has never inivited me.
6) Don't wash the curtains! I haven't washed the curtains for years.
7) Make some tea! I've already made it some.
8) Ring the bell! I've never ringed rung the bell.
9) Why don't you take a shower. Because I've already took taken one.
10) Have a cigarette! I've never smoked cigarettes, only pipe.
11) Don't go to New Zeeland! I've already went gone there.
12) Why don't you lend him some money! I've just lent him $100
13) Sell your car! I've never thought of selling my car.
14) Pay for it. I've always paid for it off.
15) Don't push me! I've never pushed you in my life.
16) Why don't you talk to the boss? I've talked him this morning. I’ve just talked to him this
morning.
17) Switch the light off! I've just switched it.
18) Don't teach them bad words. I've never taught to anybody bad words
19) Why don't you dance with her. I've already danced with her for two times twice./three times.
20) Find a new servant! I've just found two.
21) Lock the door. I've already locked it.
22) Why don't you play some English songs? I've played four English songs this morning.
23) Don't gamble. I haven't gambled for three months.
24) Don't park your car in my driveway again. I've already just parked it ten meters away from
your driveway.
25) Don't steal anything from the shop. I've never stolen anything in my life.
26) Why don't you hire a van. I've already had one, it is useless for me.
27) Bring some more wood! I've already brought enough wood.
28) Why don't you forget about it? i've never forgot forgotten in my life such a thing.
29) Correct your mistakes. I've already corrected them for three times.
30) Read that book! I've already read it.
31) Why don't you lay the table? I haven't laid the table because its leg is broken.
35
to lay the table = a pune masa (cu farfurii, tacimuri,…)

32) Don't tease you sister. I've never teased her in my life.
33) Why don't you tell me the whole truth? I've just told you the whole truth.
34) Don't curse. I haven't cursed in my life.
35) Why don't you mend my sweater? I've just mended your sweater this week.
36) Catch the robbers. We've caught the robbers this afternoon.
37) Don't work hard! I've never worked hard in my life
38) Don't beat the dog! I've never beaten the that dog.
39) Why don't you dye your hair. I've already dyed it in blonde
40) Don't you wear my jeans again. I haven't worn your jeans for ages.
IV Ask questions about underlined parts of the following sentences:

1) They've been married for ten years.-How long have they been married?
2) I've never flown in an airplane. - Have you ever flown in an airplane?
3) He's bought a digital watch for his wife. What sort of watch has he bought for his
wife?
4) Someone has opened this box. Has this box opened? Who has opened this box?
5) Paul has written a short storry. - What has Paul written?
6) The first act has just finished. - Wich act has been finished? Wich act has just
finished?
7) I've borrowed my brother's car. Whose car have you borrowed from?
8) She has dyed her hair. What has she done with to her hair?
9) We've lived all our lives. How long have you lived here?.
10) I saved only $50 this month. Have you saved some money this month?/How much
money have you saved this month?
11) The curtains have shrunk. - What have happened with the curtains? What's
happened to the curtains?
12) I've telephoned her at least 10 times this morning.- Haven't you telephoned her
yet? How many times have telephoned her this morning?
13) The children have broken the window. Who has broken the window in this
afternoon?
14) The secretary has typed 5 letters so far. How many letters has typed the secretary
so far?
15) The children have never seen a real tiger. When have the children seen a tiger last
time? Have the children ever seen a real tiger?
16) I haven't finished yet.- Who hasn't finished yet?
17) The race hasn't started yet because of the rain. Has the race started?/Why hasn't
the race started yet?
18) The baby has torn your newspaper. - Who has torn my newspaper? / Has someone
torn my newspaper?
19) They have accused him of murder. - What have they accused him of?
20) He has dedicated this book to his mother. Who has he dedicated this book to? To
whom has he dedicated this book?
V.Put the verbs in parentheses into the Present Perfect Tense

1) Have you ever ate a frog?
36
2) Where have you been?

3) I have never spoken to him since we quarelled.
4) Have you ever riden a Honda motorbike?
5) How long have you know your boyfriend?
6) The show has just begun.
7) We have missed the last train. What shall we do?
8) How much money have you spent so far?
9) Hasn't/Has your boyfriend phoned, yet?
10) The boy is weeping. His father has just beaten him again.
11) It hasn't rain here for three years.
12) Why haven't you brought your sister with you?
13) I have studied your plan carefully and I think it's unrealistic.
14) My dog has never biten anyone.
15) Come to my office when you have had your lunch
16) People have always admired her talent.
17) Now you have left the school, you should find a good job.
18) She has never kept a promise in her life.
19) Have you read any thrillers recently?
20) Have you hurt your leg?
VI. Rephrse the following sentences in the Present Perfect Tens using the words given so that the
original sense is preserved:
1) It's five years since I had a cigarette. I haven't had a cigarette for five years.
2) The last time they gave a concert was six months ago. They haven't given a any concert for six
months.
3) These books are five weeks overdue. You have kept/had these books five weeks too long.
4) None of his films is better than this one. He hasn't made a film better than this one ever. This is
the best film he has ever made.
5) It's ages since I last saw her. We haven't seen her each other for ages.
6) The last letter that Joe wrote to his parents came in 1989 - Joe's parents haven't heard him
from their son since 1989
7) This is the first time we are going to sell antique furniture. So far we have never sold antique
furniture.
8) My pay is four months arrears. They haven't paid me for four months.
9) Don't touch the button. Insert the cassette first. Don't press the button until you have inserted
the cassette.
10) We're a dealling with the most difficult group of children ever. Never before we have have we
dealt with a such difficult group of children.
VII. Use the words given to make complete sentences

1) Since when have you had that new car?
2) Has Jeremy finally married his girlfriend?
3) I have never seen such a boring movie in my life.
4) We haven't enjoyed ourselves so much for years.
5) Has he repaired the TV set at last?
6) None of us have ever ridden a horse before.
7) More than one hundred people have applied for this job.
37
8) She has recorded more songs than any other singer this year. ...more songs this year than any
other singer. / This year he has recorded more songs...
9) Please bring these letters to me when you have typed them. When you have typed this letters
please bring them to me.
10) She has started to work for the BBC since ... some politicians She has interviewd some of
the most famous politicians since she started to work for the BBC
VIII Chose the one item marked A,B,C,D to complete the following sentences:
1) A - fallen B -felled
2) C - sewed
3) C - risen
4) B - awaken A - waked
5) B - survived
6) D - died
7) A - charged
8) A - stricken C - struck
9) A - lost C - loosened
10) A - elected D - made
IX. Translate into English. Do not change anything in the parts already translated.
1) Te-ai hotarit, in sfirsit? Have you decided made up your mind, at last?
2) Cit timp ai fost fara slujba? How long have you been without out of work?
3) N-am cunoscut personal nici un australian pina acum. Until now So far I haven't met any
Australian personally.
4) Fiica noastra e in Canada de opt ani. Our daughter has been in Canada for eight years now.
5) Ai condus vreun automobil Ford in ultima vreme? Have you driven any Ford car lately?
6) Am tradus doar patru capitole din aceasta carte. I have only translated only four chaps from of
this book.
7) Pina acum nu am avut nici o plingere. So far I haven't had any complaints.
8) Nu l-ai invitat iarasi pe pictorul acela nebun, nu-i asa? You haven't invited that mad crazy
painter again, have you?
9) L-au condamnat la cinci ani de inchisoare. They have convicted/sentenced him at to five years
in prison,
10) Odata am vazut un urs in padurea aceasta. I have once seen a bear in this forest.
X. Translate into English

1) Ai fost vreodata in Scotia? Have you ever been in Scotland?
2) In viata mea n-am vazut asa ceva. I've never seen such a thing in my life. I have never seen
anything like that in my life.
3) Ati ales-o intradevar pe fata cea mai frumoasa. You have really chosen the most beautiful girl
indeed.
4) Ce ai de gind sa faci, acum ca ai devenit milionar? What are you going to do now that you
have become a milionare now?
5) N-am calatorit niciodata cu vaporul. I have never travelled by boat ship.
6) Echipa Liverpool tocmai a inscris un gol. The Liverpool's team has/have just scored a another
goal.
7) N-am jucat poker de cel putin zece ani. I haven't played poker for at least ten years.
38
8) Profesorul Ward a calatorit foarte mult si a scris doua carti despre America de sud. Professor
Ward has travelled very much a lot and he has written two books about on South America.
9) Tocmai am comandat cafea si inghetata. I've just ordered coffe and icecream.
10) N-am intors ceasul acesta de douazeci de ani. I haven't recharged wound up this clock for
twenty years.
11) Tocmai am aflat ca matusa ei a murit. I have just learnt that her aunt has died is dead.
12) Ai perchezitionat deja acest apartament?Have you already searched this flat? Have you
searched this apartment yet?
13) Cineva a aruncat la gunoi toate documentele mele. Someon has thrown to the trash /away all
my papers/documents.
14) A atirnat Sheila lenjeria pe balcon? Has Sheila hung out the underwear on the balcony?
15) Ma tem ca, la spalat, camasa ta a intrat la apa. I'm afraid that your shirt has shrunk at washing
in the wash.
16) N-am primit nici o scrisoare saptamina aceasta. I haven't got / received any letter this week.
17) N-ai furat ceasul acesta, nu-i asa? You haven't stolen this watch, have you?
18) Menajera a sters mobila de praf dar n-a dat cu aspiratorul pe covoare inca. The housekeeper
has cleaned of dust the furniture but she hasn't ... yet. The cleaner has dusted the furniture
but she hasn't vaccumed the carpets yet.
19) Ai citi cartea aceasta? Da am citit-o de mai multe ori. Have you read this book. Yes I've read it
several times.
20) Pina acum n-au existat victime, dar focul a distrus mai multe casse pe strada principala. So far
there aren't victims, but the fire has destroyed several houses on in the main street. So far
there has been no casualties ...
Vocabular - intrebari
I am forever reading la prezent continuu, cind e un obicei care
Explicatii deranjeaza
Still/yet - yet - (?/-) =inca, deja

yet – (+) = nu exista, se foloseste already
mod de utilizare! still (+/-) = inca
still este adverb, se scrie in fata verbului

yet – doar la sfirsit
now that, the moment that, by the time that acum ca
Explicatii
Overdue Expirat, intirziat

Never before we have have we dealt with a Adverbul cu nuanta negativa (never, hardly,
such difficult group of children. seldom,…) cere inversiune. Se foloseste in
De ce este inversat ? naratiuni, comentarii sportive.
Fell, felled, felled A trinti la pamint (un om), a dobori un copac

Wake,woke,woken/Wake, waked, waked A trezi
Strick, struck, stricken/Strike, struck, struck A lovi
Loose, loosed. loosed Adj. nelegat, liber, detasat, care nu este
39
fixat/strins
s. libertate
A dezlega, a detasa,
Loosen, loosened, loosend A desface, a slabi, a da joc (unei piese)
Complaint Reclamatie
Complain, -ed A reclama, (of, about, that) a se plinge (de/ca)
Make up your mind Hotaraste-te
Have you Made up your mind Te-ai hotarit?
"Until now" vs "So far" sinonime
up to now, until now
Casualty Accident, persoana accidentata
Victim victima
to make ends meet A rezista, a face fata cheltuielilor
Even though she couldn’t care less Chiar daca nu-i pasa
the man is all keen a tine sa faca neaparat ceva

to be keen on smth
put me out of my misery scoate-ma din (ceva rau)
Stand still Stai nemiscat!

Kite Zmeu
robber tilhar, jefuitor
dish fel de mincare
polenta mamaliga
bortsch bors
sour soup supa acra
sour acru
salty sarat
spicy picant
sweet dulce
to be in the mood for something a avea chef de ceva
on time la fix, la tanc
in time la timp, in timp util, (avionul soseste la timp)
in due time la timpul potrivit
obligatory obligatoriu
compulsory
mandatory mandatory in documente oficiale
40
Lesson 7 Pagina: 41 Perfect simple vs Simple Past
Homework
Teste de engleza
ex III/pg49, IV/pg51, IX/pg53
We have lunch at the restaurant!

appetizers = 3
main courses/dishes = 3
desserts = 3
drinks = 4
Affirmative Negative Interogative Negative interogative

(+) (-) (?) (-/?)
I wrote did not write did did {I/you/he/she/it} not
You {I/You/he/she/it} write?
He/she/it write? didn’t {I/you/he} write?
We wrote did not write did did {we/you/they) not write?
You {we/you/they} didn’t we/you/they/write?
They write?
Use
1) Present perfect vs Simple Past
1.
Present perfect Simple Past

With time expression Actions completed at a definite point in Past
I've phoned her six times this morning. They arrived yesterday.
I haven't seen her for ages! We bought this car five years ago
I've worked in a bank since we moved to He left the army in 1945 and settled down
Boston. in Canada
for years, for two/three/four ... years yesterday / last night / week / month / year
for months, for two/three/four .... months a few hours / minutes / days / weeks /
for weeks, for two/three/four ....weeks months/ years/ ago
for ages, for (such) a long time. a long time ago
since last week/1988/I was born in 1992
lately, recently, now, before, always, never, on October 26th, 1984
ever, today at the turn of century
this morning /afternoon /evening /week in 58 BC
/month /year .... during the war
so far, yet, already once
once upon a time
the other day
2) Actions completed at a definite point in the past which is not given but implied or understood as
a past time
They met in San Francisco.
41
The plane was two hours late.

Why did you leave so early?
3) Actions which occupied a period of time in the past.
She worked as a secretary from May through October.
I spent my childhood in a little village in the North
He studied medicine for five years
He have studied medicine for five years He studied medicine for five years (in
(until now) past)
4) Habitual past actions
She always complained about everything
She has always complained about She always complained about
everything everything
(pina acum) Se plingea de orice (in trecut)
Tim visited us every Sunday when he lived in this neighborhood.

