Blank Quiz: Model Exam - Part A

11/4/2020 Blank Quiz
Blank Quiz
Model Exam - Part A
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Imagine that there are no specifications drafted for a construction 5 points
project. List down what are the problems you would face in that case (due
to absence of specifications).
Mentioned below is the importance of speci cation in a construction project

1.It provides clear instructions on the intent, performance and construction of the
project.
2.It can reference the quality and standards which should be applied.
3.Materials and manufacturers’ products can be clearly de ned.
4.The requirements for installation, testing and handover can be identi ed.
5.Classi cation in the speci cation can be used to support handover and running
of the asset.
6.The drawing or model does not need to be overloaded with detailed information,
which can sometimes be di cult to identify.
7.It can be used to support the costing of a project: not only the materials and
products but also the performance and workmanship
8.The speci cation forms part of the contractual documents, along with the
drawings, and therefore can help minimize project risk and provide support should
there be any legal disputes.
9.It supports the interpretation of the client brief and gives the client assurance
that the asset which they commissioned is being delivered.
10.It is not only essential for the construction phase but also used as part of the
soft landing process, subsequent asset management and the lifecycle plan.
11.By being clear and concise and containing all the information, it saves the
project team, the client and the contractor time and money by providing answers to
many of the on-site construction questions.
12.The speci cation should be used by all the project team throughout the
construction phase; it should be a living document and not stop being used at the
design phase.
13.The speci cation and any variations or value engineering can also be used for
the project audit trail and should form part of the handover documents. It will then
form the basis for the running of the asset by the asset management team
Hence the construction of the project in a way depends on speci cation as it gives
one a clear understanding as to with the methods of execution, quantities of
materials, nature of labor to be employed, proportion in which materials are to be
mixed, measurements of work done. So if speci cations are not drafted the the
nal product of the project would not be as desired by the client. Speci cation also
serve as an important contract document. It serves as a guide to the contractor to
manage the supervising staff during a execution therefore if speci cations are not
provided then it may take a lot of time to complete a project. The speci cations
describe and limit the responsibilities of the owner and contractor. If the
speci cation is not provided then there will be no limit and disputes might occur.
What are the 3 classifications of Specification? Assume that you are the 5 points
Architect for a fast-track project where you have less time and facilities
for frequent testing of materials. The client is also keen on getting well
negotiated price for materials. What kind of specification you would adopt
in these conditions? and why?
Classi cation of speci cation:

1.Open speci cation
2. Restricted speci cation
3. Closed speci cation
1. Open speci cation

It gives the physical and chemical properties of the materials, the tests it must
comply. It is used for public works and lays down minimum standards which can
easily be ful lled by several manufacturers.
Advantages:
a) Suitable for basic materials- cement, steel, sand, etc.
b) Provide an atmosphere for a true competitive market- Result into a lower cost.
Disadvantages:
a) Checking and Testing may prove to be time consuming.
b) It may result into losing a rm control over the quality of the products.
c) It effects on the design of the architect.
d) Those speci cations are lengthy in nature and hence architect to spend his
valuable time in framing the same
2. Restricted speci cation
The material is described the choice of the contractor is limited to two or more
manufacturers or distributors. It promotes competition among the manufacturers
to get their product included in the approved list and maintain quality at reasonable
price.
3. Closed speci cation
The material or product is designated by a trade name mentioning catalogue
number, manufacturer and sometimes a particular distributor. It results in avoiding
the competition and increasing the cost. The material chosen has stood the best of
time and has proved the adoptability in respect of quality and price both.
Advantages:
a) Architect can complete the drawing before the tenders are invited.
b) Owner has a choice of the material he prefers and enjoy the special features of
a particular product.
In the question above the best type of speci cation would be Restricted
speci cation as the material choice is limited to two or more manufacturers or
distributers so the manufacturers try to get their product included in the approval
list and so there is quality control and the product could be bought at a lesser to
reasonable price and time is also saved.
Assume you have got an Industrial project to design a production facility. 5 points
What are the Sources you would rely on as inputs, to write the
specifications for the project?
The main source of information from which the information regarding the
speci cation of industrial project are:
1 Contract drawings: The draft drawings prepared in the initial stage of the project
contain useful details which are of considerable assistance to the writer of the
speci cations.
2 Previous speci cations: In majority of cases, the speci cations of the executed
jobs or jobs under execution can be used as basis for the preparation of new
speci cations of similar job. This procedure expedites the work. However, care
should be taken to avoid unnecessary details for the new project and to include
information for additional features of the new work.
3 Requirements of owner: If the owner desires to incorporate certain requirements
in connection with the job, the same should be suitably included in the
speci cations of the work.
4 Site investigations: It is desirable that the speci cations include the fullest
information for the existing site conditions such as extent of site clearance work,
soil conditions, etc. The contractor is thus kept away from making unnecessary
allowance for uncertain factors.
5 Standard speci cations: The reference can be made to the relevant standard
speci cation and thus, it permits a considerable reduction in the length of
speci cation clauses. It also helps the contractor in easy understanding of the
speci cation requirements.
6 Trade catalogues: For speci cations of the proprietary commodities, the
reference can be made to the catalogues supplied by the manufacturer of that
item. However, if an article is produced to a number of different patterns, it is
necessary to quote the correct catalogue reference.
What are the differences between 1st class brick work and 2nd class 5 points
brickwork? How do you ensure that mortar used for the masonry attains
the required strength by complete hydration of cement?
First class brick work

