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AI Final Past Paper 2015 PDF
AI Final Past Paper 2015 PDF
Q 1. 10 Marks
a) The inference mechanism which reaches the conclusion by starting with a set of
known facts and deriving new facts using given rules is called
b) The problem with constraints, domains and variables where we have to give
values to variables from domain according to some restrictions is called
e) Inference is the process of deriving new information from the old known
information
a) Complete c) Satisfied
b) Sound d) None of these
Q 2. 10 Marks
Express the following sentences in first order logic, then convert into CNF and
prove through resolution that Maryam is older than Anam.
Answer
1) Mother(Maryam, Anam)
2) Alive(Maryam)
3) Mother(x,y) Parent(x,y)
4) Parent(x,y) Older(x,y)
5) Older(x,y) .. We suppose negation of our conclusion.
8) Parent(Maryam, Anam)
9) Older(Maryam,Anam)
Q3 5 Marks
Convert the Q (P R) into Conjunctive Normal Form.
Answer
Q (P R)
(Q (P R)) ((P R) Q) REMOVE
(Q P R) ( (P R) Q) REMOVE
(Q P R) (P R) Q) DEMORGAN LAW
Q4 7 Marks
Solve the following blocks world problem below using partial order planning; trace
the search from the initial empty plan to a complete solution. Small case letters are
representing the variables
Move(b, x, y):
Precond: On(b, x) ^ Clear(b) ^ Clear(y)
Effect: On(b, y) ^ Clear(x) ^ On(b, x) ^ Clear(y)
MoveToTable(b, x):
Precond: On(b, x) ^ Clear(b)
Effect: On(b, Table) ^ Clear(x) ^ On(b, x)
The initial state is On(B, A) ^ On(A, Table) ^ On(C, Table) ^ Clear(B) ^ Clear(C).
The goal is On(C, B) ^ On(B, Table).
Answer
We will start from open pre-conditions On(B,T) & On(C,B) at A∞ level and take
them one by one respectively. Then we will move from A∞ to A0 using those
actions which satisfies our open pre condition.
A0
On(B,A) On(A,T) On(C,T) Clear(C) Clear(B)
On(C,B) On(B,T)
A∞
Explanation:
Start with open pre condition On(B,T) at A∞ level and use “MoveToTable” action
because its effect is On(B,T). The pre-conditions for this action are available in our
initial state. After this we take second open pre-condition On(C,B) and use
“Move(C,T,B)” action because On(C,B) is the effect of this action. All the pre-
conditions for this action are also available in initial state.
Red arrows show the causal links and green thick arrow shows the plan steps.
Q5 8 Marks
Consider the following planning problem.
An agent is at home and has no food. The goal is to be at home and have food.
Actions available to the agent are:
Buy(Food):
Precond: At(x) ^ Sells(x, Food)
Effect: Have(Food)
Go(x, y):
Precond: At(x)
Effect: : At(x) ^ At(y)
Solve this problem using regression planning; trace the algorithm, explaining each
step.
Answer
Q6 10 Marks
Consider the following graph representing the Australian map. You have to color it
with three colors namely Red (R), Blue (B) and Green (G)
Every region can be assigned one color out of three colors such that neighboring
regions do not have the same color.
WA NT Q NSW V SA T
R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G
a)
Now answer the following questions (Each part is independent of the others).
Let us assume that we assign “Red” color to “WA” variable. What will be the effect
on domains of the remaining variables using “Forward Checking Algorithm”.
Answer
Red color will be removed from the domains of neighboring regions NT & SA. The
updated domains will look like the figure below.
WA NT Q NSW V SA T
R B G R B G R B G R B G B G R B G
b)
WA NT Q NSW V SA T
R B G R B R B G B R B G
Whether the following arcs are consistent? If not then make them consistent.
i) From SA to NSW
ii) From NSW to SA
Answer
i) Arc from SA to NSW is consistent because when we assign ‘B’ to SA there still
remains a legal value ‘R’ to be assigned to NSW. The other neighboring regions to
NSW are Q and V. We have already assigned ‘G’ to Q and the same color can be
assigned to V also because Q and V are not connected.
ii) The arc from NSW to SA, however, is not consistent if we assign ‘B’ to NSW
and then there will be none value left for SA. We can make it consistent by
assigning ‘R’ to NSW and ‘B’ has already been assigned to SA.