VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELGAUM-590014

A Seminar Report On

“SPINTRONICS”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering

Submitted by
NAME
(usn)
Under the guidance of
Ms. Chandanita chatterjee. Dr.RJ Anandhi
Assistant Professor Vice Principal & H.O.D
Department of CSE Department of CSE

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

The Oxford College of Engineering
Bommanahalli, Bangalore-68
2017-2018
 THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bommanahalli,Hosur Road,Bangalore – 560068
(Affiliated To Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the seminar entitled “SPINTRONICS” carried out by NAME
(usn) bonafide student of The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore in partial
fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during
the year 2017-2018. The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Ms. Chandanita Chatterjee Dr. R.J.Anandhi

Assistant Professor H.O.D,Dept. of CSE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success.

It gives us great pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude to our

respected Founder Chairman Late Shri S. Narasa Raju and to the respected Chairman
Shri S.N.V.L Narasimha Raju for having provided us with great infrastructure and well
furnished labs.

I take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude to our respected

Principal Dr. R.V Praveena Gowda for his support.

I am graceful to the VicePrincipal & Head of the Department Dr. R.J. Anandhi
for her unfailing encouragement and suggestion given to us in the course of our seminar
work.

Guidance and deadlines play a very important role in successful completion of

the project on time.I convey my gratitude to Ms Chandanita Chatterjee, Seminar Guide
for having constantly guided and monitored the development of the seminar.

A note of thanks to the Department of Computer Science Engineering, both

teaching and non-teaching staff for their co-operation extended to us.

We thank our parents for their constant support and encouragement. Last, but not
the least, we would like to thank our peers and friends.

NAME
usn
ii

ABSTRACT
 Spintronics is an emergent technology that exploits the quantum propensity of the
electrons to spin as well as making use of their charge state. The spin itself is manifested
as a detectable weak magnetic energy state characterised as ―spin up‖ or ―spin down‖.
Conventional electronic devices rely on the transport of electrical charge carriers –
electrons – in a semiconductor such as silicon. Now, however, device engineers and
physicists are inevitably faced the looming presence of quantum mechanics and are trying
to exploit the spin of the electron rather than its charge. Devices that rely on the electron‘s
spin to perform their functions form the foundations of spintronics (short for spin-based
electronics), also known as magnetoelectronics. Spintronics devices are smaller than 100
nanometre in size, more versatile and more robust than those making up silicon chips and
circuit elements. The potential market is worth hundreds of billions of dollar a year.
Spintronics burst on the scene in 1988 when French and German physicists discovered a
very powerful effect called Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR). It results from subtle
electron-spin effects in ultra thin multilayers of magnetic materials, which cause huge
changes in their electrical resistance when a magnetic field is applied. This resulted in the
first spintronic device in the form of the spin valve. The incorporation of GMR materials
into read heads allowed the storage capacity of a hard disk to increase from one to 20
gigabits. In 1997, IBM launched GMR read heads, into a market worth around a billion
dollars a year. The field of spintronics is relatively young and it is difficult to predict how
it will evolve. New physics is still being discovered and new materials being developed,
such as magnetic semiconductors and exotic oxides that manifest an even more extreme
effect called Colossal Magnetoresistance.
 Table of Contents

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

Table of Contents iii

List of Figures iv

Chapter Page no

1. Introduction 01

2. Basic Principle 02

3. Gaint Magnetoresistance 04

4. Construction of GMR 06

5. Memory Chips 08

6. GMR Sensors 09

7. Spin Valve GMR 10

8. Spintronic Devices 11

9. MRAM 12

10. Spin Transistors 13

11. Spintronic Scanner 16

12. Conclusion 20

Reference

Appendix A
iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

1. Electron spinning 02

2. Magnetic Orientation of electrons. 03

3. A GMR read head 04

4. A GMR Device 07

5. A General Magnetic Field Sensor 08

6. Spintronic Sensor 09

7. Standard Geometry for GMR based Spin Valves 10

8. GMR based Spin Valves for read head In hard drives 11

9. 256 K MRAM 12

10. Spin Transistor 13

11. Spin Polarised Field Effect Transisstor 14