These types of bricks are used for high quality work. The bricks are quite
expensive. To form these types of bricks, good quality materials ranging from clay,
silica etc. should be utilized. All the colors like red, brown, cheery etc. should be
used uniformly on the rst class bricks. The shapes of rst class bricks in regular
in edges, face, top, bottom. The shape should be according to standard brick size
like 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm with adherence to BIS. The corners should be
sharp, there should be no pores or cracks on the bricks. The water absorption
capacity for the rst class bricks should be under 20%.The crushing strength of
rst class bricks should have been 105 Kg/cim2.
Second Class brick work

The types of brick are mainly used in constructing internal walls. The qualities of
these bricks are little less as compared to rst class bricks. These are slightly over
burned. The sizes and shapes are quite different as rst class bricks. The edges
and corner of these bricks are slightly broken. Water absorption capacity of second
class bricks will not surpass 22%. Compressive or crushing strength of second
class bricks should remain at 70 kg/cm2 otherwise the bricks will be cracked.
The test for compressive strength is generally carried out by crushing cubes of
hardened cement-sand mortar in a compression machine. The compressive
strength of the cubes is determined by the highest stress applied to a cube
specimen that causes it to fracture. The test equipment required for this purpose
includes a compression machine, a mortar mixer, suitable molds, a humidity
cabinet, the cement itself and test sand. The tensile strength of cement is relatively
low when compared to its compressive strength. Concrete structures are
vulnerable to tensile cracking due to a variety of effects including dynamic loading
and temperature variation. Tensile strength tests can be carried out to gain an
understanding of the cohesion between the cement particles.
Imagine that Concrete has to be poured for the 2nd floor roof slab. List 5 points
down what are the critical aspects to be taken care with concreting and
what are the relevant points in specification, through which would you
ensure the same?
The critical aspects to be taken care with concreting are:

1. Shuttering Stability
2. Releasing Agents
3. Sealing
4. Placing Reinforcement
5. Reinforcement Cover
6. Reinforcement Support
7. Material Supply
8. Embeds in Concrete
10. Mixing location
11. Joints in Concrete
12. Proper Curing
13. Placing wet bags over concrete
14. Providing of curing compounds like Admixtures.
Speci cation of the RCC concrete

