Note for FYP defence.

There are typically two types of palm nut oils, Crude Palm Oil (CPO), and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). CPO
is obtained from the mesocarp while PKO is obtained from the palm nut kernel

To access the condition of transformer can be

Accesses through

physical properties – Tensile strength

and chemical properties – Degree of polymerization / Low molecular Acid/ Furan analysis.

Moisture

Acid

Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow

High quality transformer oils are formulated to have low viscosity .

Cellulose medium degradation

Pyrolysis, hydrolysis and oxidation

Oxidation accelerates the cellulose degradation, leading weakening the glycosidic bond of polymer
chain, produce water and promotes in both oil and paper to produces acidity. while initiating acid-
catalysed hydrolysis

Hydrolysis refers to cleavage of glycosidic linkages in by consumption of water. The process is

catalysed by acids and leads initially to cleavage of cellulose chains by consumption of water [1].

Pyrolysis is a process of decomposition of cellulose structure due to heat,

As the ageing process of solid insulation is irreversible, it leave the paper’s insulation permanently
damaged, which shorten the life of a transformer

Tensile strength
Degree of polymerization

Transesterification

Low molecular weight

High molecular weight

Summary, The degradation of cellulose breaks the glycosidic bonds and produce glucose. The
glucose and degrade to form water, carbon dioxide and etc. So the water produced internally not
only external.

https://books.google.com.my/books?
id=dtooDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT72&lpg=PT72&dq=how+water+is+produced+when+transformer+degrade
&source=bl&ots=K90knGPT-
q&sig=ACfU3U2uF59gTtGCJ6Snf4o0kcUVjpmWKg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOoe6Lv6HqAhUy83
MBHTrVCOgQ6AEwC3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=how%20water%20is%20produced%20when
%20transformer%20degrade&f=false