EXPERIMENT No.

(2)

PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION

Objectives

The objective of this experiment is to simulate sampling circuit to:

a. Study the sampling theory and design the circuit of sampling and
reconstruction.

b. Study the different cases of sampling. Nyquist, Over and Under

Sampling.

Procedures

1- Draw the Circuit of sampling as shown in figure (1) Using LabView

Communication program.

Figure (1)

The circuit of Figure 1 may be implemented on LabView Communication

program with the following steps.

a. In Search bar you can write: Wave Generator, Multiply and PSD.
b. From Wave Generator you can select type of wave (sine wave and
square wave), and from Help bar we can know the function of each bin
as shown in figure (2).

Figure 2

C. From each block extracted in step b, choose indictor to display the

output of each one as in figure (3) for sine wave.

Figure (3)

d. Set the amplitude of the sine wave block to 5 volt, frequency to 20 Hz,
and For the square wave block let the amplitude is 5 volt, frequency 100
Hz and offset is 5 volt.

e. Let the sample rate for both sine and square waves the same and is
equal to 10000.

Create the circuit diagram of the sampling system shown in figure (4)
f.
on LabView communication Program.
 Figure (4)

g- Draw the modulating signal waveform.

h- Draw the spectrum of modulating signal.

i- Draw the sampling signal waveform.

j- Draw the spectrum of sampling signal

k- Draw the PAM signal waveform.

l- Draw the spectrum of PAM signal

m- Vary the frequency of sine wave to be 50 Hz (half value of square

wave frequency) and then make it equal to 80 Hz and run the program
again. Draw the waveform and the spectrum of PAM signal for each
case. Comment on your results.
At fm = 50 Hz
At fm = 80 Hz

Comment:

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2. To reconstruct the original signal, we simply pass the sampled signal
through LPF as shown in figure (5).

Figure (5)

On Lab View Communication Program, you can construct the LPF and
connect it with the circuit shown in figure (4) above and record the
results.

a. In search bar you can write filter and select Low Pass Filter
Butterworth type (Figure 6). Set the cutoff frequency to 30Hz and the
filter order is 5.

Figure (6)

b. The reconstruct circuit is shown in figure (7).

Figure (7)
c. Run the program and record the results for the three cases of
sampling frequency.

At fm = 30 Hz (Over-Sampling):
d. Draw the filter output.

e. Draw the spectrum of filter output.

At fm = 50 Hz (Nyquist rate):
f. Draw the filter output.

g. Draw the spectrum of filter output.

At fm = 30 Hz (Under-Sampling):

h. Draw the filter output.

i. Draw the spectrum of filter output.

Comment

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