1.Proportion: The proportion of cement concrete shall be (1:2:4) one part of
cement, two parts of sand and four parts of aggregates by volume.
2.Cement: The cement to be used in this work shall comply with the standard
requirements.
3.Fine Aggregate: The sand to be used shall be clean and coarse shall be free from
any organic or vegetable matter. The sand shall be washed if there is any trace of
earth in it.
4.Coarse Aggregate: The coarse aggregate shall consist of 67% of black trap metal
varying in size from 20mm to 40mm and 33% of black trap metal (known as grit)
varying in size from 20mm to 6mm. The coarse aggregate shall be clean free from
impurities such as earth, coal dust and organic materials.
5.Water: The water to be used in concrete work shall be clean and fresh.
6.Reinforcement: Reinforcement bars shall comply with the standard requirements
speci ed by the engineer and care should be taken while packing concrete around
them.
7.Centering: The centering for the concrete work shall be su ciently strong and
rigid and in good condition so as to get a smooth nish. The material for formwork
shall be timber or steel plates or plywood planks or any other material as approved
by the Engineer. The props shall be of timber bullies and the spacing of it shall be
not less than 120cm center to center. The bullies shall be supported at the base by
40mm thick wooden plate of area not less than 0.10 sq.m. Necessary wedges to
b id d b f d d i th ti f t Th t f
be provided before and during the casting of concrete. The arrangement of
formwork shall be in such that it can be removed in parts without damaging the
adjoining forms. The surface of the formwork shall be oiled before placing of
concrete.
8.Mixing: The mixing of concrete shall be done in a mechanical mixer or by hand
operations depending on the quantity of the concrete. The mixing drum shall be
turned for 1.5 minutes after all the ingredients are added and the drum shall be
completely emptied every time. The concrete from the drum shall be placed in a
water-tight platform.
9.Laying and Curing: Before starting laying of concrete in position, the centering
shall be well-watered. The concrete shall be laid in forms and tapped in such a way
that no honeycomb surface appears on removal of the forms. All edges and
corners of the concrete surface shall remain unbroken, sharp and straight in line.
The cement concrete shall be kept well-watered for at least 20 days.
10.Finishing of Exposed surfaces: All exposed surfaces of the concrete shall be
nished with 12mm thick cement plaster of sago nish and three coats of white or
color wash shall be applied on these exposed surfaces of concrete.
Assume that your design requires Ceramic tiles to be laid on a certain 5 points
pattern with the joints to be done with 4mm spacing which to be filled
with specific coloured grout. What are the aspects you will take care while
writing the specification for the same.
Speci cation for tiling

1.Tiles: The tile material for Glazed/Non-glazed Vitri ed Porcelain(Granite
Viglacera-Vietnam, Portobello- Brazil or equivalent make) /Glazed/Non-glazed
Ceramic tiles (Somany, Kajaria or equivalent make), shall con rm to IS:777
(respective IS standards) or Equivalent approved by the Engineer. The tiles shall be
of approved color, size and shape or as shown in the drawings and shall be laid to
the pattern approved by the Engineer. The tiles shall be of uniform color, true to size
and shape and free from cracks, twists, uneven edges, crazing and other defects.
The size and thickness of the tiles shall be as speci ed. The contractor shall
submit samples of tile for selection and approval by the Engineer In-charge and all
tiles delivered to the site shall conform to the approved samples with regard to
size, quality, texture and color.
2.Mixing: Mixing shall be done as per speci cation for mortar mixing of brick
masonry work
3.Preparation of Surface and installation: Wall surfaces shall be brushed cleaned
and wetted. Prior to installing any tile, the Contractor shall inspect surface and
conditions in areas to receive tile work and shall notify the Engineer of any serious
defects or conditions that will interfere with or prevent a satisfactory tile
installation and shall coordinate with other traders of work.
Approximately 12 mm thick level and plumb, scratch coat of cement mortar 1:4 or
as speci ed by site engineer shall be applied. The scratch coat shall be moist
cured for at least 24 hours before application of oating coat.
Before applying oating coat the scratch coat shall be thoroughly wetted. The
oating coat, plastic mix of neat cement of approximately 3 mm thickness shall be
applied even with screeds to true plane. Floating coat shall be applied over areas
no larger than can be covered with tile while the mortar is still plastic (half set).
Glazed tile shall be soaked, completely immersed in clean water at least 30
minutes and drained. Individual tile that exhibits drying along edges shall be
allowed to remain on the backs of tile at the time of setting.
Tiles shall be installed by applying a skin coat of a plastic mix of neat cement to
backs of tile and rmly pressing tile into the oating coat to true plane and
position. White cement shall be used for the skin coat where white joints are
required.
During the process of setting tiles, continuous horizontal and vertical cuts every
40cm to 60 cm shall be made through the oating coat while plastic, using the
point of a trowel turned edge wise, Care shall be taken to prevent cutting into the
scratch coat.
Wh f ll i til t b l id it h ll b t( )t i d i d d
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Where full size tile cannot be laid, it shall be cut (sawn) to required size and edges
rubbed smooth to ensure a true and straight joint.
All tile work nishing shall be adequately protected from damage during the
progress of construction and any damage shall be repaired to the satisfaction of
the Engineer at the Contractor's expense.
Joints in Tile Work: Joints in tile work shall be accurately aligned with horizontal
joints level and vertical joints plumb. Joints shall be maintained uniformly wide by
aligning spacer lugs on tile edges if tiles are so manufactured or by use of wetted
strings.
4.Tile Layout: Tiles shall be laid out in such a way that no tile less than half size
occurs. Where tile must be cut at edges or penetrated the cut edges shall be
carefully led and neatly ground. Chipped, cracked or broken tile shall not be used
and all defective work shall be replaced and repaired to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the Contractor's expense.
5.Grouting the Tile Joints: After tiles have been set rm and strings removed, the
tiles shall be dampened and joints grouted full with a plastic mix of neat cement by
trowel, brush or nger application. Unless otherwise directed, grout shall be white
cement. During grouting all excess grout shall be cleaned off the tile surface with
damp cloth sponges.
The nished oor surface shall be true to required levels. All tile work nishing shall
be adequately protected from damage during the progress of construction till
completion and any damage shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer at
the Contractor's expense.
Upon completion prior to nal inspection and acceptance, the Contractor shall
clean all tile work. Acids or agents liable to damage the work shall be avoided. If
tile surface show mass scratches, crack or other imperfections, which cannot be
removed by cleaning; the Contractor shall remove the defective material and
replace with new material at no additional expense. Sample of workmanship and
tile grout proposed (silicone) shall be approved prior to execution of work.
6.Measurement : The measurement shall be in square meters of the work done
including the setting mortar. The rate shall be for the material and labor, all
complete.
A client who owns a 6 grounds plot in the centre of the city has 5 points
approached you with few options in mind. He is still thinking about
constructing a nursing home or compact supermarket or co-working
space. What kind of estimate would you do to help the client to make his
decision? Mention the exact method of estimation and explain why it is
relevant in this case.
In such case the Preliminary/ Approximate method is used because of the