We used to drink a lot of beer in our student day
(+) (-) (?) (-/?)
used to did not use to used you to? didn’t you use to?
used not to did you use to?
usedn’t to / usen’t to usedn’t you to?
usen’t you to?
Cu bold formele uzuale
ex III/pg49, IV/pg51, IX/pg53
III. /pg49. Put the following sentences into Simple Past using the adverbials of time given in
parentheses:
1) I’ve seen this film I saw this film two months ago.
2) He’s broken his leg He broke his leg last summer
3) She’s never ridden a horse She didn’t ride a horse when she lived in
Cambridge
4) The baby’s fallen asleep The baby fell asleep imediately after breakfast
5) They’ve eaten everything. They ate everything last night
6) I’ve spoken to your son I spoke to your son yesterday
7) I’ve given him some advice I gave him some advice when I was here
8) Jim has just swum ten lengths of the pool Jim swam ten lengths of the pool last week
9) She has taken some sleeping pills She took some sleeping pills last night
10) Professor Abbs has written more then Professor Abbs wrote more then twenty articles
twenty articles when he worked in this department.
11) The sun has risen The sun rose at 6 o’clock in this morning
12) Two Japanese ships have sunk Two Japanese ships sank after the submarine
attack
13) The lake has frozen yesterday. The lake froze over yesterday.
14) Richard has never driven a Cadillac Richard never drove a Cadillac when he was a
taxi driver
42
15) He has beaten his wife again He beate his wife again last night
16) The wind has blown the roof off our house The wind blew the roof off our house last
January
17) The maid has done all the rooms The maid did all the rooms after breakfast
18) Tracy has grown into a fine young woman Tracy grew into a fine young woman after she
left college
19) We have thrown away our old TV set We threw away our old TV set last spring.
20) The thief has hidden the money very well The thief hid the money very well after the
robbery
IV. /pg 50, Ask questions about the underlined parts of the following sentences:
1) The Prime Minister entered the room at 9 What time did the Prime Minister enter the
o’clock room?
2) I found these cheap shoes in a little shop in Where did you find this cheap shoes?
Chelsea
3) We heard an explosion What did you hear?
4) They chose 25 girls for the beauty contest How many girls did they choose for the beauty
contest?
5) We travelled on foot How did you travel?
6) She sent postcards to her friends in South Who did she send postcards to?
Africa.. To whom did she send postcards?
7) We generally slept only 5 hours a day during How long (a day [???]) did you generally sleep
the war during the war?
How many hours a day did you generally sleep
during the war
8) She didn’t come to the party because she Why didn’t she come to the party?
was ill
9) I went to the disco with my girlfriend Jessica. Who did you go to the disco with?
With who did you go to the disco?
10) She taught English to African students What (kind of [???]) students did she teach
English to?
11) This T-shirt cost $4.50 How much did this T-shirt cost?
12) He drove at 100mph At what speed did he drive?-Chiritism!!!!
How fast did he drive?
13) Mother said “NO!” What did mother say
14) We lost our way because it was dark Why did you lose your way?
15) Sam baught this trousers on the market Where did Sam buy this trousers from?
16) Sergeant Briggs stood near the General. Where did sergeant Briggs stand?
17) The black hen laid six eggs yesterday. How many eggs did the black Hen lay yesterday?
18) My brother showed me this trick. Who did show you this trick?
Who showed you this trick?
19) I first met my wife ten years ago. When did you meet firstly your wife?
When did you first meet your wife?
20) I liked this second novel best. Which novel did you like best?
Wich of his novels did you like best?
43
IX. /pg. 53. Rewrite these sentences using the words suggested so that the original sense is
preserved:
1) I haven’t flown this type of aircraft since The last time I flew with this type of aircraft was
World War II during WW2.
2) The author of this poem is unknown We don’t know who wrotte this poem.
3) I paid fifty pounds for this suitcase This Suitcase cost me fifty pounds
4) Who was the winner in the 100 metre dash? Who won the 100metre dash?(sprint)
5) She hasn’t worn that fancy dress for ages It’s ages since she wore that fancy dress (last
time)
6) Father told us not to open that door Father has told us to not open that door.
Father forbade us to open that door
7) Now she feels much better than on Sunday On Sunday she felt much worse than now
8) I you hadn’t blown up the baloon so much it You blew up the baloon too much. That’s why it
wouldn’t have burst. burst.
9) As a boy he would climb that tree and watch He climbed used to climb that tree to and watch
the river for hours. the river for hours when he was a boy.
10) Four children in my neighbourhood were That fierce Alsatian bit four chlidren in my
bitten by that fierce Alsatian last week. neighbourhood last week.
Vocabulary
fancy dress costum de bal mascat
rochie de gala
firerce feroce
shrimp, prawn creveta
octopus caracatita
pancake Clatita
Would <do something> Used to <do something>
Shopping list – Lista de cumparaturi

2 bottles of wine 2 sticle de vin
3 kilos of potatoes 3 kg de cartofi
3 packets of flour 3 pachete de faina
4 cartoons of milk 4 cutii de lapte
2 loaves of bread 2 piini
12 slices of ham 12 felii de sunca
The order – Comanda

What is the menu of the day? Care este meniul zilei?
I’d like to order As dori sa fac comanda
We haven’t decided yet Nu ne-am decis inca
What can you recommend Ce ne puteti recomanda
What is your speciality Care e specialitatea casei
Will you pass me the salt and pepper Da-mi te rog sarea si piperul
Will you bring some more dressing? Aduceti-mi va rog mai mult sos!
Can you change my order Imi puteti schimba comanda
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The cheese is tasteless brinza este fada

the roast beef is burnt and salty friptura de vita e arsa si sarata
The cream is sour smintina e acra
The green salad is not properly washed Salata verde nu e spalata bine
smoked afumat
frozen congelat
boiled fiert
raw crud
baked copt
roast fript (la cuptor)
fried prajit in tigaie
grilled fript la gratar
underdone in singe
stewed inabusit
fresh proaspat
stuffed umplut
marinated marinat
it tastes sweet are gust dulce

it tastes salty are gust sarat
it tastes sour are gust acru
it tastes bitter are gust amar
Now they find themselves in a very difficult position.

Ei se gasesc intr-o situatie foarte grea
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Lesson 8 Pagina: 46 Exercises past continuous vs past simple
Understanding the MENU

If you are going to be working in a restaurant, it is important that you understand the menu. Different
menus use different words to mean the same thing. They also use certain words to make food sound
more delicious. It isn't just the server who should know the menu. Hosts, bartenders an bussers may
also get asked questions about the menu from the guests. Cooks have to know the menu inside-out as
well. After all, if an item says it is smothered in mozarella cheese it can't just have a sprinkling of
cheddar.
Most menus are divided in two sections. You may need to help a guest find entrees, or desserts. A guest
might call a drink a beverage or a refreshment. Learn the different terms that are used so that you can
understand and serve your guest promptly an accurately.
Vocabulary
Smothered Sufocat, inabusit, aici inecat in mozarella
Sprinkling Stropitura, aici presarat
Busser Picol(o) = young waiter
Beverage Bautura (in general-select a beverage-selecteaza
o bautura -la automatul de cafea)
Refreshment Bautura racoritoare
Inside-out Aici -pe dinafara
As well De asemene = also
Menu section
Also known as Example items
Appetizers Appies, Finger food, Combo platters, Garlic bread, Cheese plate, Nachos
Snacks, Starters
Salads (and Garden Fresh, Greens, Light Fare, Tossed salad, Caesar Salad, Soup of the
Soups) Lighter Favourites, Low Calorie Day
Choice, Low-Fat Selection
Sandwiches Burgers, From the Deli, From the Grill, Grilled Chicken Sandwich, Veggie (garden)
Launch Menu, Wraps (lipii) Burger, Steak Sandwich
Italian Noodles (taitei), Pasta, Pizza Spaghetti, pepperoni Pizza, Fettucini
Main Course Entree, Dinners, Main Dish, Main New York Steak, Chicken Stirfry(inabusit),
Event Hearty Stew (stew=tocanita, fiertura)
Sides Accompaniments, On the Side, Side French Rise, Rice, Grilled Veggies (legume
(garnitura) Dishes la gratar)
Seafood Catch of the Day, Fish, Fresh from Sea Fish and Chips, Battere Shrimp(crevete),
Smoked Salmon
Mexican South of the Border, Tex-Mex Fajitas, Nachos, Enchilladas
Specialties Signature items, Favorites, Pleasers, 5 BBQ Ribs, Hot Wings,
Stars
Desserts Sweets, Treats, For the Sweet Tooth Apple Pie, Mocha Cheesecake, Banana
Split (banane si crema)
Beverages Drinks, Non-Alcoholic beverages, Soda pop, Juice, Milk
Refreshments
Wine and Coolers, Draft (beer), Liquor, Specialty Houes Wine, Jug of beer (jug = cana mare,
Beer Drinks, Spirits, From the Bar mai mult de 1L), Peach Cider
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Kids Menu Juniors, Kids Stuff, Little Tikes, For the Spaghetti and Meatballs, Cheeseburger,
Munchkins Chicken Fingers
Descriptive Words and Expressions on a Menu

Menua often contain special language to make items sound delicious. This words and expessions
can als convince the guests to order more food, such as appetizers ot desserts. It is useful for
servers to learn this expressions in order to sound more knowledgeable and achieve better salaes.
In many English speaking counrties, especialy Noreth America, having higher sales means earning
better tips.
Decription Meaning Example item
Available with Guests can have this food served a All burger selections are available with
different way. whole wheat buns (whole wheat = faina
integrala, buns-chifle
Bottomless Guests can have more Coffee and tea is bottomless
(free refills) juice/sauce/flavoring without paying
(fara
numar ;))
Chunky Many large pieces of meat or A steaming bowl of chunky vegetable
vegetables soup
Coated in, Covered in a sauce (often before Breast of chicken coated in teriyaki sauce
glazed cooking)
Crispy Makes a crunchy sound when you Caesar salad with fresh lettuce and crispy
(crocant) chew (chew=a mesteca) crutons
Drizzled with A small amount af a liquid poured Apple pie and vanilla ice cream drizzled
(stropit cu) over top with butterscotch
Finished with Final step of the food preparation A generous portion of spaghetti and garlic
tomato sauce finished with homemade
meatballs
Fresh Just of the farm / out of the garden All omelettes are made with three fresh
egg whites (albus)
Yolks= galbenusuri
Garnished Decorated with Our dinners are garnished with fresh
with parsley (patrunjel) and seasonal fruit
Generous A large amount of All sandwiches are served with a
portion, generous portion of fresh cut fries
heaping, (fries=cartofi prajiti)
loaded with
Home style, From a recipe (not a package) Try our homemade chef's chili with fresh
homemade, baked bread
made from (chef = bucatar, se citeste shef!)
scratch
Juicy With liquid remaining for taste Garden salad with juicy tomatoes,
(suculent) cucumbers and onions
Lightly Rolled in bread crumbs, eggs or other Our fish is lightly battered in beer
breaded, mixture and cooked
battered
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(pane)
Marinated in Left in fridge to soak up Our steaks are marineted in a rich
sauce/juice/flavoring peppercorn sauce
(lasate in frigider ca sa se imbibe) (peppercorn = piper boabe)
Medley Variety, mixture A vegetable medley tossed in olive oil and
served over rice (tossed=date prin)
Mouth Appearence causes mouth to salivate Fonish your meal off with one of our
watering (appearance Roxana zice: instanta) mouth watering desserts
(care iti lasa
gura apa)
On a bed of On top of a layer of A ginger Chicken stir fry served on a bed
of rice (stir fry=prajit la foc iute)
Ginger=ghimbir
Seasonal Produse varies at different times Ask your server about our seasonal fruit
during the year pies (fruit pies = placinte de fructe)
Seasoned Herbs and spices added Roasten chicken seasoned with fresh basil
with and oregano (basil=busuioc)
Behind the bar

Brandy snifter Pahar de coniac cu picior
Half litre/litre A glass container for serving house wine (carafa, cana)
Highball glass A tall straight glass
Martini glass Cupa triunghiulara cu picior (con cu virful in jos)
Mug A cup or glass with a handle used for hot beverages
Pint glass 20 oz glass for draft
Oz = ounces(uncii)
1oz = 28.3495...g
28.3495*20 = 566g aproximativ 1/2L (pint glass = o halba de bere)
Pitcher/jug Approximately 60 oz container for draft or water
28.2495*60 = 1700g (super-bere)
Rock glass / Short glass for mixed drinks
tumbler
Shot glass 1 oz glass for shots and shooters
Sleeve 12 oz glass
12*28.3495 = 340g (aproximativ ca litra din Romaneste)
Wine glass Pahar de vin cu picior
Classic cocktails
There are many different ways to prepare classic cocktails. Every bar or restaurant has rules about
how much alcohol to put in a cocktail and how to build it. The folowing recipes do not contain
specific amounts. Use them to learn the name of the cocktails, licquors and mixes.
Black russian Vodka, coffee liqueur, on ice (for a white russian add milk)
Bloody Mary Vodka, tomato juice, tobasco sauce, Worchestershire sauce, salt, pepper, celery
(telina) salt, slice celery, on ice
Cosmopolitan Vodka, orange liqueur, cranberry juice (suc de afine), lime, on ice
Daquiri Light rim, lime juice, sugar, blended with ice (for a strawberry daquiri use
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strawberry mix or syrup)

