Probability tasks - 11.

2 Friday HW

1. a) chips with integers 1-20; multiples of 3?

6 3
6 multiples of 3, so P (A) = 20
= 10
= 0.3 = 30%

5
b) 5 multiples of 4, so the probability of drawing a multiple of 4 is P (B) = 20
= 14 = 25%
3
So the probability of not drawing a multiple of 4 is P (B ′) = 1 − P (B) = 4
= 75%

2. a) P (A′) = 1 − P (A) = 0.63

b) P (A′ ⋃ A) = 0.63 + 0.37 = 1

1
3. a) i) only 1 ace of hearts so​ P (Ai ) = 52
13+1 7
ii) 13 spades in a deck and one ace of hearts so P (Aii ) = 52
= 26
16 4
iii) 13 hearts, 3 additional aces as we already counted ace of hearts so P (Aiii ) = 52 = 13
12 3 10
iv) 12 face cards so P (Aiv ) = 1 − 52 =1− 13 = 13

1
b) i) one is drawn so 51 cards left, so P (B i ) = 51
12 13
ii) the card drawn wasn't a face card so P (B ii ) = 1 − 51
= 17

1
c) i) P (C i ) = 52
12 10
ii) P (C ii ) = 1 − 52
= 13

5. a) we have 12 possible outcomes, 6 for the dice and 2 for the coin, so 2 · 6 = 12
Since the outcome of the coin isn’t mentioned, and there are 3 possible outcomes of
the dice which are larger than 3 (4,5,6) we have P (A) = 3·2
12
= 12
1
b) only one possible outcome out of 12 P (A′) = 12

6. a) 6 possible outcomes, but one is 2x more likely to occur, so any other number, in this
case 5, to occur is P (A) = 17
2+1+1 4
b) odd numbers are 1,3 and 5, but one is 2x more likely to happen so P (A′) = 7
= 7

7. a) i) 6 · 6 = 36 ,
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), ...(1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), ...(2, 6), (3, 1), ...(3, 6), (4, 1), ...(4, 6), (5, 1), ...(5, 6), (6, 1), ...(6, 6)}

6 1
ii) only 6 possible outcomes with the same numbers so P (Aii ) = 36
= 6
 iii) This would be (1,3),(2,4),(3,1),(3,5),(4,2),(4,6),(5,3),(6,4), hence there are 8 possible
8
outcomes, therefore P (Aiii ) = 36 = 29
1 5
iv) P (Aiv ) = 1 − P (Aii ) = 1 − 6
= 6

b) i) P (B i ) = 0
4
ii) only 4 possible outcomes that sum to 9, (4,5),(5,4),(3,6),(6,3), therefore P (B ii ) = 36
= 19
5
iii) only 5 possible outcomes that sum to 8, (2,6),(6,2),(3,5),(5,3),(4,4), therefore P (B iii ) = 36
iv) P (B iv ) = 0

11. a) P (A) = 1 − (0.165 + 0.142 + 0.075 + 0.081 + 0.209 + 0.145) = 0.183

b) P (B) = 1 − (0.165 + 0.145) = 0.69

n!
n C x+1 (x+1)!(n−x−1)! n−x
12. f (x) = nC x
= n! = x+1 <1
x!(n−x)!

n−x<x+1
x > n−1
2

13. a)
n C 2 = 190
n(n−1)
2 = 190
(n − 20)(n + 19) = 0
n = 20 , since it has to be a positive integer

b)
nC 4 = nC 8
n = 4 + 8 = 12

16. a) Select 5 cards from 52, we take 3 kings out of 4. The remaining 2 cards which need to
be drawn can be any of the 48 cards other than the remaining king.

4 C 48 C 2 94
P (A) = = = 0.00174
52 C 5 54145

b) Select 5 cards, 4 hearts from 13 and 1 diamond from 13.

13 C 4 13 C 1 143
P (B) = = = 0.00358
52 C 5 39984
18. a) Select both married couples, all 4 from the group of 4, and then we look at the remaining
11 people from which we need to select 2 people.

4 C 4 11 C 2 55 1
P (A) = = =
15 C 6 5005 91

3 C 3 12 C 3 220 4
b) P (B) = = =
15 C 6 5005 91

20. a) 30 C 6 = 593775

10 C 3 20 C 3 136800 608
b)​ P (B) = = =
30 C 6 593775 2639

c) because 3,4,5 and 6 is at least half so:

10 C 0 20 C 6 10 C 1 20 C 5 10 C 2 20 C 4 38760 + 155040 + 218025 2426

P (C) = 1 − ( + + )=1− =
30 C 6 30 C 6 30 C 6 593775 7917

10 C 4 20 C 2 10 C 5 20 C 1 10 C 6 20 C 0 39900 + 5040 + 210 1045

d) P (D) = 1 − ( + + )=1− =
30 C 6 30 C 6 30 C 6 593775 1131