following reasons
A preliminary estimate is the approximate cost of the project that is calculated at
the conceptual stage of the project. When the project drawings and speci cations
are not available, that is when a preliminary estimate is prepared. Still, it helps the
client/contractor to make the initial budget and cost control plan.
The preliminary cost estimate of buildings is based on areas and length
measurements of various elements of the structure. Moreover, the total square
footage of the plot is also considered to get the approximate cost for building the
house, plaza, or multi-story building. Most of the clients require the preliminary
budget estimate from contractors and It helps to get a rough idea about the total
expenses for the completion of the project. So we can say that it is based on:
Total square footage of building
Linear Measurements (walls etc.)
Area Measurements (Rooms, Floors, etc)
Hence Preliminary/Approximate method should be used in this given case.
Assume that you have designed a huge government building. The 5 points
construction has been stopped after 40% of the works got completed.
After the election the new government wants to resume the project. But
they want to add new facilities to the building. What kind of estimate
would you prepare at this stage? What are the aspects you have to take
into consideration while doing it?
In such cases the kind of estimate that is prepared at this stage is know as the
Supplementary and the Revised estimate.
When a work is partially abandoned and the estimated cost of the remaining work
is less than 95 per cent of the original work, that is less than 95 per cent of the
original sanctioned estimate, or when there are material deviations and changes in
the design which may cause substantial saving in the estimate, then the amount of
the original estimate is revised by the competent authority. A supplementary and
Revised Estimate is then prepared and fresh Technical sanction of the competent
authority is obtained, if at any time either before or during the execution of original
work, it is found that the original estimate is excessive, then Divisional o cer may
sanction a revised estimate of reduced amount, While giving such sanction the
Accountant General and other higher authorities are informed.
Hence Supplementary and revised estimate is required due to some new works or
due to change of design, so additions or revisions of drawings may be necessary.
Assume that you are going to prepare BOQ for the residence that you 5 points
have designed. List down the steps that are involved in preparing the
detailed BOQ.
Bill of Quantities also referred to as BOQ, is a document formulated in the