Long Island Ice Vodka, gin, rum, orange liqueur, lemon juice, cola, on ice
tea
Margarita Tecquila, lime, salt, blended with ice
Martini Gin, dry vermouth (garnish with oil)
Pina colada Rum, cocnut milk, pineapple juice, blended with ice
Screwdriver Vodka and orange juice on ice
Tom Collins Gin, lemon juice, sugar, soda water on ice
Common Liquor
Gin Clear alcohol flavoured with juniper berries (juniper berries = boabe de ienupar)
Liqueur Varies sweet alcohols
Rum Clear alcohol made from sugar cane (trestie de zahar), origin Carribean
Vodka Clear alcohol made from grain (cereale) or potato, origin Rusia
Whisky (Rye in Light brown alcohol made from grain, orgin Scotland
Canada)
Tequila Golden or clear alcohol, origin Mexico
Beer and coolers

Domestic Beer from country that bar is located in
Local Beer brewed nearby (bere produsa in apropiere)
Cans Beer served in a tin (cans cutie de table)
Bottles Beer served in a glass bottle
Draft Beer on tap ( bere la robinet - la halba)
Keg Beer in a large barrel(barrel = butoi)
Ciders Alcoholic drinks from apples or other fruit
Coolers Premixed and bottled alcoholic drinks
Sample conversation
Bartender: Hi there. What can I get for you?
Guest: I need somethig
Bartender: You've come to the right place.
Guest: Do you have any specials on?
Bartender: We have Highballs on for half price
Guest: Sorry, I meant for beer.
Bartender: Our beer special tonight is a beer pitcher of local draftwith half dozen wings for
$12.99
Guest: I guess I should brought a friend. I think I'll just have a Hieneken for now.
Bartender: Sure, would you like that in a tap or in a can.
Guest: Don't you have it in a bottle?
Bartender: No, I'm afraid we don't.
Guest: It's Ok, I'll take a pint.
Bartender: A pint of Heineken coming up.
Guest: Actually, you better just make it a sleeve.
Bartender: Sure, And should I start you a tab?
Guest: No, I'm driving. How much do I owe you
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Bartender: $5.25
Guest: Here's 6. Keep the change.
Bartender: Thank you.
The boat restaurant

Starters tomato soup L2.00 all starters are served
french onion L2.50 with bread and butter
tomato salad L2.90
chicken salad L3.30
snacks cheeseburger L3.20 all snacks are served
lunchtime only vegetable omelette L3.25 with salad and chips
cheese & tomato L3.25
sandwiche
chicken sandwich L3.50
burger L2.90
cheese omelette L3.50
chocolate cake L2.25
Main courses german sausage and L6.50
chips
grilled fish and L6.25
potatoes
italian cheese and L4.85
tomato pizza
thai chicken and rice L5.95
vegetable pasta L4.85
roast chicken and L5.95
potatoes
Drinks Mineral water L1.00
Fresh orange juice L1.25
soft drinks L1.30
English tea L0.90
Irish cream coffee L0.90
Desserts Fruit salad and cream L2.25
ice cream L2.00
(choose from chocolate, coffee
and lemon)
lemon cake L2.25
cheese and biscuits L2.50
Lunch served 12:30-2:30p.m./Dinner served 6:00-9:00 p.m.
1) I want a starter and a grilled main course, -French onion with bread and butter (L2.50) +
but I don’t like fish and soup and I have only German sausage and chips (L.6.50)
L9.00. What do you suggest?
2) I really love italian foods and fruits. What do -Italian cheese and tomato pizza (L4.85)+Fruit
you suggest for a Main Course and a salad and cream (L2.25)
delicious dessert?
3) I like neither seafood nor cheese and eggs. -German sausage and chips (L6.50) or Roast
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Wich main course do you suggest? chicken and potatoes (L5.95)

4) I want a cake and a coffee. What can I have? -Chocolate cake + Irish cream coffee
Vocabulary
mild, medium and hot spices slab, mediu si foarte picante
Kitchen and cooking vocabulary

Sauce Sos
Spaghetti bolognese -
Chorizo Termen spaniol care curpinde mai multe tipuri
de cirnati
Onions fried Ceapa prajita
Olive oil Ulei de masline
Low heat Ochiul de aragaz (poate fi si electric)
Burn A arde
Meat Carne
Vegetarian -
Stir - mix A invirti in mincare, a amesteca
Stirring - mixing
Frying pan Tigaie
Hob, electric hob Aragaz, aragaz electric
crunchy Crocant
Garlic Usturoi
Sharp knife Cutit ascutit
Boil A fierbe
Sieve Sita, strecuratoare
To drain Sa se scurga
Herbs Ierburi
Thyme Cimbru
Parsley Patrunjel
Coriander Coriandru
Lemon Lamiie
Steam Abur
Steaming Abureste, scoate aburi
Plate Farfurie
Guest Invitat
Drawer Sertar
Spoon Lingura
Teaspoon Lingurita
Fork Furculita
Dish out serve ???
Creme fresh Probabil smintina fiindca e un pic acra
Healthier Sanatos
Pepper Piper
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Season Anotimp
To season food A condimenta, asezona mincarea
Flavor Aroma
Saucepan Cratita
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XI. pg 55. Translate into English

1) Va amintiti cine a cistigat cursa anul trecut? Do you remember who won the race last year?
2) Am cumparat acest minicasetofon portabil I bought this mini portable taperecorder
luna trecuta, Ghici cit am dat pe el. walkman last month. Guess how much I
gave/paid for it.?
3) Iti dai seama ca fiica noastra a venit de la Do you realize that our daughter came home
petrecere la ora 3 dimineata? from the party at 3.00 a.m./in the morning?
4) De ce nu ti-ai facut patul ieri? Why didn't you do make your bed yesterday?
5) Ai pus scrisoarea la posta cind ti-am cerut Did you put the letter on post when I asked it?
eu? Did you put the letter at the post office when I
asked you?
Did you post the letter when I asked you to?
6) As vrea sa avem mai multi bani. I wish to have we had more money.
7) Obisnuiam sa mincam mult peste cind We used to eat a lot of fish when we lived at the
locuiam la mare seaside.
8) El a studiat Dreptul la Universitatea din He studied the "Dreptul" at the Cambridge
Cambridge din 1925 pina in 1930 Univesity since 1925 till 1930
Nu se pune the in fata numelor de universitate
From 1925 to 1930 he studied law at Cmabridge
University
9) I-am imprumutat 100$ vinerea trecuta. I lent him $100 last Friday. Then I saw him for
Atunci l-am vazut ultima oara. the last time. That was when I saw him last
10) Acest om a salvat un copil de la inec This man saved a child from drowning drowning
saptamina trecuta. Cind l-a vazut pe baiatul child last week. When he saw the drowning boy
care se ineca, si-a scos jacheta si a sarit in who was drowning, he took off his jacket and he
apa fara sa ezite. jumped in into the water without ezitation.
hesitation.
11) Ieri un mic avion de tip Cessna a aterizat pe Yesterday, a small plane type Cessna landed on
autostrada din apropierea Londrei. the London's nearby highway.
Yesterday, a small Cessna plane landed on the
motorway near London,
12) Vampirul deschise ochii, se ridica in capul The vampire opened his eyes, sat up in the
oaselor in cosciug si privi imprejur coffin and looked around
13) Apoi se ridica in picioare, isi puse o cravata si Then he stood up, he put up on a tie and he
zimbi smiled
14) Am crezut ca era secretara, s-a dovedit a fi I thought she was a secretary, but it proved that
sefa. she was the boss she turned out to be the boss
15) Delegatia a sosit la 11:30. Presedintele i-a The delegation arrived/made in at 11:30. The
intimpinat personal la aeroport chairman encountered greeted/welcomed
them at the airport
16) Ne-a placut foarte mult vacanta noastra in we enjoyed very much our holiday in France
Franta very much
17) M-am dus in oras cu autobuzul, apoi am luat I went in town to the city by bus, then I took a
un taxi pina la aeroport taxi to the airport
18) Cine a descoperit America Who discovered America?
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19) Cinci ani mai tirziu domnlu Jefferson se Five years later, Mr Jefferson married Martha
casatori cu Martha Skelton si se stabili cu Skelton and settled down with his wife in
sotia sa in Monticello Monticello
20) Ei au facut repetitii pentru spectacol Marti si They did rehearsals for the show on Tuesday and
Joi si au dat reprezentatia simbata cu un Thursday and they gave the representation
succes imens staged it on Saturday with a huge / enormous
success.
vocabulary
To sit up (to sit, sat, sat) A se ridica (in fund/ in capul oaselor)
To sit = a sta
Coffin Sicriu
To turn out A se dovedi
She turned out to be the boss Ea s-a dovedit a fi sefa
In time vs on time In time means early enough
I got there in time for the parade.
I was able to reach you in time
-Please submit your paper in time.
-In time for what?
on time means just at the specific time
The project was completed on time. (by a
certain date and time)
-Let's start on time (neither before nor
after, just on a certain time)
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The past continuous tense - forms
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative - interrogative

(+) (-) (?) (-/?)
I Was writing Was not writing Was I/he writing? Was I/he not writing?
He /She Wasn't I/he writing?
/It
You Were writing Were not writing Were you writing? Were you not writing?
Weren't you writing?
We Were writing Were not writing Were we/you/they Were we/you/they writing?
You writing? Weren't you/we/they
They writing?
The past continuous tense - use

1) Actions that were in progress at a I was taking a shower when you came in
given moment in past At five o'clock we were all having tea in the garden.
They were still fighting when the police arrived
2) Continuous activities during a definite We were playing Bridge from 8.00p.m. till midnight.
period in past. She was shopping between 3 o'clock and four.
They were quarelling all last night
3) Parallel continuous actions in the She was peeling the potatoes while Andi was cooking
past the fish
She was talking to me and writing something down at
the same time
He was digging in the garden and singing to himself all
day
4) Definite future arrangements made in They refused your invitation because they were leaving
the past for London next morning.
He put on his best suite as he was meeting the
ambassador at six
The children cleaned their teeth carefully for they were
seeing their dentist that afternoon
5) Other use I was wondering if you could help me tonight (polite
form of addressing people)
They were always complaining about averything
(persistent past activities that were annoying)
I was reading about it somewhere recently (incomplete
actions in the past)
I was talking to your mother the other day (casual past
actions)
Continuous past tense – use (Macmillan 1)

1) For a continuing unfinished action in When Sue arrived at 9:30, four people were waiting
the past outside the office
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2) For continuing unfinished action While we were doing the math tests, the fire alarm
interrupted by a sudden past action. went off
3) For activities as background The rainforest was full of sounds. Brids were calling
description from the trees an thousands of insects were buzzing
and humming.
4) for two continuing events happening While Cortes was talking to the emperor, his army was
at the same time taking over the palace.
while, when
5) Use while with past continuous for the time
the event was happening
6) Use when with past simple for actions
7) more descriptive time phrases instead of At the moment the earthquake struck, most
when people were going about their normal lives
habits in the past

8) For describing habits and states in the Rainforests used to cover a third of the Earth, but
past it is more natural to use used now they are getting smaller.
to+verb than past continuous, especially once people didn’t use to wory about this problem
when we make contrasts with the What games did you use to play in the playground
present. We do not mention the exact at school?
date
I. page 57 Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past simple or the Past continuous
1) The ship was approaching Cape Town when the tornado began.
2) The bomb went off when the president was giving a speech.
3) He didn’t hear the bell because the radio was playing.
4) When I got home everybody was dancing.
5) The plane caught fire when it was taking off.
6) Whenever I came to see them they always were quarelling.
7) Tim crashed into a street light because he was driving too fast.
8) Cindy was laying the table while the kids were triming the Christmas tree.
9) She was making pastry when the telephone rang.
10) He was peeping on the keyhole when the suddenly opened.
11) Father was shaving and singing a silly song at the same time.
12) What was you doing last night between 11 o’clock and midnight?
13) The teacher was writing something on the blackboard while the children are throwing paper
balls at one another.
14) She was breaking down when she heard the news.
15) I was thinking about their proposal all night, but I didn’t make any decision.
16) I saw Lisa Minelli in the theatre last night. She was sitting in the first row.
17) We were flying over the desert when the engine stalled.
18) They were working very hard when the inspector entered.
19) The tyre blew up when she was driving on a deserted country road.
20) She was taking a shower when the snake crep into the bathroom.
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II. page 58. Supplement the missing parts of the following sentences according to the example:
1) Martha was cooking dinner when the gas stove exploded.
2) Granny was making / knitting a sweater while the cat was playing with yarn.
3) The nurse was making the/giving an injection when the needle broke.
4) The boys were flying the kite when it started to rain.
5) Jill was playing tennis when she injured her wrist.
6) Philip was brushing his teeth when he swallowed some toothpaste.
7) They were gathering / picking mushrooms when a wolf attacked them.
Gathering vs picking = a aduna vs a culege
8) The mountaineer was climbing Mount Everest when the rope snapped
9) The secretary was writing typing some letters when the boss called her on the intercom.
10) The robbers were openening the safe when the alarm went off.
11) We were visiting Paris when the war began.
12) The professor Ward was delivering / giving a lecture when student’s riot began.
13) The reporter was taking pictures when the police put him under arrest
14) The lumbermen were felling the tree when the accident happened.
15) The sergeant was giving / shouting the orders while the soldiers were carrying them out.
carry out = a indeplini
perform = a efectue
(traducere!!!!)
16) Nigel was smoking a cigar when he started to caugh.
17) Michael Jackson was singing “Bad” while his fans were trying to climb the stage.
18) Sheila was picking / cutting some roses when she pricked her finger.
19) The gardner was mowing the lawn when he found a silver coin in the grass
20) The surgeon was finishing / performing the operation when the patient woke up.
vocabulary
peep a se uita pe furis, a se uita printr-o
deschizatura
stove soba
sweater pulover
yarn fire toarse
wrist incheietura miinii
injure a avaria, a deteriora, a rani, jigni
mountaineer alpinist
to climb over a escalada
intercom interfon
to deliver a lecture (on) a tine o conferinta (despre)
riot razboi, taraboi. rascoala
prick a intepa, a marca, a da pinteni calului
Carry out A indeplini
Perform A efectua
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IV. page 60. Translate into Enlish

