NAMA : Aris Handoko

NIM : 2019051003

PRODI : TIN

1. Although the tremendous scientific re- search effort is focusing mainly

on the use of antiviral drugs, certain drug repurposing, and vaccine pro
duction for the treatment of COVID- 19 patients, there is no specific cu
re or vaccine for treatment up till now.(Haggag et al., 2020) JURNAL

2. China historically has a high national epidemic occurrence frequency, so

metimes as much as 25% per annum during the 770 B.C. to 1911 A.D.(Luo et
al., 2020) JURNAL

3. Various therapeutic strategies in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia ai

m to alleviate the end-result of this infection.(Dr Adylle Varon et al.,
2020) ARTIKEL

4. Fever (Jwara) is well understood in Ayurveda and it occupies the first c

hapter in treatment (chikitsa) in two of the canonical texts of Ayurveda,
namely Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hrdayam.(Girija & Sivan, 2020) ARTI
KEL

5. Historically, the use of natural products was known to be the only treat
ment method against many infections and diseases.(Alyami et al., 2020) A
RTIKEL

6. The drug action mechanisms of TCM are basically both similar and differe
nt from the conventional medicine.(L. Liu, 2020) BOOKCAPTER
7. Echinacea species are native to North America and have been used by indi
genous peoples for a range of illnesses.(Aucoin et al., 2020) ARTIKEL

8. Botanical description: It is a graceful aquatic herb which lives in the

marshes, ponds,rivers, and lakes of Asia.(Liliids, 2021) BOOKCAPTER

9. As briefly mentioned earlier, many studies have focused on repurposing e

stablished antiviral therapies, especially those that showed prior effic
acy against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.(Lythgoe & Middleton, 2020) ARTIKEL

10. Second, more evidence is required through controlled clinical trials to

support the efficacy of these herbal drugs. (Yang, 2020) CORESPONDENCE

11. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a kind ofmetabolic disease, and its preva- len
ce has steadily increased worldwide in the last three decades.(Taylor-Sw
anson et al., 2020) BOOKCAPTER

12. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute res
piratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic threa
tening global public health.(C. Liu et al., 2020) ARTIKEL

13. The outbreak ofCOVID-19 has quickly developed to a pandemic,bringing a s

evere challenge to global health.(He et al., 2020) JURNAL

14. The African Union, the African Centre for Disease Control and Preventio
n (Africa CDC),(Makoni, 2020) BOOKCAPTER

15. COVID-19 shares 79.5% of its genome sequence. There have been many other
smaller studies published as well. (Fields, 2020) ARTIKEL
 16. Astragali Radix (Huang Qi) 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai
Zhu) 15 g, Poria Sclerotium (Fu Ling) 15 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fang
Feng) 10 g, Perillae Folium (Su Ye).(Ang et al., 2020) JURNAL

17. Dr. Bruce Reid in his Principles of Botany wrote: “Genes determine wha
t an organism can do, the environment determines which of the things tha
t an organism can do the organism will do. (Nicoletti, 2020)

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Alyami, H. S., Orabi, M. A. A., Aldhabbah, F. M., Alturki, H. N., Aburas, W.

I., Alfayez, A. I., Alharbi, A. S., Almasuood, R. A., & Alsuhaibani, N. A.
(2020). Knowledge about COVID-19 and beliefs about and use of herbal produ
cts during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.0
8.023

Ang, L., Lee, H. W., Kim, A., & Lee, M. S. (2020). Herbal medicine for the man
agement of COVID-19 during the medical observation period: a review of gui
delines. Integrative Medicine Research, 9(3), 100465. https://doi.org/10.1
016/j.imr.2020.100465

Aucoin, M., Cooley, K., Saunders, P. R., Carè, J., Anheyer, D., Medina, D. N.,
Cardozo, V., Remy, D., Hannan, N., & Garber, A. (2020). The effect of Ech
inacea spp. on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other respirato
ry tract infections in humans: A rapid review. Advances in Integrative Med
icine, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.004

Dr Adylle Varon, L., Varon, D. S., & Varon, J. (2020). Traditional chinese med
icine and COVID-19: should emergency practitioners use it? The American Jo
urnal of Emergency Medicine, 323, 6–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.202
0.06.076

Fields, J. M. (2020). Dangers of scientific bias against herbal drugs for coro
navirus disease 2019. Journal of Integrative Medicine, xxxx. https://doi.o
 rg/10.1016/j.joim.2020.09.005

Girija, P. L. T., & Sivan, N. (2020). Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19/SARS-Co

V-2: A case report. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, xxxx, 2
–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.001

Haggag, Y. A., El-Ashmawy, N. E., & Okasha, K. M. (2020). Is hesperidin essent

ial for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 Infection? Medical Hypothese
s, 144(May), 109957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109957

He, T., Qu, R., Qin, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Shao, X., & Lu, T. (2020). Pote
ntial mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatme
nt of COVID-19 related renal injury. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(9),
1138–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.002

Liliids, S. (2021). Antiparasitic Asian medicinal plants in the Clade Monocots

(Issue 1835). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816811-0.00003-2

Liu, C., Wu, C., Zheng, X., Zeng, F., Liu, J., Wang, P., Zeng, F., Yuan, L.,
Zhu, F., Gan, X., & Huang, Y. (2020). Clinical features and multidisciplin
ary treatment outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of three cases. Jour
nal of the Formosan Medical Association, xxxx, 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1
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Liu, L. (2020). Traditional Chinese medicine contributes to the treatment of C

OVID-19 patients. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12(2), 95–96. https://doi.org
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Luo, L., Jiang, J., Wang, C., Fitzgerald, M., Hu, W., Zhou, Y., Zhang, H., & C
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ID-19. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 10(7), 1192–1204. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007

Lythgoe, M. P., & Middleton, P. (2020). Ongoing Clinical Trials for the Manag
ement of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 41(6),
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Makoni, M. (2020). COVID-19 in Africa: half a year later. The Lancet. Infectio
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Taylor-Swanson, L., Rubin, L. H., Taromina, K., Mitchell, C., & Conboy, L. (20
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Yang, Y. (2020). Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution.
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