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Chapter 03 PDF
Chapter 03 PDF
vp, ¥4 —vp is positive, Then, x= x9 > 0 Le., (x xp) is positive, It means the separation between the two objects will go on increasing with time i.e., the separation (x x9) between them will increase by an amount (04 ~vg)after each unit of time. Therefore, their position-time graphs will open out gradually as shown betow. X,(0) xn) Xpi0) #9) — Fig, 3.15 Example 3.56 Seeta is moving due east with a velocity of Ams“! and Geeta is moving due west with a velocity of 2 ms. What is the velocity of Seeta with respect to Geeta? ‘Sol. It is a one dimensional motion. So, let us choose the east direction as positive and the west as negative. Now given that Us =velocity of Seeta=1 ms“ and Ye =velocity of Geeta =-2 ms“! ‘Thus, Yso = velocity of Seeta with respect to Geeta =Vs Ug =1~(-2)=3 ms Hence, velocity of Seeta with respect to Geeta is 3 m/s due east, Example 3.57 Two parallel rail tracks run North-South. Train Amoves North with a speed of 54 kml"! and train B moves South with a speed of 90 kmh”, Find the relative velocity of B w.r.t. A Sol, Let positive direction of motion be from South to North, +54 kmh“! =15 ms", Given, v4 vp =—90kmh* =-25 ms The relative velocity of B wer.t. A 40.mst Vaa=Ya-Va i.e, the train B appears to A to move with a speed of 40 ms“! from North to South, Example 358 A man A moves due to East with velocity 6 ms”! and another man B moves in N-30°E with 6 ms~!, Find the velocity of B w.r.t. A Sol. Given, v= 6h Yq =U c08 60°E + vp sin 60°] =o(5}t-o(S}- 1433} To find the velocity, ven=V9-Va=G14+3y3))—61 Ivagl= V3? + V3 = 9427 =V36 =6ms7 Here, {is ve and J is +ve, So, second quadrant is possible. Direction, 31+3V3] = ceelficient off _ 3v3 coefficient off —3 tan 4B = a=60° Example 3.59 Buses A and B are moving in the same direction with speed 20 ms“ and 15 ms" respectively. Find the relative velocity of A w.r.t, B and relative velocity of Bw.r.t. A. Sol. Let their direction of motion of bus A is i, then @0ms")i and v,=05 ms (i) Relative velocity of A wit.t, B Yap =¥a~Vg = (actual velocity of A) - (velocity of B) 20ms"")i—15ms) i =(Sms")i (Gi) Relative velocity of Bw.r.t. A Yaa =¥3~¥4=(Actual velocity of B) =(15ms")i - 20ms" Example 3.60 Car A has an acceleration of 2 m/s? due east and car B, 4 m/s* due north. What is the acceleration of car B with respect to car A?Sol Itis a two dimensional motion, Therefore, fay =acceletation of car B with respect to ear A ae cre 2 ‘ ne ay ste? w E cag = 2s? s Here, ay = acceleration of car, B= 4 m/s? (due north) and ay acceleration of car A= 2 m/s? (ue east) lagal = VU)? + (2? = 2N5 mys? and a=tart(4)=tan' 9) 2 ‘Thus, ag, is 2V5 m/s? at an angle of o = tan“ (2) from west towards north, Example 3.61 A police van moving on a highway with a speed (0 30 kmh" fires a bullet at a thief car which és speeding away in the same direction with a speed of 190 kmh". If the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150 ms”, find speed of the bullet with respect to the thief car. Sol, Let, vp is velocity of bullet vp is velocity of police van and 1, is velocity of thief’ car. ‘Then, speed of the bullet with respect to the thief's car Vip = U5 —Up Meaty op =180% 2h + abknk = 0a! 380 kab? Ue = Example 3.62 Delhi is at a distance of 200 km from Ambala. Car A set out from Ambala at a speed of 30 kmh" and car B Set out at the same time from Delhi at a speed of 20 kmh”. When they will meet each other? What is the distance of that meeting point from Ambala? Sol Relative velocity, =», = 570 kmh"! ~190 kmh v4 Vg =30~(-20)= 50 kmh" 30 kmh fats They will meet after time ¢ pe ee 50 Distance from Ambala where they will meet x=30x 4=120km : Chapter 03: Motion in one dimension | 115 Example 3.63 Two car travelling towards each other on a straight road at velocity 10 ms“'and 12 ms~' respectively. When they are 150 m apart, both the drivers apply their brakes and each car decelerates at 2 ms~* until it stops. How far apart will they be when both of them come to a halt? Sol, Let x; and x, be the distance travelled by the car before they stop under deceleration. From Illrd equation of motion vt au? +2a5 > 0210? 