1) Ce faceai pe malul riului azi-dimineata la What were you doing on the shore of the river
ora 6? at 6 o’clock, in this morning?
Pescuiam. I was fishing.
2) Cortina se ridica in momentul in care The curtain was rising when the bandmaster
dirijorul lesina. (orchestra conductor) fainted.
3) Autobuzul a pornit brusc in timp ce femeia The bus suddenly started while the woman
se urca in el was getting on it
4) Pentru ca ploua, copiii se jucau in casa. Because it was rainning the children were
playing in the house
5) Cine era fata aceea cu care dansai cind am Who was that girl which who you were
intrat eu? dancing with when I got in?
6) Cum ti-ai rupt piciorul How have you broken your leg?
Am cazut de pe scara cind vopseam tavanul How did you broke your leg?
I fell off the ladder when I was painting the
ceiling
7) Nu mi-a placut ciinele lor. Aducea mereu I didn’t like their dog. It was always bringing
noroi in apartamentul nostru mud in our flat.
8) Munca era perfect organizata. Cind barbatii The work was perfectly organized. When
taiau lemnul, femeile stringeau frunze. While the men were cutting wood the women
were gathering the leaves.
9) Am plecat mai devreme pentru ca a doua zi We left earlier because the next day we was
urma sa zburam la Detroit were flying to Detroit next day.
10) De cite ori l-am intilnit, purta (mereu) o Whenever (everytime) I met him, he was
umbrela always wearing an umbrella.
11) Speram intr-o marire de salariu, dar seful a I was hoping to increase my get a rise in salary
refuzat but the boss turned it down.
12) Toby si-a pierdut pe undeva ceasul, pe cind Toby lost his watch somewhere while he was
patina in parc pe patine cu rotile roller skating in the park.
13) Dolly a spart doua farfurii cind a spalat Dolly broke two plates when while she was
vasele azi dupa cina washing up after the dinner today.
14) Cind am venit la ea era rezemata de perete When I came at to her she was leaning against
si plingea the wall and she was crying
15) Cenusareasa avea mult de lucru. Daca nu Cinderella had a lot of work. If she wasn’t
freca podeaua, cirpea rochiile surorilor ei cleaning the floor she was mending her
vitrege stepsisters’ dresses.
16) Matusa imi spunea intotdeauna sa fac My aunt always told me to do things that I
lucruri pe care eu nu vroiam sa le fac. wasn’t wanting to do
My aunt was always telling me to do things
that I didn’t want to do
17) Cum feribotul se scufunda cu repeziciune, As/While the fery was sinking fast I jumped in
am sarit in barca de salvare the lifeboat
18) Cind ii explicam aceasta problema, el se When I was explaining him this issue he was
gindea la altceva thinking about something else
58
At the restaurant
19) Baietii au batut mingea toata ziua, pina The boys were playing the ball all the day all
cind au spart fereastra day long until they broke the window
20) La intilnirea de ieri, au luat in considerare At the yesterday's meeting they considered all
toate argumentele pro si contra, dar n-au arguments pro and cons but they didn’t make
luat nici o decizie any decision.
Vocabulary
leaf, leaves frunza, frunze
chop a taia, a reteza
leaning against sprijinit de
lifeboat barca de salvare
Which Doar pentru lucruri
Regula
go + v-ing, intotdeauna fara prepozitie
59
Lesson 9 Pagina: 60 Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous

Forms
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE
(+) (-) (?) INTERROGATIVE
(-/?)
I have been writing have not been have I/you have I/not you been
You writing beenwritting? writing?
haven’t you been writing?
He / has been writing has not been has he/sge/it been has he/she/it not been
She / writting writing? writing?
it
we have been writing have not been have we/you/they have we/you/they not
you writing been writing? been writing?
they haven’t we/you/they
been writing?
USE
1) Actions which began in past and are still I’ve been waiting here all morning and the bus
continuing. hasn’t arrived yet.
They have been going out together for six
months now.
We’ve been using this road since the war
2) Actions which began in past and have only There’s my pen at last. I’ve been looking for it
just finished since lunch.
My towel is wet. Have you been using it?
You know you’ve been sleeping for ten hours?
I. Put the verbs in prantheses into the Present Perfect Continuous

1) There's no answer. I have been phoned this number for two hours.
2) I can smell cigarettes. Has someone been smoking here?
3) Where's my calculator?I've been looking for it all day
4) How long have you been living here?
5) Look at the man. He has been following us for the past twenty minutes.
6) My hands are dirty because I have been fixing the car
7) I'm sorry I'm late. Have you been waiting long?
8) Susan deserves a break now. She has been typing since 8 o'clock.
9) How long have you been wearing contact lenses?
10) My bed is a messHas someon been sleeping in it again?
11) Let's stop for a while. He has been walking too fast
12) The policeman wants to take a breath test. He thinks you have been drinking.
13) Your eyes are quite red. Why have you been crying?
14) Ask Tom to get out the bathroom. He has been sitting there for half an hour.
15) Dan looks tired . He has been overworking.
16) Let me drive now. I think you have been driving too long.
17) They have been building this bridge for more then three years and it isn't ready yet!
18) My razor is quite blunt.Have you been using it?
19) Your nose is all white! I know, I have been painting the ceiling in the kitchen
20) It's stinking here. Yes, Father has been frying is favorite fish again.
60
II. Answer the following questinos:

1) Since when have you been living here I've been living here since 1990
2) How long have you been learning English I've been learning English for two months
3) Have you been studying hard recently? I have been studying quite intense, there have
Why? been at least two hours a day, in every day
4) Who has been helping you with physics I have not been studying physics for many
years
5) What have you been thinking about for I have been thinking about how can I scan the
the last ten minutes? book without damage it more than it already is
III. Complete the following dialogues translating the words given in parentheses in
English. Use Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous
1) Have you heard that Lisa has been meeting James quite recently? Yes they have announced
their engagement today
2) Is it snowing outside? Yes, it has been snowing since last night. Did (Has) it ever snowed before
in this part of country?
3) Look at this photo, Hicks. Have you seen this man before? Yes It's my partner Tim Rogers. I have
known him for ten years and we have been working together since last summer.
4) I haven't seen your girlfriend recently. Has she left away? Yes. She has left me.
5) Have you finished the exercise. Yes, I'done questions five and seven. But I said nine and eleven.
Haven't you been listening?
6) Is Mike still asleep? Yes he has been sleeping since midnight. He has never slept so long in his
entire life.
7) Are you going to Riviera this summer? Yes, we have been thinking about it but we haven't
decided yet
8) Have you been caughing a lot recently, Mr. Symes? Not really, I have been sneezing most of the
time, doctor.
9) ***We haven't had electricity since the storm last week. How have you been (making ends
meet)/(getting along)/(using)?
make ends meet = a face fata financiar, cheltuielilor, doar in contextul banilor
get along/get on/get on with = if people get along they like each other and they are friendly to
each other = a se intelege
get along with somebody = a se intelege cu cineva
N-am avut curent de la furtuna de saptamina trecuta. Cum v-ati inteles?
10) I think there is someone at the gate. The dog has been barking for quite a while now. Ah, yes.
It's the postman. He has brought a big parcel.
11) How long have you been having dinner/(heve you been dining) at this restaurant? Since we
moved to this neighbourhood. And we have never complained about their food.
12) Where have you been? In the garden. I've sown potatoes and Jeff has mowed the grass/I’ve
been planting potatoes and Jeff has been mowing the grass (a plantat, a cosit)
13) Have they decided where to go tonight? No, they have been quarrelling about that since
breakfast.
14) Simon has been digging a big hole on the beach since 9 o 'clock. Hasn't he been finding found
the tresure yet?
61
15) It's one o'clock and we still haven't drunk our Bew Year's toast. Well, Jim has been tring to open
a champaing bottle since lsat year.
16) Nobody hasn't seen him since last spring. Yes, He has been hiding somewhere in the mountains.
17) This has been lasting/(going on) for a month now. (I'm fed up )/(have had) enough. Have you
consulted your lawyer
18) I haven't seen Viviene today. Is she at home? Yes, she has been ironning since breakfast. Has she
ironed my blue shirt yet?
19) Now, that you have divorced your wife, what are you going to do? Well, something I have
wanted to do for a long time - marry you! Have you lost your senses?
20) Have they reached a compromise in the negotiations today? No, they have tried/(have been
trying), but they (haven't succeeded)/(have failed)
Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous

I have read ten books this month => achievement
I’ve been reading many books this monts => duration
I’ve been running all day, that’s why I’m tired.

I’ve been running all day =>up to now, that’s why I’m tired.
IV. Translate into English
1) Fac aceeasi greseala de cind am inceput sa I have been doing the same mistake since I
invat sa bat la masina started learning type –writing.
2) Ar trebui sa mergi la doctor. Tusesti de o You should go and see a doctor. You have
saptamina. been caughing wor a week.
3) Ai putea sa faci niste ceai? Ceainicul fierbe Could you make some tea? The kettle has been
de 15 minute boling for 15 minutes.
4) Mergem cu masina de o ora deja si inca n- We have been driving for an hour (now) and
am vazut nici o statie de benzina. we haven’t seen any (a single) gas station yet.
5) Tata tot incearca de la micul dejun sa Father has been trying to start the car since
porneasca masina. breakfast.
6) Iesi afara din piscina. Inoti de peste o ora. Get out from (of) the pole. You have been
swimming for more than/(over) an hour
7) Acoperisul nu mai este etans din toamna The roof is no more watertight since last
trecuta autumn
The roof has been leaking….
The roof is no longer waterproof
8) Spune aceleasi glume de 15 ani He has been telling the same jokes for 15 years
9) Dl Hicks distribuie corespondenta in acest Mr Hicks has been spreading the mail in this
cartier de la ultimul razboi block since last war
…has been delivery/has delivered ….
spread things, news
delivery letters, package
62
10) Copiii asteapta cu nerabdare petrecerea The children has been expecting this party for
aceasta de o luna a month
…has have been looking forward to/waitin
for…
look forward to ving (este urmat doar de
verbe in ing)
11) V-am prins. Va sarutati. I’ve caught you. You have been kissing
I’ve got you….
12) Profesorul Morgan preda la acea Professor Morgan has been teaching at that
universitate de 20 de ani university for 20 years
…has been lecturing…
lecture-> university
teac ->other school
13) Primim scrisorile acelea anonime de cind We have been receiving those anonymous
sotul meu a aparut la televizor letters since my husband was on/appeared on
tv
14) Fiatul acesta mic claxoneaza deja de 20 de This small Fiat has already been honking for 20
minute. Ma intreb unde a plecat minutes. I wonder where his owner has
proprietarul lui left for/gone?
15) Ea poarta doliu de cind a murit fratele ei She has been wearing black (ever) since her
brother passed away.
ce rol are ever aici?

ever accentueaza tot timpul trecut
She has been mourning = Ea poarta doliu
(se citeste ca morning)
16) Preturile au crescut continuu din ianuarie The prices have been rising continuosly since
January
…going up/climbing increasing
17) Familia Johnson e pe cale de a bate The Johnsons are about to beat the record.
recordul. Valseaza de trei ore They have been dancing for three hours
The Johnsons are going to breake the record.

They have been waltzing for three hours now
ce arata now?
now = pina acum
Se poate traduce: valseaza de acum trei ore
18) Pot sa vad permisul dvs de conducere. Ati May I see your driving license. You have been
condus cu viteza domnule. driving speedy mister.
You’ve been speeding sir.
mister nu se foloseste ca apelativ, poate avea
conotatii peiorative
19) Se cearta mereu de cind s-au casatorit They have been quarrelling all time since they
have married.
They have been quarrelling ever since they got
merried
ever?
63
20) Acesti oameni cultiva trestie de zahar de These people have been growing sugar cane
multe generatii for many generations
De discutat exercitiul V/pag46 - Teste de engleza
Vocabulary
Bark, barked, barked A latra, hamai.....
Parcel Colet
... dining A lua cina
watertight etans
impervious impermeabil
honk, honked, honked a claxona
continuously continuu, in mod continuu
go up a urca(rise), a merge in sus
merry vesel
marry casatori
sugar cane trestie de zahar
Macmillan 1 – Present Perfect Continuous

Use
To talk about recent continuing activities What have you been doing lately?
I've been revising for my exam.
To explain how ercent contnuing activities My eyes aches. I've been reading all day
have caused the recent situation
O talk about recent continuing activities which This diagram shows how the climate has been
probably continue in the future changing
With how long questions How long have you been studyinf French
(this is a continuing process, and isn't finished)
With time words lately, recently, all (day), I've been studying all morning
every (day/morning), for, since (It's still morning and I haven't finished my
work)
Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous

Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
I've written my project I've been writing my project.
(finished but we don't know when) (continuing up to present, but not finished)
Note: we do not say: "i'm working here for three years"
64
Lesson 10 Pagina: 65 Going shopping
Dialogue on shopping
- Is the electrical store here?