construction industry to specify materials, labors, and their cost.
A Bill of Quantities (BOQ) lists the total materials required to complete the
architect's design for a construction project, such as a residence or other structure.
The BOQ enables to get quotes for the project that are as accurate as possible.
BOQ are generally prepared in spreadsheets.
Primarily there are two types of BOQs
1.Bill of Materials
2.Bill of Labor
For the preparation of BOQ, 5 main components are to be considered which are as
follows:
1.Item Description
2.Unit
3.Quantity
4.Rate per unit
5.Total Amount
Given below are the steps that are to be followed while preparing a BOQ
Step-1 : Include columns for the item numbers, description, unit of measurement,
quantity, rate for the item, labor, and total cost for the item.
Step-2 : Prepare the list of materials that are needed to complete the (Residence)
project designed by the Architect. For example, for a residence the need will be
bricks, concrete, ooring materials, wiring, lighting xtures, framing materials,
sheetrock, and kitchen & bathroom xtures. Identify the unit of measurement for
each of your materials. This may be a standard unit.
Step-3 : Break down the project into speci c sections or categories. Since different
parts of your project will likely be handled by different contractors or
subcontractors, splitting up the list of materials into sections will help the
contractor or subcontractor to know exactly what their costs will be for the project.
For a residence some different parts might include framing, plumbing, electrical,
kitchen, bath and ooring. Some materials may fall under more than one part like
framing and ooring, they may both need to use the same nails. This means the
need to divide the overall number of nails that has been estimated between the
two.
Step-4 : Estimate the labor required to complete each part. Based on the amount of
work to be done, determine the number of man-hours it will take to nish. This
should be a conservative estimate since some workers are more e cient than
others. A quantity surveyor would usually be able to estimate this as they have
good experience.
St 5 M k i iti l t ti t b d th hit t' d i Th
Step-5 : Make an initial cost estimate based on the architect's design. The average
prices for the materials and labor in the residence area.
Step-6 : Drafting a Schedule based on the estimates in the BOQ. Once the labor is
estimated, it's possible to determine how long it will take to complete the residence
project.
For example, if it is estimated that it will take 1,000 man-hours to build the
residence, assuming the contractors work 40 hours a week and there are no delays,
it would take them 25 weeks to complete the residence. However, to allow for
delays, it is better off planning for it to take 30 to 40 weeks.
What is Rate analysis? Why is that important? Explain how do you do that. 5 points
The process of determining rate of any work in Civil Engineering project like
earthwork, concrete work, brickwork, plastering, painting etc. is known as Analysis
of Rates or simply Rate Analysis.
In other words Rate Analysis can be de ned as the analytical study (qualitative and
quantitative) that leads to the de nition of a new unit rate referring to a given job or
work type, by identifying its basic elements.
The importance of Rate analysis are written down as the following
1. To determine the actual cost per unit of the items.
2. To work out the economical use of materials and processes in completing the
particulars item.
3. To work out the economical use of materials and processes in completing the
particulars item.
4. To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in the cost of material and labor
or due to change in technique.
The data required for the analysis of rates are mentioned down as the following
1. Details of all operations involved in carrying out the work
2. The quantities of materials and their costs
3. The number of different categories of laborer's required, their working capacity
and daily wages.
The rates of the item depend on the following factors
1.Speci cations of works and material, their quality, proportion and method of
constructional operation.
2.Quantity of materials and their costs.
3.Cost of labors and their wages.
4.Location of site of work and the distances from source and conveyance charges.
5.Overhead and establishment charges
6.Pro t and miscellaneous expenses of the contractor
The following steps are to be followed while doing rate analysis
Step -1 : Make a table with columns saying Particular, Quantity, Rate and Cost
Step - 2: Fill in the columns by mentioning all the particulars with their quantity.
Under the rate column calculate the price of the item/material per unit rate
Step -3 : Calculate the sub total under each topic/particular section and then at the
last row of the table mention the grand total
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11/4/2020 Blank Quiz

Imagine that there are no specifications drafted for a construction 5 points

Mentioned below is the importance of speci cation in a construction project

Classi cation of speci cation:

1. Open speci cation

First class brick work

Second Class brick work

The critical aspects to be taken care with concreting are:

Speci cation of the RCC concrete

Speci cation for tiling

In such case the Preliminary/ Approximate method is used because of the

Bill of Quantities also referred to as BOQ, is a document formulated in the

Never submit passwords through Google Forms.

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