By

Dr.Islam M. El-Habbal

2014
1.Soft Story
2. Torsion Failure
3. Failure Due to Direct Shear
Types of Lateral Loads
1. Water Pressure

2. Earth pressure

3. Earthquake Loads

4. Wind Loads
Wind Scenario
Wind Loads
Earthquake Scenario
 Methods of Earthquake Loads
Calculation

Equivalent Static Response Spectrum

Time History
Method Method
Analysis

Accuracy
 Equivalent Static Method
Δ

Earthquake Energy (E) = V.Δ

Response Spectrum Method

F = m.a
Time History Analysis
Base Shear Formula
V = Z.I.K.C.S.W
Z= Zone Factor = 0.10 (Zone #1)
= 0.20 (Zone #2)
= 0.30 (Zone #3)

I= Importance Factor = 1.0 (Ordinary Buildings)

= 1.25 (Special Structures)
= 2.50 (Tanks)

K = Ductility Factor = 1.33 (Shear walls and Core system)

= 0.87 (Non-Ductile Frames)
= 0.67 (Ductile Frames)
= 1.0 (Mixed Systems)
 V = Z.I.K.C.S.W
C = Shape Factor
1
= ≯ 0.12 H
15 × 𝑇𝑇

0.09 𝐻𝐻
T= → 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝐵𝐵

T=0.10 N For Frames Only

S = Soil Factor = 1.3 (For Loose soil)

= 1.15 (For Medium soil) B (For Vy) Vx
= 1.00 (For Hard soil & rock)
W = Total Dead Loads (if Live loads ≤ 5 kN/m2) B (For Vx)
= D.L. + 0.50 L.L. (if Live loads > 5 kN/m2)
Vy
 Wtop
Ft
Ft= 0.07 V . T ≤ 0.25 V

Ft= 0.00 if T ≤ 0.70 sec.

(V-Ft) H

(V-Ft) = 0.50 * Wtop * H

𝑊𝑊 = 𝐷𝐷. 𝐿𝐿. + 𝜓𝜓𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 × 𝐿𝐿. 𝐿𝐿.
 Fi

F10
F9
F8 w8 H
F7
F6
F5
z8 F4
F3
F2
F1