- Yes sir, what can I do for you?
- You know, I have some rare records on vinyl and I wish (I) transferred them on my pc in a digital
format. So, I need a record player.
- Sorry sir, I haven’t seen a record player for ages. They are discontinued. We don’t have it them
any more in stock.
- So, I find myself in a hopeless situation.
- Actually, I think I can help you, the Hardware Store might sell what you are looking for
- Great…
- They had some record players with PC interface, but I’m not sure if they are (not) out of stock
now.
- And where is the Hardware store?
- It is on the next floor up on the escalator.
- …
At the Pet Shop

- I want some food for my tomcat.
- Sure, what kind of food shall it be, for kitten or adult?
- For an adult, he is 11 years old.
- How nice! Do you wish dry or wet food?
- Actually, he is on a diet, I can buy him only hypoallergenic food.
- Oh, poor little kitty, we have hypoallergenic food from Hills and Royal, wet and dry as well.
- Which do you think is the best?
- All of them are very good even for the most picky cats.
- Ok, I think I’ll take 1/2Kg dry food from Hills.
- Very well sir. … Here’s your pack. Do you wish anything else? / (Is there anything else I can help
you with?)/(Can I help you with anything else?) a doua este cel mai des utilizata!
- No, thank you. Don’t you have a bag?
- Do you want a big one or a small one. The big bag is 0.5Ron, the other is for free.
- I’ll take a big one. Can I pay by card please?
- Yes, we accept any type of card or you can pay in cash, of course. Do you have a loyalty card?
- Yes, I recorded it on my smart-phone. Just a second please…here it is.
- It seems the scanner can’t read it, I have to enter it manually. Ok, that’s it all!
- Please give me your card /(Put your card into the machine please) …. and enter your PIN.
- Thank you sir. Here is your card and the receipt. I wish very speedy recovery to your tomcat!
- Thank you. I’ll tell him.
65
Lesson 11 Pagina: 66 Future
Roxana – Future tense 2015-08-11
Vocabulary
by the end of the year pina la sfirsitul anului
foretell, foretold, foretold a prezice viitorul
return ticket bilet dus intors
overalls salopeta
I will have been == I’ll’ve been {ailav bi:n}

By 2016, I will have been working in my company for 14 years.
Vocabulary
as a matter of course normally, as a normal procedure
The nurse takes your temperature as a matter of course
Your are expected to make your own bed as a matter of course
naturally, automatically
Maby pet owners lavish affection on their animals as a matter of
course
Lavish adj. risipitor, generos
a risipi
1) FUTURE SIMPLE (actions as a matter of course) – neutral

a) I hope you will have a good time
b) I hope you will be there
2) FUTURE CONTINUOUS
a) By this time tomorrow, I will be reading a new book. (????)
b) Julio Iglesias will be performing live in Bucharest, next autumn
3) FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
a) By 2017, the CityHall will have built 20 blocks of flats
4) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
a) By 2016, I will have been teaching English for 15 years
Regula!
present tense with future reference = timpul prezent cu sens de viitor
In propozitiile temporale si conditionale nu se foloseste forma de viitor cu will/would impreuna

cu urmatoarele conjunctii:
- when, as soon as, until / till, as long as, after, before, while, by the time
- if
- provided that = cu conditia sa…
- providing that
- supposing that = presupunind ca
- in case
66
- on condition that = cu conditia sa…

He will call you when/if he arrives at the airport;
I don’t know when she is going to come back
In case it’s going to rain we are staying home
Exceptii de la regula!
If you will (are sens de vointa) help me, I will appreciate it.
If you won’t stop eating, you will get fat = Daca nu vrei sa te opresti
5) Present Simple (future fixed arrangements)

a) The store opens next Sunday
b) The store opens from 8.00 am
c) School starts in September
d) The train leaves at 5.30 pm
e) On Monday we visit the Castle
(a) Instructions
(b) Stage directions
6) Present Continuous (Plans for the near future, personal arrangements)
a) We are leaving next week.
b) My parents are coming next Monday
c) What are you doing this Saturday
7) TO BE GOING TO +V(inf) = to intend to +v.
a) I’m going to stay home tonight
b) There are many clouds. I think it is going to rain
8) TO BE ABOUT TO +V(inf) iminent future
a) Look out! The tree is about to fall
b) They are about to fail exam
9) TO BE ON THE POINT/VERGE + V(ing)
a) They are on the point of breaking up
10) TO BE TO + V(inf) – Future obligation
a) You are to come back imediately
Vocabulary
high heels tocuri inalte
high heeled shoes pantofi cu tocuri inalte
a car with 4 wheels for wheeled cars
van furgoneta
al the same totusi
67
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

FORM
(-/?)
S= &S. &S. shall /will shall /will
(I, You, shall/will (shall not) &S. &S.
He, She, write /(shan't) write write? not write?
It, We, &S.
You, (will not) shan't /won't
They) /(won't) write &S.
write?
USE
1) Expectations, predictions, opinions or Don't worry! She'll come back.
assumptions about the future (with or without I'm sure we'll find him in the office.
the time expressions) My daughter will be ten next month.
Typical time expressions

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,
next Monday/ week /month /year
in a week's time,
soon, shortly
Useful verbs and adverbs often followed by the
Simple Future Tense
believe, assume, think, expect, know, doubt, suppose,
hope, wonder, be (feel) sure, be afraid, I daresay
(indraznesc sa spun, dare say-> 1 singur cuvint)
2) Habitual future actions Boys will be boys
Tourists will always come to visit this place
Old people will die and children will be born
as usual
3) With conditionals type Iand time clause I'll break his neck if he does that again
If they play it again, I'll ask her to dance
Vezi REGULA de la lectie! I'll give you a ring as soon as we know
something definite
4) Intentional actions (particularly taken at the What would you like to drink - I'll have
moment od decision) some wine please.
I like these T-shirts. I'll take the black one.
I can't open this bottle. - Ok. I'll do ít.
68
5) Some other uses of will Will you join us for lunch? (invitations)
Will you post this letter for me please
(requests)
Shut up, will you? (question tag with
imperative)
You will do as I tell you (commands)
An English policeman will usually be happy
to help you(habits and characteristics)
Where is Joe? He left an hour ago. He'll be
at the airport by now. (assumptions
6) Some other uses of shall Shall I pour you a drink? (proposal)
Let's go out tonight. Shall we?
We shall overcome(emphasized
determination)
The Parliament shall consists of two houses
(formal regulations)
Ways of expressing Futurity

a) Future Tense
1) Future Continuouse Tense
2) Future Perfect Tense
3) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
4) Future in the Past Simple
5) Future in the Past Continuous Tense
6) The Future in the Past Perfect
7) The Future in the Past Perferct Continuous Tense
a) The Present Continuous Tense
b) The Simple Present Tens
c) the be going form
Vocabulary
assumption presupunere, aroganta
daresay a indrazni sa spuna
fruits of his labor frctele muncii lui
household gospodarie
prosecute urmari in justitie
referred to court trimis in judecata
weaken à slabi
69
III. –pag 72.Translate into English.If a word is given into parentheses, use it in your trnslation
without any changes. If a word is crossed, you must not useit in your translation.
1. O conduc pe Jill la aeroport la ora 7.30 dupa- *******
amiaza. (OFF) I’ll be seeing Jill off at 7.30
2. Ii voi spune sa te sune cum ajunge la Los I’ll tell him to call you as soon as he reaches at
Angeles (SOON) LA
3. Doresc o friptura, cartofi prajiti si salata de I’ll have a roast-steak, French fries chips and a
rosii (HAVE) tomatoes salad.
4. Am o idee: vom vinde casa si vom cumpara o I have an idea: We will sell the house and buy a
rulota trailer.
era mai potrivit: We are going to sell the house…
5. Vrei sa te casatoresti cu mine, Pamela? Will you marry me, Pamela?
6. Pot sa pregatesc micul dejun daca vei spala I will prepare make the breakfast if you wash the
vasele. (WILL) dishes.
prepare este corect, dar make este mai potrivit
I can make the breakfast if you will wash the

dishes.
Traducerea din carte este mai corecta pt ca tine
cont de “Pot sa”. Aici “if you will wash…” are
sens de vointa, daca vrei sa speli…
7. Ma tem ca judecatorul ii va da o condamnare I’m afraid the judge will give him a life sentence
pe viata. (LIFE)
8. Tom isi scoate dintele astazi (HAVING) Tom is having his tooth taken out today
take out = extract the tooth
9. El se va face bine (ALL) *******
He will be all right

He will get better / well.
10. Ma indoiesc ca vei reusi sa gasesti o I doubt (if) you will be able to find a better
secretara mai buna decit Brenda. scretary than Brenda.
if ?***
11. Imi mai trebuie zahar, acesta nu ajunge I need more sugar, this is insufficient. (won’t do)
(ENOUGH) *****
corect insufficient, won’t do este mai potrivit si
din vorbirea curenta. Uzual este enough.
12. Promit ca acest lucru nu se va mai intimpla I won’t let this think to happen again.
niciodata (REPEAT) I promise this will never happen again
13. Sper ca aceasta camera vi se va parea I hope you will find this room comfortable, Mr
confortabila, domnule Jones. (FIND) Jones.
70
14. Nu te voi ierta niciodata, daca nu-ti ceri I won’t ever forgive you ever, if you don’t
scuze (IF) apologize.
I’ll never forgive you , unless you apologize
if+negatie = unless = in cazul in care
15. Voi deveni o stea de cinema cind voi fi mare I will became a cinema star when I am grown up.
(TO BE) I’m going to be a movie star when I grow up
16. Bunicul va iesi la pensie la 60 de ani My grandfather will retire when he is 60 years
old years.
Grandfather is going to retire when he is 60.
Este mai buna a doua: Sigur se va intimpla. Este
echivalent cu:
It’s going to rain
It’s going to happen something
17. Taci, sau vei trezi copilul (BECAUSE) Shut up, or you will wake the child. (baby) up
18. Nu vei gasi un taxi la ora asta. Te conduc eu ****
pe jos (WALK) You won’t find (catch) a taxi at this hour. I’ll walk
you (home)
I’ll see you off home – este adecvat, aici am fost
obligat sa folosesc walk.
19. Ma astept la Lordul Essex sa intirzie din nou I will expect Lord Essex to be late again
(SUPPOSE)
I expect Lord Essex will be late again
20. Sunt sigur ca teroristii se vor preda in cele I’m pretty sure the terorists will eventually give
din urma (EVENTUALLY) up, eventually
Vocabulary
take out extract (teeth)
to see somebody off a conduce pe cineva
if+negatie = unless in cazul in care
Unless you finish your breakfast you won’t go out. Daca nu-ti termini mincarea nu
If you don’t…. vei iesi afara.
trebuie sa aiba propozitie subordonata ca si consecinta
Explicatie:
sg. plural
tomato salad salata de rosii
orange juice suc de portocale
71
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM
(-/?)
(I, You, shall/will (shall not)/ &S. &S.
He, She, be writing (shan't)/ be writing? not be writing?
It, We, (will not)/
You, (won't) shan't /won't
They) be writing &S.
be writing?
USE
1) Actions which will be in progress This time tomorrow I’ll be taking my written exam in
at a definite time in future. Spanish
What will you be doing at 8 o’clock tonight?
I’ll be studying
2) Activities which will ocupy a According to our itinerary we’ll be visiting St. Peter’s Basilica
certain period of time in future from ten o’clock until lunctime tomorrow.
I don’t want to invite the Thomsons; I’m sure they will be
drinking all night again.
We’re going to the States for the summer.

-Oh, you’ll be eating a lot of hamburgers!
Come between 11 am and noon, we ‘ll be waiting for you

3) Future activities that are Don’t cut the onions. You’ll ne crying
understood as a normal course of
action, a consequence, or as a I don’t have enough money to travel by bus. I suppose I’ll be
mere fact hitchhike
(future without intention)

4) Polite way of asking about other Will you be seeing Fred soon?
people’s future activities Will you be finishing this weekend?
Will you be using the word-processor today?
Vocabulary
mere simplu
mere fact simplul fapt (???)
merely ??
72
II. – pag 75. Translate into English. Do not change anything in parts already translated.
1) Nu cred ca vom ajunge la timp pe plaja. I don’t think we’ll be on (get to) the beach in
Soarele va rasari in citeva secunde time. The sun will be rising in a few seconds.
2) Vom ateriza in curind pe aeroportul Heathrow. We will be landing on the Heathrow Airport
Va rugam sa va fixati centurile de siguranta si shortly. Will you (please) fasten your seat belts
sa nu fumati. and don’t smoke (refrain from smoking)
don’t smoke nu merge pentru ca e
subordonat lui will
will you fasten and don’t smoke (will you)
stop smoking
3) Ma puteti recunoaste pentru ca voi purta You will be able to recognize me because I’ll be
rochia mea rosie si o palarie mare, alba. wearing my red dress and a big (large) white
hat.
4) Fractura nu e grava. Vei putea merge din nou The fracture is not serious.
in 4 saptamini You will be able to go after walk in 4 weeks
You will be walking again in 4 weeks
5) Sper ca atunci cind ne vom intoarce acasa I hope the children will be sleeping when we
copiii vor dormi are get back home. (return home)
6) Peste 50 de ani oamenii vor zbura pe Luna la In 50 years the people will be flying on to the
sfirsit de saptamina. Moon for the weekends.
In 50 years’ time
in 1year’s time
7) Pregateste aparatul de filmat. Cascadorii vor Get the video camera ready. The stuntmen will
sari de pe pod in citeva minute. be jumping off (from) the bridge in a few
minutes
adecvat este from, arata punctul de reper
8) Ma tem ca vor darima aceste cladiri vechi I’m afraid they will pull be pulling down these
peste citeva luni, pentru a face loc unui nou old buildings in a few months to make way for
magazin a new store (shopping center)
9) Vei merge cu bicicleta dupa-masa, sau pot s-o Will you be riding your bike after lunch, or
imprumut? may I borrow it?
ask for permisson:
can (este folosit si pentru a cere voie) Will you cycling after lunch, or can I borrow
may – mai politicos your bike?
might – si mai politicos
Explicatii!!
10) Cu asemenea preturi la mincare barinii vor With such prices on food the elderly will be
muri in curind de foame dying soon from starvation
With such food prices the elderly will soon be