2x25 => 4 =25m and 16 m 2)? -2x 2x => x ‘Total distance covered by the two cars =x +x; =25+96=61m Distance between the two cars when they stop =150-61=89 m Examples of relative motion 1, Relative velocity of rain Consider a man walking East with velocity v,, represented by OA. Let the rain be falling vertically downwards with velocity v,, represented by OB. To find the relative ‘velocity of rain w.r.t. man (e., Vj, ) being the man at rest by imposing a velocity -v,, on man and apply this velocity on rain also. Now the relative velocity of rain w.r.t. man will be the resultant velocity of v, (= OB) and —v,, (= OA), which will be represented by diagonal OC of rectangle OACB Vin = Vv? + v2 + 2v,V—_ cos 90° =yoreu? AB Fig. 3.16 Relative velocity of rain If is the angle which v,,, makes with the vertical direction, then tan6 = BC = Ym oe Q = tan“ Ym OB, v Here, angle 0 is from vertical towards West and is written as 0, West of vertical. Note in te above problem if the man wants to protect himself from the rain, he should hod his umbrella inthe direction of relative veloc of rain irk man ie, the umbrella shouldbe held making an angle @ trom West orvertca.16) OBJECTIVE PHYSICS Vol. 1 Example 3.64 To a man walking at the rate of 3 km/h the rain appears to fall vertically. When he increases his speed to 6 kmh it appears to meet him at an angle of 45° with vertical. Find the speed of rain. Sol, Let { and j be the unit vectors in horizontal and vertical directions respectively. Vertical (3) Horizontal 7) Let velocity of rain v, =ai + Bj nll) ‘Then speed of rain will be Iv,l= ya? +0? Inthe first case v,, = velocity of man =34 Vin SV, -V = (03) + Ik seems to be in vertical direction. Hence, a-3=0 o a=: Vg = 64 (a6 + bj =-3i+ bj This seems to be at 45° with vertical. Hence, |b|=3 Therefore, from Eq, (i) speed of rain is Iv,|= VO? + 6? =3v2 km/h 2. Crossing the river To cross the river over shortest distance, i.e., to cross the river straight, the man should swim upstream making an angle @ with OB such that, OB gives the direction of resultant velocity (ve) of velocity of swimmer and velocity of river water as shown in figure. Let us consider In the second case 7 ¥, Ave B lta ° o Filg, 3.17 Crossing the river rz (velocity of river water) OA =v,, (velocity of man in still river water) OB = Ving (relative velocity of man wr.t, river) In AOAB, where,® is the angle made by man with shortest distance op tang =Y# = —_YR__ Yon v2 = ve (a) Time taken to cross the river If d be the width of the river, then time taken cross to the river given by (0) To cross the river in possible shortest time The man should go along OA. Now the swimmer will be going along OB, which is the direction of resultant velocity of v,, and vp AM 8 dn) Heme | ° downstream vpstream 0 Fig, 3.18 Cross the river in possible shortest time In AOAB tone = 2 Y2 and pq = v2, +¥4 y, ‘Time of crossing the river, d OB ro Ym Ym yx? +a? ‘The boat will be reading the point B instead of point A. If AB= +2 x , then tan@ = 2-25 x= va 4 me In this case, the man will reach the opposite bank a distance AB downstream. Drift It is defined as the displacement of man in the direction of tiver flow as shown Fig. 3.19 Itis simply the displacement along x-axis. During the period the man crosses the river. (Vyqe cos + vg) is the compone™ of velocity of man in the direction of river flow and this component of velocity is responsible for drift along the rive flow. If drift is x then : X= Wag 6080 + vp) x —4— Vy sin®