Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FRAMEWORK
On 11th May, 2000, India had 1 billion (100 crores) people, i.e., 16 percent
of the world‟s population on 2.4 percent of the globe‟s land area.
30.00
25.00
% Growth/10 yrs
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
-5.001911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
CENS US YEARS
CAUSES OF HIGH POPULATION GROWTH
A large size of population in the reproductive age group (estimated contribution
58 percent).
High desire for fertility due to high infant mortality rate (estimated contribution
20 percent) .
1946- The Bhore Committee reported that control of disease and famine would
cause a serious problem of population growth.
1951- The Draft outline of the First Five Year Plan recognized „ population policy‟
as an „essential to planning‟ and „family planning‟ as a „step towards
improvement in health of mothers and children‟.
1983- The National Health Policy emphasized “securing the small family
norm, through voluntary efforts and moving towards the goal of
population stabilization”
1991- The National Development Council (NDC) appointed a committee
with Shri K Karunakaran as the chairperson.
The Karunakaran report endorsed by the NDC , in 1993 proposed
the formulation of a National Population Policy to take:
“a long term holistic view of development, population growth and
environmental protection”,
“to suggest policies and guidelines”
“ a monitoring mechanism with short, medium and long term goals”
1993 - An expert group headed by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan –asked to prepare draft
of a National Population Policy to be discussed.
In 1976, with India‟s population growing rapidly, the Emergency extended for
another year.
The policy hoped to reduce the nation‟s hardships, established how incentives
would be allocated to those who participate in population management efforts, and
sought to reduce the nation‟s birth rate from 35 to 25 per 1000 by 1984.
The policy also acknowledged that the country‟s population growth concerns could
not wait for increased development and education to result in fertility drop.
The policy called for the Education Ministry to encourage and promote girls‟
education.
The population policy stated that the central government did not wish to legislate
compulsory sterilization
It concentrated resources at one place, more of the health professionals were being
used to reach sterilization goals, rather than other services towards patient welfare.
DEMOGRAPHIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIA BEFORE NPP-2000
Reduced Crude Birth Rate from 40.8 (1951) to 26.4 (1998,SRS);
Halved the Infant Mortality Rate from 146 per 1000 live births (1951) to 72 per
1000 live births (1998, SRS);
Quadrupled the Couple Protection Rate from 10.4 percent (1971) to 44 percent
(1999);
Achieved nearly universal awareness of the need for and methods of family
planning, and ;
Reduced Total Fertility Rate from 6.0 (1951) to 3.3 (1997, SRS)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATIONAL POPULATION
POLICY OF INDIA- 2000
3 Objectives
4 New Structures
12 Strategic Themes
14 National Socio-demographic Goals (2010)
16 Promotional and Motivational Measures
150 Interventions
OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY-
2000
IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE :
to address the unmet needs for contraception,
health care infrastructure and health personnel and
to provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and
child health care.
4. Reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 100 per 1000 live births
6. Promote delayed marriage for girls, at age not less than 18,and preferable
after 20 years.
The 42nd Constitutional amendment: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha seats are
frozen on the basis of 1971 census were valid up to 2001 that is further extended
till 2026.
79th Amendment Bill of 1992 disqualify a person for being a member of either
house of legislature of a state, if he/she has more than 2 children.
FUNDING: National Population Policy expressed that the programme, projects and
schemes promised on the goals and objectives of the policy 2000 will be adequately
funded.
NEW STRUCTURES
The NPP-2000, is to be largely managed at the Panchayat and Nagar Palika levels,
in coordination with concerned State/ UTs.
• Panchayats and Zila Parishads will be rewarded and honoured for exemplary
performance.
• Balilka Samridhi Yojana (Department of Women and Child Development)
provide cash incentive of Rs.500 at the birth of the girl child of birth order 1 or 2.
• Couples below the poverty line will be rewarded for their active involvement in
Family Planning activities.
• Village- level self help groups will be set up.
• Creches and child care centers will be opened in rural and urban slums.
will be encouraged.
Village self help groups to organize and provide basic services for RCH care ,
combined with the on going ICDS scheme.
Where ever these village self help groups have not developed, community
midwives, practitioners of ISM, retired school teachers may be organized to perform
similar functions.
At village level, the Anganwadi centre may become the pivot of basic health care
activities, contraceptive counseling and supply, nutrition education and
supplementation and pre school activities.
Sensitize train and equip rural and urban health centres and hospitals towards
providing geriatric health care
STATE POPULATION POLICIES
Thus a new phenomena of policy formulation at state level has begun which
may reintensify the efforts of Union Government.
In 1997 - land mark in the history of population policy in India, the State
Government of Andhra Pradesh formulated a very well articulated Andhra
Pradesh Population Policy, well before the NPP-2000.
Till date 17 states and UTs have formulated their state population policies.
TABLE: CHRONOLOGY OF THE FORMULATION OF STATE POPULATION POLICIES
MAHARASHTRA POPULATION POLICY
4. To provide special services to tribal area, small size villages ; and urban slum
areas
GOALS DECIDED FOR VARIOUS INDICATORS
6. Strict implementation of existing acts and policies such as child marriage act,
prenatal sex determination act, birth and death registration act.
In the new millennium nations are judged by the well being of their people-
their level of health, education, nutrition, civil and political liberties,
provisions for vulnerable and disadvantaged.
In India, vast majority of the population would become assets, if they are
given means to lead a healthy and economically productive life.
National Health Policy Document, New Delhi, 2000. Govt. of India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012. Planning Commission,Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Agarwal S. Public Health and Community Medicine Related Policies in India. Textbook of Public Health and
Community Medicine, Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune in collaboration with WHO, India office, New
Delhi; 1st edition,2009.
Visaria P, Chari V. India‟s Population Policy and Family Planning Programme: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Do
Population Policies Matter? Fertility and Politics in Egypt, India, Kenya and Mexico; The Population Council, 1998.
www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/CensusDataSummary.html
www.populationcommission.nic.in
Khadija T. A Population Policy Transition: Human Rights and Population Politics in India during Emergency and at
the present moment. Workshop “Population Politics and Reproductive Rights: State Intervention and Fertility
Control.”
Dr. Reddy MR. Integrating Population into Development: Emergence of State Population Policies in India.
NRHM, Health and Population Policies. www.mohfw.nic.in
www.maha-arogya.co.in/policies