starving
Expl!!!
Vocabulary
refrain from v.int: a se retine, a se infrina (abtine de la)
v.tr: a retine, a infrina
73
refrain s: refren
refrain from smoking sunt echivalente
stop smoking
to make way a face loc
74
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORMS
(-/?)
(I, You, shall/will (shall not)/ &S. &S.
He, She, have been (shan't)/ have been writing? not have been writing?
It, We, writing (will not)/
You, (won't) shan't /won't
They) have been &S.
writing have been writing?
USE
1) Actions which have been started By next month we’ll have been living here for five years.
in the past, are continuing in By the end of the year we’ll have been working for our
present and will be in progress company for 25 years.
for some time at a given point in They’ll have been coresponding for exactly 5 years in
future September 10th
I.–pag.77 Put the verbs in parenthesis in most suitable future form: Future Simple, Future
Continuous, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous:
1) Jimmy will be taking piano lessons this uear. I hope he will learn some Chopin pieces before he
destroys the piano
2) The children have 300 cans already. By the end of the next week they will have colected 500 if
you continue drinking at this rate.
3) By the end of their European tour the band will have given 25 open air concerts.
4) At the same time the tour agency will be selling have sold 400 thousan tickets to youngsters all
over Europe. are legatura cu propozitia precedenta, nu era gresit be selling dar e mai bun have
sold
5) I’m tired of living in the city. By February we will have been living here for 25 vyears. Fotunately
we will move be moving out to the country sometimes in June or July
6) Come back in half an hour. By then I’ll be washing and drying I’ll have wased and dried my hair
and we will be able to go out for a walk together.
7) I’m afraid the HIV will be continuing continue to spread throughout the world for the next
decade. AIDS will have killed probably 20.000 people by the end of 1990’s in this part of world
alone.
8) I spent a fortune with Spanish lessons. Nexr month I will have learnt been learning it for three
years and I don’t think I will be able to communicate successfully when I go to Spain this
summer.
9) The oil slick is spreading quickly. By the time they organize som help it probably will have it will
probably have polluted most of our beaches.
75
10) If he continues to spend his money so foolishly he will have lost most of his fortune by the time
he is 30
11) High costs have forced many manufacturers to close down their plants. By the end of this
quarter at least 5000 smaler enterprises will have gone bankrupt.
12) We also expect the larger employers will must have to reduce their workforce dramaticall.
About 300000 workers will have lost their jobs by 1999.
13) We can’t put you up tonight, the hostel is full. But come back tomorrow afternoon. Some of
aour guests will go have gone by then.
14) Don’t even talk to these Gypsies. By the time you realize wht’s going on they will have robbed
you of all your money.
15) Is she still on a diet? – Yes. By next next week she will have been slimming for six months, but I
think she will must have to stay on diet for another six months if she wants to get some results.
16) The famine is already caused 300 deaths in Africa. About 300 more victims wil have died of
starvation by the end of the month.
17) Judge Hawkins is merciless. By the time he retires he will have sent 20 people to death on the
electric chair
18) They started to climb in the morning. I expect they will reaching have reached the top by noon.
19) Jim and Claire are wonderful dancers. By next Monday they will have been dancing together for
ten years.
20) The search for a vaccine against AIDS has been very difficult. By next month our scientists will
have been working have worked on it for 8 years and I don’t think they will be beeing any closer
to an effective treatment than they were 8 years ago.
Vocabulary
youngster baiat, pici
famine foamete
merciless nemilos, necrutator
(student) hostel camin (studentesc)
Regula
S+hope/expect cere viitor simplu daca nu exista referinta temporala
II.-pag.79 Translate into English. Do not change anything in the parts already translated.
1) In noiembrie se implinesc 5 ani de cind By the november I’ll have been studying english
studiez engleza for 5 months
2) De azi intr-o saptamina se implinesc 20 de We will have been living for 20 years in this
ani de cind locuim in aceasta casa house in a week from now.
3) Daca vei continua sa-ti cumperi asemenea If you keep on buying such expensive clothes
haine scumpe, iti vei risipi intreaga avere you will have lavished wasted all your entire
pina cind te vei casatori fortune by the time you marry get married
4) Ma tem ca intreaga noastra rezerva de I’m afradid we will have finished run out the
carbune se va termina pina in ianuarie entire coal reserves by January
76
5) Daca nu mergi la dentist iti vei pierde toti Unless you go to the dentist you will have lost all
dintii inainte sa implinesti 30 de ani your teeth before get 30
Unless you see a dentist you will have lost all
your teeth by your 30th birthday.
to go and see a doctor = a merge la doctor

when you turn 30 = cind implinesti 30
77
Lesson 12 Pagina: 78 Driving and Highway code
18.08.2015
***
Vocabulary
Have you finished Ai/Ati terminat?
Are you finished Esti terminat?
Are you exhausted Esti epuizat?
Are you worn out? Esti foarte obosit? Epuizat/Terminat?
wear,wore, worn a imbraca, a purta
built up area in oras
off road car masina de teren
pelican crossing Pedestrian Light Control Crossing
amber chihlimbar
culoarea galbena a semaforului
eventually in cele din urma
Text messages
All the messages have a mistake. Rewrite the messages and correct the mistakes.
1) ****
2) What are you doing tonight? Come to my place and we’ll get Pizza
3) Can you send me Dave’s number as soon as possible?
4) It’s now half past eight and I am still waiting. If you are not here in ten minutes, I’ll/’m going
home. I stood in front of cinema.
5) You have won L200. To claim your prize call 08909434343. All calls cost L1.50 per minute.
6) It sounds good. I’ll meet you at the gym at 5.00pm.
7) How are you Ahmed? Did you get home ok last night?
8) I really enjoyed your company in the weekend. We have to do it again soon.
9) ****Can you get me a can of coke while you are at the pizza shop? **** traducere?
10) ****
11) Mum, phone me when you get this text.
12) So, what are you wearing tonight, I’m wearing my pink top and pink boots.
13) ****
14) Don’t bother calling me again. After what you did last night it’s over. Loser
15) Are you going to come out tonight? I booked a table at the restaurant, but I’ll cancel it if you are
not going to come. Please let me know.
16) What’s the name of this place in London where we stayed last night. I need to know as soon as
possible.
Driving and the Highway Code

1) What is the stopping distance for a car 1mile = 1.61Km
travelling at 50mph? As Euroncap standards, a new car stopping distance
must not exceed 40 meter from 100Km/h to 0Km/h
…a new car have to stop in 40m from 100Km/h.
But in real life (we have) / (it is wise) to consider
78
Lesson 12 Pagina: 79 Driving and Highway code
100 m stopping distance on a National road and 50

m in a built up are.
This is because we have to consider the (brain’s
delayed reaction) /(delayed reaction of brain) which
is about a tenth/0.1 second and also the wear of
break system.
2) What is the speed limit in built up In our country the speed limit in built up area is
area? 50Km/h. But in some towns, like Brasov or Roman,
there are road sections with 60 or 70Km/h.
3) What is the speed limit for a car The speed limit for a car driving on a motorway is
driving on a motorway? 130Km/h
4) Do Pelican Crossings have lights? Yes, It has.
5) Which light signals mean stop. Acording to the HighwayCode from our country we
have to stop at the red colour. We have to stop also
at amber if it is possible without endangering traffic
safety.
6) Can you wait in a box junction if you Yes, If you are in GB. In Australia as well. But
are turning right. elsewhere in Europe you can pass if you have
clipping green.
7) Can you reverse into a main road. Yes, but only in places where the line is dashed
8) Can you stop on the hard shoulder of We can stop on the hard shoulder for the rest and
a motorway relaxation.
Vocabulary
Highway Code Cod Rutier
wear of break system uzura sistemului de frinare
road section portiune de drum
endangering a pune in pericol
without endangering fara a pune in pericol
solid line linie continua
dashed line linie intrerupta
tenth zecime
hundredth sutime
thousandth miime
hard shoulder refugiu pe autostrada
Treceri de pietoni:
Zebra Crossing
Panda Crossing Light signals Red & Amber “Cross”
Tiger crossing Hong Kong (yellow & black; for cyclists)
toucan crossing for bicycles too “two can” Pedestrian + Cyclist
puffin crossing (Pedestrian User Friendly Intelligent Crossing)
UK – Push & wait
pegasus crossing UK – politia calare
79
Lesson 13 Pagina: 80 Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The Past Perfect Tense

FORMS
(-/?)
I had written had not written Had I /you/ he /she Had I /you/ he /she not
He /She Hadn't I /you/ he /she
/It written?
We had written had not written Had we /you /they Had we /you /they not
They Hadn't we /you /they
written?
USE
1) Actions completed shortly Whe arrived the boss had just left
before a certain point in the past The show had only just begun but we couldn't enter.
I refused his cigarette because I had only just finished mine.
2) Actions completeded in an I had seen that film but I went with Jill to keep her company.
unspecified time before a Denise had lost her car keys so she had to take a taxi.
certain point in the past I was sure we had met. His face was so familiar.
3) With time expressions: He pushed his wife from the window. Hwe had always
wanted to do that.
for years /months /weeks She had given birth to nine girls before Henry was born.
for two/three/for days / weeks... Rita had known him ever since they were kids. And now he
for ages was asking for her hand.
for a long time
since
ever since
since before
before
long before
till /untill
when
as soon as
after
by the time
4) Other uses "She left ten minutes ago"
He told me that she had left ten minutes before (indirect
speech)
If you had told me, I wouldn't have made that mistake.
(conditional III)
They selected me to jump from the plane. I wish they had
chosen somebodu else.
She told me that she only once had seen
80
I.pg.62 Put the verbs in parentheses into the Simple Past or the Past Perfect:
1) When we reached the airport, we found that the plane had crashed.
2) She told me that she only once had seen a Kangaroo in her life.
3) When the police entered the bank the robbers had already escaped.
4) He wondered where he had lost his keys
5) Did you really think that I had done that?
6) By the time the ambulace arrived three people had died
7) When I got on the train I realized that I had forgotten my passport
8) They brought in a patient who had swallowed a diamond ring. *****
9) When I saw her I was sure that we had met before.
10) They had no money because they had spent everything on duty-free whisky.
11) Before he joined the Army he had already worked for FBI and CIA
12) He felt awful in the morning because he had drunk too much that night.
13) Peterson wasn't afraid the Banks because he had beaten him twice before.
14) They had sold 2 million LP's in Europe before they decided to go on a tour of the USA
15) He hadn't understood a word before they brought an interpreter.
16) She knew about the accident because someone from the office had telephoned her before I
arrived.
17) She watched the film with interes because she had read the book.
18) When he saw some blood on the stairs he came to the conclusion that the murderer had
climbed onto the roof
19) They discovered a sack of gold nuggets which the previous owners had apparently hiden in the
loft.
20) She kept looking on the boy wondering where she had seen him before.
Vocabulary
sack sac. de sac
loft podul casei, camaruta sub scara
nuggets bulgare de aur, pepita
to bring in to carry, to convey
III.pg63 Translate into English:

1) Casa a ars din temelii inainte ca brigada de The home had burnt to the ground before the
pompieri sa soseasca fire brigade arrived
2) Intrunirea tocmai incepuse cind am intrat The meeting had just begun when I entered.
3) In ianuarie am obtinut rezultate mai bune We achieved better results In January than
decit se asteptase oricine anybody anyone had expected
4) Cind m-am intors in parcare, am observat When I came back in car park, I noticed that
ca masina mea disparuse my car had disappeared.***
5) Politia a acceptat conditiile teroristilor Police accepted the terms of terrorists after
dupa ce acestia au impuscat unul din they had shot one of the hostages
ostatitici
81
6) Nimeni nu stia ca Robertson se sinucisese Nobody knew that Robertson had killed
cu doua saptamini inainte himself two weeks ago earlier
7) Profesorul Collins s-a imbolnavit de un fel The professor Collins broke down of with a
de boala tropicala abia dupa ce s-a intors kind of tropical disease only after he had came
din Africa back from Africa
8) Martha nu a venit la petrecere pentru ca Martha didn't came come to the party because
baietelul ei racise her little boy had caught a cold.
9) Din pacate vasul s-a scufundat inainte ca Unfortunately the ship had sunk before the
elicopterul sa ajunga la locul dezastrului chopper reached the site of the disaster
10) Familia Miller a locuit in casa aceea 30 de The Miller's Millers had lived in that house for
ani pina cind a distrus-o un cutremur 30 years until an earthquake destroyed it.
11) Baiatul arata ca si cum nu s-ar fi spalat The boy looked like he had never washed
niciodata in viata lui himself ever in his whole life. ***
12) mi-era asa de foame ca am mincat florile I was so hungry that I had ate eaten the
pina sa vina chelnerul flowers until the waiter came.
13) Regele abdica dupa ce domnise 25 de ani The king abdicated after he had reigned for 25
years.
14) Petrecerea n-a avut succes. As vrea s-o fi The party didn't succeed wasn’t successful.
invitat pe Katy ****I wish I had invited Katy
15) I-am dat un papagal de ziua ei. I gave her a parrot for her birthday. She had
Intotdeauna isi dorise sa aiba un papagal always wanted to have a parrot.
16) Pictorul facuse patru schite inainte de a se The painter had made four drawings before he
apuca sa picteze portretul started to paint the portrait
17) Nu-i de mirare ca n-am recunoscut-o ieri ....
pe Judith. Isi vopsise parul. She had dyed her hair
18) De cit timp se cunosteau cind Tina s-a How long had they known each other when
casatorit cu Robert? Tina married Robert?
19) Noaptea trecuta o echipa de salvare a Last night a rescue team started looking for a
pornit in cautarea unui turist francez care French tourist who had leaved left the shelter
parasise adapostul in timpul dupamiezii si during the afternoon and he hadn't returned.
nu se intorsese.
20) Am verificat preturile mai multor companii I had checked the prices of several Western
occidentale inainte de a incepe sa companies before we started to import these
importam aceste video-recordere din video-recorders from Singapore.
Singapore
Vocabulary
(to) reign s: domnie
v: a domni
abdicate a abdica, a renunta la
give up his throne
achieve a realiza, a obtine (rezultate)
achievement realizare, dobindire
burn down a arde din temelii
burn to the ground
drawings desne
hostage ostatic
82
on her birthday de ziua ei

for her birthday
parrot papagal
shelter adapost
site of the disaster locul dezastrului
scene of the disaster scena dezastrului
sketches schite
the fire brigade brigada de pompieri
Western company companie occidentala`
looked as if ca si cind
dream, dreamt (dreamed), dreamt a visa
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

FORMS
(-/?)
I had been had not been Had I /you/ he /she Had I /you/ he /she not
You writing writing been writing? been writing?
He /She
/It Hadn't I /you/ he /she
been writing?
We had been had not been Had we /you /they Had we /you /they not
You writing writing been writing? been writing?
They Hadn't we /you /they
been writing?
USE
1) Actions which continued up to a He had been starting the car before the mechanic arrived.
certain point in the past The dog was all wet. He had been running for miles
They had been discussing the question for two hours when
the chairman suddenly closed the meeting.
I.pg66 Put the verbs into parentheses into the Pat Simple or Past Perfect Comtinuous
1) The baby had been cried for half an hour before his mother woke up.
2) She failed the exam though she had been studying German for two years.
3) Obviously the boy had been smoking before I entered because the room was full of cigarette
smoke
4) The band had been playing for more than one hour befeor the people started to throw rotten
tomatoes at them.
5) Although he had been trying to memorize the poem he couldn’t even remember first stanza.
6) Professor Evans had been lecturing on socialist economy for 15 years, before he decided to
change the subject.
7) He was absolutely worn out that morning because he had been drinking heavily all night.
83
8) Samantha had been working for two months before her picture appeared in Playboy.
9) We have evidence that Mr Reynolds had been cleaning the windows shortly before she fell
down.
10) The prisoner had been sawing the bars for three nights before he finally made his escape.
11) Although the girl had only been missing for eight hours her parents decided to call the police.
12) The dog had been whining for the whole day before our neighbour finally threw him a bone.
13) The diver discovered a pirate ship tha had been lying on the sea bed for two centuries.
14) Roy had been working to a math problem for two hours before his sister came and helped him.
15) The rabbit was very tired. He had been running from the dogs for hours.
16) I realized someone had been using my camera because there was fingers marks on the lens.
17) ****No wonder the engine broke down yesterday. I had been running for 24 hours.
18) At last the experimenters found the vaccine, they had been trying to develop (it) for three years.
19) The fresco which the artist had been painting since the previous summer was ready in August of
1661
20) ****(Traducere) It was only last year that Joan finished the book she had been writing since
1981
II. pg.67 Translate into English:

1) Andy a cistigat primul loc la concursul de Andy won/got the first place at the piano
pian numai pentru ca a exersat mult contest just because he had been practicing a
lot
Andy won in the piano competition only
because he had been practicing a lot
2) Stiam ca el luase droguri, din momente ce I knew he had taken/(been taking) drugs, since
ochii ii erau mereu incetosati his eyes were always blurred.
3) Ei ma urmareau de 2 ore, asa ca m-am ****They had been following for two hours, so
oprit si i-am intrebat ce vor. I stopped (myself) and I asked them what did
they want.
4) Dupa ce l-am cautat zadarnic pe copil timp After we had been looking in vain for the child
de doua saptamini, colonelul Adams a oprit for two weeks, colonel Adams stopped the
cautarile searches.
5) Soacra mea locuia cu noi de 10 ani cind a My mother in law had been leaving with us for
murit ten years when she died.
6) E adevarat ca Harry a intrat ultimul, dar el ****It's true Harry entered last,but he hadn't
nu se antrenase la fel de mult ca ceilalti been training as much as the others did
came in last
7) Tom a fumat din copilarie si pina cind ****Tom had been smoking since his
doctorul i-a arata o radiografie a plaminilor childhood until the doctor showed him a film
sai. of his lungs
film / X-ray?
8) Hilary Scatterbrain si-a cautat ochelarii HS had been looking for her glases all day until
toata ziua pina cind i-a gasit pe propriul nas she found them on her own nose.
84
9) Inainte de petrecerea accidentului, turnul Before the crash took place, the control tower
de control a receptionat niste semnale had been receiving some weird signals for
ciudate timp de trei minute three minutes
10) Inainte sa descopa aceste CD-uri ieftine Before I discovered these cheap CD-s I had
planuisem sa cumpar un platan de pick-u been planning to buy a HI FI stereo record
stereo de buna calitate player.
Vocabulary
rotten tomatoes rosii stricate
stanza strofa
whine a scinci, a se vaita, a (s)chelalai
vain zadarnic, inutil, fara rost
in vain in zadar, degeaba
vain discussions discutii fara rost
as vain as a peacock tantos ca un paun
85
Lesson 14 Pagina: 86 Travel and holidays
deck puntea vaporului

sleeping bag sac de dormit
coach station terminal pentru pasagerii de autobuz
departure lounge sala de asteptare
runway pista de decolare, poteca (batuta de animale), albie de riu
divert devierea de la o ruta ori o destinatie
deviate schimbarea catre ceva mai putin acceptabil ori normal
attend a participa, a asista, a fi prezent la
attendant insotitor
platform peron
quay chei (in port)
checkup - check up checkup is a noun, it is what you get when you visit your doctor
for a routine examination
check up ( 2 words) is a verb
Alice just ot back from a checup with a doctor.
... it will be an easier, faster way to check up on the diseas on

patients who have been diagnosed with MS
check in check in luggage onto a plane to obtain boarding pass
luggage bagaje
tour a journey during which several places are visited
Voyage a long journey by sea or space
Journey One piece of a travel (going from one place to another) -
usually for long distance.
-The journey tekas 3 hours by plane or 28 hours by bus
-He made the 200km journey bu bike
-A journey of a thousand miles maust begin with a single step
travel Going to another place (in general)
-I really like to travel.
-He travels frequently for work
-My sister currently travels through Bacau
Incorrect uses of travel
How was your travel? - How was your trip?
I am planning a travel to the US next month
I am planning (to travel)/(a trip) to the...
trip the act of going to another place and returning (often for a
short period of time)
-We took a five day trip to the Amazon
-You are back from vacation. How was your trip
-I went on business trip to France an Germany last month
campsite camping pentru corturi
accomodation food and lodging-mincare si cazare
guesthouse casa de oaspeti
vacancy camer libera
porter portarul angajat pentru carat bagaje
86
Lesson 14 Pagina: 87 Travel and holidays
piles mormane, gramezi

seaweed alge marine
seashore malul marii
seagull pescarus
seasick rau de mare
view out vedere spre exterior
face up cu fata in sus, a face fata
open up open your door, open your mouth
became available
to go as fast as possible
to become clear, uncluttered
......
open someone up a surgical operation
open something up unwrap something
examining or discussing something
behind in spate
aside deoparte
87
Lesson 14 Pagina: 88 How to sign an email/letter in English-Valedictions
Vocabulary
Valediction bun-ramas, adio
valedictions modalitati de incheiere (ramas bun) in scris
‘Kind regards’ and ‘Best regards’ are English bad!
The following are a few common English valedictions for you to use in your emails, and when you
might (or might not) want to use them.
Thank you for considering my job application! I really appreciate it.
Sincerely,
John
Sincerely is considered to be one of the most formal English valedictions. Using Sincerely
indicates that you are being sincere about your message and its content. This is a very common
way to sign job application letters or messages to people that you don’t know very well. You
wouldn’t, however, sign an informal letter to a good friend with Sincerely; it would look very out
of place.
Another formal valediction you can use is Yours truly.
I have finished coding the software and will start testing it for bugs tomorrow morning.
Thanks,
Elizabeth
Thanks is a very common English valediction. It does not necessarily mean that you are thanking
the person you are writing for anything that he or she did; rather, it is used in a general sense,
perhaps thanking the reader for their attention or for making it to the bottom of your email!
This is not often used in formal communications, but is very commonly found in emails from one
coworker to another, and can also be used when corresponding with your manager. In a similar
fashion you can also write Thank you or Much appreciated; these are considered to be more
formal than a simple Thanks.
I’m heading home to feed the dog. I’ll be back after lunch.
Cheers,
Thomas
Cheers is a very British, Scottish or Irish way to sign a letter; many people from the British Isles
sign their correspondence this way. It is also somewhat common in other Commonwealth
countries such as Canada and Australia. It is considered very casual; you would never sign a job
application letter with Cheers. Cheers is a word commonly used to offer a toast (with a drink) in
England.
Please remember that all power will be shut off in the building this coming Saturday.
Regards,
Ashley
88
Lesson 14 Pagina: 89 How to sign an email/letter in English-Valedictions
Regards is short for Best regards or Kindest regards, which in a way is saying “best wishes” or
“all the best to you”. In a similar fashion, Best and All the best are becoming popular ways to
sign emails in English. Regards is considered a less formal and more friendly way to sign a
message.
****
Best regards is appropriate when addressed to an aquaintance with whom the writer is on a first
name basis and the writer feels the need to be a bit effusive.
Kind regards would usually be seen in correspondence to someone with only formal relations. I've
seen lawyers use it, even a former colleague who is otherwise a great guy, but it has alway
struck me as pretentious and fusty.
It's hard to go wrong with very truly yours, which has come to mean I'm done now, here comes
my signature block.
Vocabulary
acquintance cunostinta
effusive exuberant
pretentious pretentios
fusty incins, muced, stricat!
89
Lesson 15 Pagina: 90 IF clauses (Conditional clauses)
Context Main Clause If clause

Type 0: Present simple Present simple
if X happens, Y happens The salt dissolves if you put it in water
Scientific facts, general truths
Type 1: will+Vinf
if X happens, Y will happen Future Present simple
I will help you if I have time
Te voi ajuta daca am/voi avea timp
Greg, I want to make a cake this I will help you If I have time,
afternoon, Will you help me?
Type 2: would + Vinf V-ed/2nd
if X happened, Y would happen Present conditional Past simple
What would you do if you won the lottery?
Ce ai face daca ai cistiga?
I am going to make the cake now. I’d (would) help you. If I had time,
Can you help me But I have to do my
homework
Fac prajitura chiar acum. Poti sa ma Te-as ajuta Daca as avea timp.
ajuti? Dar trebuie sa-mi fac
lectiile
Type 3 would have+Ved/3 had + V-ed/3rd
if X had happened, Y would have Past conditional Past perfect
happened I would have come over If I hadn’t stopped at my
As fi trecut office
daca nu m-as fi oprit ls
birou
Now, I have made the cake myself. I would have helped you. If I had had time,
Why didn’t you help me? But I had to do my
homework
Am facut prajitura, de ce nu m-ai
ajutat? Te-as fi ajutat Daca as fi avut timp.
Dar a trebuit sa-mi fac
lectiile
90
Vocabulary
stroll s: plimbare (scurta)
vtr: a colinda, a cutreiera
vintr: a hoinari
Rule:
In conditionale se pune were indiferent de persoana!
If clauses, type1:
1) If it rains, we will stay at home.
2) If you don’t know the way, I will pick you up.
3) My mom will bake a cake, if you come to see us.
If clauses, type 2:
1) If you studied harder, you would get better marks in your tests.
2) If we were rich, we would travcel around the world.
3) She would come to the market with us, if she didn’t have to work.
If clauses, type 3:
1) If you had helped us, we would have finished the work in next to no time.
2) I would have called you earlier, if I hadn’t lost you phone number.
3) The wouldn’t have gone, if the weather had been better.
If clauses:
1) If I had a compass I would give it to you. 3-3
2) If he hadn’t been ill, he would have run to marathon. 3-3
3) If you go to Ireland, you will need a raincoat. 1-1
4) We wouldn’t have missed the train if we had got up earlier.
5) If we lived in the country, the kids would play outside all day long. 2-2
6) If they hadn’t eaten that much, they wouldn’t have got a stomach ache. 3-3
7) I will not be able to write you if you don’t give your address. 1-1
1) Daca taceai, filozof ramineai If you had kept quiet, you would have been
wise.
2) Daca vei avea nevoie de mine, te rog sa ma If you need me, please give me a call.
suni
3) Mama ta va veni miine daca o vei suna Your mother will (is going to) come tomorrow
if you call her
4) Daca vei invata franceza bine, vei vizita If you learn French well, you will (are going to)
Parisul intr-o zi visit Paris someday
5) Daca o sa ai nevoie de carte, ti-o aduc imediat If you need the book, I will bring it to you
imediately
6) Daca ar fi sa aleg ce-mi place, as alege un alt If I were to choose what I like, I would choose
exercitiu another exercise.
91
7) Daca ai incerca ai reusi If you try, you will succeed

If you tried, you would have succeed.
8) Daca nu a venit pina la ora asta, nu vom mai If he didn’t come until now, we won’t wait for
astepta. him.
9) Daca ai fi fost in locul meu, procedai la fel? If you had been me, would you have
proceeded in the same way
Mixed conditional ()
1) Daca n-ai fi cheltuit asa multi bani, acum n-as If you hadn’t spent so much money, I wouldn’t
fi furios be so angry 3-2
2) Daca as fi vizitat Atena anul trecut, te-as fi If I had visited Athens last year, I would have
sunat. phoned you. 3-3
3) Daca as fi stiut ca ai deja bilete, n-as fi luat If I had known you already had tickets, I
nimic pentru tine wouldn’t have got any for you
4) Daca ai fi inceput sa vii la curs mai devreme, If you had started coming to the course earlier,
ai fi putut lua examenul. you could have passed the exam.
5) Daca n-as fi fost asa timid la petrecerea de If I hadn’t been so shy all party last Saturday, I
simbata, mi-as fi facut mai multi prieteni might made more friends
6) As fi putut fi contabil, daca eram bun la I could have been an accountant, if I had been
socotit good at reckoning
92
MacMillan: Conditionals-true, real and unreal

always true – zero conditional Lucruri care se intimpla intotdeauna in anumite imprejurari
if X happens, Y happens When/If you press the switch, the light comes on
real conditions – conditional 1 Ce crede vorbitorul ca se poate intimpla ca urmare a unei

if X happens, Y will happen situatii reale
If we do not deal with the global warming, temperature will rise
If we live now, we’ll catch the bus.
informal speech:
If you don’t take the umbrella, you are going to get wet
might, can / could in place of will

imperative in real conditions
If you don’t know a word, look it up in a dictionary
unless = if not
Unless we deal with the global, average temperature will rise
provided, as long as = if only

Provided / As long as we reduced the energy consumption, we
can slow down global warming.
in case - a situation that we want to be prepared for

Take an umbrella in case it rains
unreal conditions – conditional 2 Ce crede vorbitorul ca se va intimpla intr-o situatie imaginara

if X happened, Y would happen
What would happen if the Earth stopped turning?
If Earth didn’t have a Moon, the tides wouldn’t exist.
might, can / could in place of will

if I were you
I woudn’t do that if I were you
If I were you I wouldn’t do that
MacMillan-Ex.:1, pg. 71
Complete the answers using the word or words in capitals:
1) What happens when you heat water to 100C If I heat the water to 100C, the water boils.
2) What does water turn into when you boil it if you boil the water, the water turns in steam
3) What happens when you cool the steam? If you cool the steam, the water turns
back/condenses.
4) What happens when you heat a piece of When you heat a piece of metal, it expands
metal?
93
5) What happens when you freeze a piece of If you freeze a piesce of metal, it contracts
metal?
6) What happens if you freeze water The anomaly of thermal expansion of water
******** If you freeze the water, the volume contracts

until the temperature reaches 40C, then it
expands until 00C when the water freezes and
turns to/ becomes ice.
Use the words to complete an if-sentence about solutions to environmental problems
1) If everyone recycles paper, companies won’t cut down so many trees.
2) If everyone recycles metal and glass, we won’t waste valuable resources.
3) If everyone recycles paper, metal and glass, we won’t produce so much rubbish.
4) If everyone turns off unwanted lights, it will be saved a lot of electricity.
5) If everyone walks or cycles, it won’t be waste so much oil and petrol.
6) If everyone insulates their house, it won’t be waste so much energy for heating.
7) If countries uses more wind and waterpower, they won’t depend so much on power staions.
8) If countries uses power stations less, they will causes less air polution.
Use the promppts to complete the question. Then choose the most likely answer.
a) What would happen if you travel through the Earth to the other side.
(1) This would be impossible because the Earth’s core is hot
b) What would happen if the Earth suddenly stopped going around?
(1) Even if the Earth stopped we would keep moving.
c) What would happen if we didn’t have a Moon?
(1) Ther would not be any ocean tides.
d) What would happen if all the ice of the poles melted?
(1) Sea level would rise.
e) What would happen if there were no more electricity?
(1) People would use candles for light and fires for heat.
f) What would happen if aliens received messages from Earth and decided to visit us?
(1) They wouldn’t arrive for milions of years, as they would be so far away
MacMillan-Ex.:4A, pg. 72
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains unless or as long as and begins as shown
a) You won’t succeed in sport unless you train hard.
b) You can improve your perfomance, as long as you train regularly.
c) It doesn’t realy matter whether you succeed or not, unless you enjoy your sport.
d) You won’t develop as an athlete as long as you don’t sleep and eat properly.
94
MacMillan-Ex.:4B, pg. 73
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains in case
a) Take a spare pair of running shoes, in case it’s possible that you need them
b) Tka a waterproofcoat with you in case it’s possibile that will rain.
c) Take a warm jumperin case it’s possible that you will get cold when you stop.
d) Take a first-aidd kit in case it’s possible that someone will get injure.
MacMillan-Ex.: 5, pg. 73
Use the words to complete the conditional if-sentence, use an always true, real or unreal
conditional to suit the meaning
a) Scientists are planning a way of writing extremely smals letters, using Xenon (Xe) atoms. If
you used this system you would be able to write ten copies of the Bible on the are of the
postage stamp.
b) Human are among few animals to have colour vision. If you had been a horse, for example,
you would have seen everything in black and white.
c) The brain works in two parts, the left side and the right side. Scientists can put one part of
the brain to sleep, and see what happens. For example if they turned off the right side of the
patients brain, the patient wouldn't be able to sing, because musical ability comes from the
right side of the brain.
d) Beetles are one of the most numerous species on the planet. In fact if other insects and
animals didn’t eat beetles, in about a year and a half the beetle population would weigh as
much as the whole Earth
e) Parts of the body send messages to other parts of the body when they have to do things. For
example, if you didn’t have enough water in your body the brain would let you know that
you need more, by making you feel thirsty.
f) If you looked inside your own eye at the images there, they would be upside down, and they
would be moving
g) If you smoked, chemical changes would take place in your cells which do not receive enough
oxygene and die.
h) The world’s oceans contain huge amounts of salt. In fact if you removed all the salt from the
oceans, you would be able to use it to build a wall about 300Km wide and a kilometer tall all
around the Earth.
Hello, we have a plotter DOT180 that was bought this week, and want to ask your help for 2
issues:
-I wasn't able to install the drivers on a W7/64 system. The message was: "The driver
software was not successfully installed" and “Ultra Wide Printer” has a yellow triangle
in Device Manager;
-is there any possibility to integrate the plotter DOT180 with our "Investronica Sistemas"? I
mean that the technical personnel wish prefered to avoid to transform in HPGL format,
instead they want to send directly to the plotter queue.
Thank you.
Nelu Solomon, IT admin - Dan International SRL
95
Conditionals:
impossible past, wishes (confitional 3)
if X had happened, Y would have happened.
i'm sorry Ididn't talk to you yesterday, but I simply didn't see you!
If I'd (had) seen you, I would have said hello.
past condition with a result in present

if X had happened, Y would be different
If Chris hadn't gone to the hospital, he wouldn't be alive today.
Wishes
about the present
I wish I knew more about European history If I knew more about it now, I would be
happier
I wish I could swim really fast
wishes about the past

I wish I had been present at the battle of If I had been present at the battle of Waterloo,
Waterloo I would have been happy
wishes with would

use wish with would when we want someone to do something or not to do something. This is often
because we think it is a bad habit
I wish you wouldn't keep staring at me.
I wish Pete would phone
if only
Use if only to make stronger kind of wish about the present or the past.
If only I knew more about European history.
If only I had study harder!
Mac Milan ex 1/p75

a) If Alexander great had marched west instead of east, he would have conqured the whole of
Europe.
b) If more viking had gone to North America, the viking settlements would have succeeded.
c) If the ancient Egyptian had buit bigger boats, they would have crossed the Atlantic and
would have landed in America.
d) If a storm hadn't hited Bartolomeu Dias's ship off the coast of Africa in1487, they wouldn't
have arrived in the Indian Ocean by accident.
e) If Cheng Ho and other Chinese explorers had continued further on their voyages, they would
have sail up the west coast of Africa and reached Europe in the early 15'th century
f) IF Colombus hadn't read about Marco Polo's trip to China, he would not have tried to sail
there by crossing the Atlantic
96
g) If Colombus had sailed east in 1492, he would have reached China or Japan.
h) If the Aztecs hadn't thought that Cortes and his men were gods, the Spaniards wouldn't have
conquered Mexico so easily.
i) If Lewis and Clark hadn't found a way across America from St Louis to the Pacific in 1806,
thousends of settlers wouldn't have made the journey in later years to settle in the central
and western parts of North America.
j) If Charles Darwin hadn't taken a voyage to South America between 1831 and 1836, he
wouldn't have written his famous book The Origin of Species, which argued that living
creatures evolved over millions of years.
Mac Milan ex 2/p75

Use the information to make an impossible past conditional sentence which has a result in the
present
a) Columbus 1492: Don't worry men, I'v brought a map with me, so I know exactly where we
are. If I hadn't brought a map, we would have got lost!
b) Galileo 1640: i'v explained my new ideas to the Church, but now I'm in trouble! If I hadn't
explained them, I would be happy.
c) Marco Polo 1300: It's true, I have exagerated and made up some of the descriptions in the
book about my travels. I suppose thatí why people don't believe the true things. If I hadn't
exagerated and made up some od the descriptions, perhaps more people would believe the
true things.
d) Mrs Abraham Limcoln, April 1865: We went to the theatre last night, and now my poor
husband the President is dead, shot by a political opponent. If we hadn't gone to the theatre
last night, the President wouldn't be dead now/ alive today
e) Leonardo da Vince, 1518: I've done a lot of things in my life, but perhaps I haven't spent
enough time on my paintings. I didn't always manage to finish them, I'm afraid. If I had spent
enough time on my paintings, more of them would be finished now.
f) Napoleon 1820: in exile on the island St Helena: Loong back I can see that invading Russia
was a mistake. Without that, perhaps I wouldn't have lost the war. If I hadn't attacked
Russie, perhaps I would be Emperor of France now!
vocabulary
settlement stabilire, colonizare
97
Lesson 15 Pagina: 98 Linking words / phrases - Succesful writing
Computers
structures:
I my opinion
As I see it asa cum vad eu lucrurile
That's right because
That's wrong because `
I agree
I disagree
What's wrong with my computer?

1) The monitor and the hard drive don't a press control-alt-delete and shut it down
work
2) The monitor is dark d it's not turned on
3) The mouse dosen't work g it's not plugged into computer
4) I can't type a letter b You need to get a copy of Word on disk
and put it in your computer
5) I an't get the internet f You need to sign up with an internet
provider
6) The disk drive doesn't work e You are putting your disk in a wrong way
7) My computer has crashed i Turn it off and turn it on again
8) I think I've got a virus j Buy an anitvirus disk
9) Nothing works on my computer h they are not plugged in
10) It still doesn't work c Ask for help
Vocabulary
former fostul
intiiul/primul din enumerare
latter cel din urma, al doilea
I have written two novels, the former was a Am scris 2 romane, primul a fost un roman
love story and the latter was a detective de dragoste si al doilea a fost un roman
story. politist
98
Lesson 15 Pagina: 99 Linking words / phrases - Succesful writing
Reported speech
Tense Direct speech Reported speech
present simple I like ice cream She said she liked ice cream
present I am living in London She said she was living in London
continuous
past simple I bought a car She said she had bought a car
(She said she bought a car)
past continuous I was walking along the She said she had been walking along the
street street
present perfect I haven't seen Julie She said she hadn't seen Julie
past perfect I had taken English lessons She said she had taken Enlgish lessons
before before
will I'll see you later She said she would see me later
would I would help you, but She said she would help me, but...
can I can speak perfect English She said she could speak perfect English
could I could swim when I was She said she could swim when she was four
four
shall I shall come later She said she should come later
should I shoul call my mother She said she should call her mother
might I might be late She said she might be late
must I must study at the She said she had to study at the weekend
weekend
Reported questions
99

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First lesson Pagina: 1 [SIMPLE PRESENT]

First name: John

by boat, by plane, by car, by vs on foot

Regret about the present

Wish about the present

I don’t like this place. I wish I lived in somewhere more

I wish I had worked harder when I was at school.

I don’t like my work. I wish I could get a better job.

c) Do you shave twice a day?

II. Add questions tags to the following sentences:

4. He plays tennis very well, doesn't he?

III. Write questions to the following statements:

4) The post arrives once a week.

V.Fill in the blanks with appropiate verbs in the Simple Present:

VIII Answer the following questions in one sentence:

6) How old are you?

X. Find the romanian equivalents for the following english proverbs:

6) How often ___ elections in your country?

XIV. Translate into English

Why do you want to leave for/go to United States?

breed s.: Soi, neam, rasa, specie

feet s.: laba piciorului, picior (u.m lungime)

Extension activity - Prezentul simplu-cartea 1

Write ten sentences about your routines or habits.

last adj: ultimul

head for a se indrepta spre

Extension activity Prezentul continuu - cartea 1

Nuisance nociv, inconvenient, neplacere, suparare

Photography - 5tips and tricks

Taking pictures in a church.

What if the bride is taller than the bridegroom.

Taking macro shots without a macro lens.

Adjust the speed depending on focal length.

Vocabular UNIT2 – Present continuous vs Present simple

Revision Present Simple, Present Continous

1) How to take great shots in the nature? (informal spoken intruction)

Formarea adjectivului din substantiv

beauty + ful = beautiful frumusete + ful = frumos

beautiful => beautifully = In a beautiful way

full of life = plin de viata

Just listening – track 1

you are going to have to make something urmeaza sa trebuiasca sa faci

write down a scrie (a scrie o lista)

Just listening – track 2

Expense Cheltuieli - vezi expenditure

Just lissening - track 3

Just lissening – track 4

Plead a pleda, a invoca drept scuza

Past simple vs Present Perfect

The present continuous tense

4) The gardner mows the grass

II, Write questions to the following statements

a) What kind of music is orchestra playing?

4) Your brother B owes me $300.

5) He C looks to be an intelligent young man.

IX. Translate into English:

1.Jill asteapta un copil in octombrie Jill is expecting a child baby in October

2 Despre ce naiba vorbesti? What are you talking about?

Craciun alb are singing? I am dreaming of a White

In engleza ghilimelele se pun doar sus.

It depends not depends (subiectul nu se subintelege niciodata!)

11 Living standard is decreasing.

I’m in the mood for something = Am chef de ceva