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Good morning everyone, so the next topic for today is world destruction as an issue in the
economic development. So as per definition, it is an occurrence causing widespread distress or
destruction. The termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be
repaired or no longer exists.

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Examples of global Problems leading to destruction, first is the global environmental crisis.
Unexpected worsening of the environment, this occurs when changes to the environment of a
species or population destabilize its continued survival. Some of the types of important causes
of degradation contribute to potential collapse of planetary ecosystem is by

global warming- the long term warming of the temperature caused by the human activity
primarily the burning of fossil fuels resulting to greenhouse effect. This allows the penetration of
sun’s ray to the atmosphere without anyway of escaping back to the space.

Destruction of rainforest- rainforest is just approximately 6 percent of the surface of the earth
however this place contains almost half the world’s resources, animals and plants. (it is called
rainforest because of the high amount of rainfall it gets per year.)
over-exploitation of fish stocks and loss of natural habitat and other major
disturbances that sustain life.

Some of the Main environmental threats

The depletion of the global resource base and the impact of global warming… so
usually the causes of these threats to happen is sometimes due to deforestation,
mining for fossil fuels and burning them and mining minerals and oils, pollution or
contamination of resources, unnecessary/excessive use of resources and lastly
technological and industrial development. The tendency is that there could be a
permanent loss of renewable resources from over-extraction of some of our
environmental resources.

Technological and industrial development extracts raw materials from the

environment to produce highly developed technologies and in order to do that, non-
renewable resources like fossil fuels, minerals, metals, and basic aggregates are
extracted from the natural environment to produce energy, machinery, consumer
products.

A huge expansion of waste and pollution arising from both production and
consumption. Waste is produced through the extraction of raw materials in the production
and consumption of goods and services; our production and consumption lead to large
quantities of waste. This leads to spoiling the environment especially with the presence of solid
waste mismanagement. This may lead to serious negative environmental impacts like infectious
diseases, land and water pollution, obstruction of drains and loss of biodiversity. The most
crucial thing about this are those that are living in the landfill areas posing serious health risk to
the people working there.
Over-population (particularly in urban areas) putting increased pressure on scarce land and
other resources. With this finite resources the innate instinct of human will always be survival.
The rapid increase of human population is putting extraordinary pressure on our natural
resources available like land, water, ecosystem services etc.

Species extinction leading to a loss of bio-diversity. Scientists predict that at least a third and as
much as two-thirds of the world's species could be on their way to extinction by the end of this
century, mostly because people are destroying tropical forests and other habitats, over-fishing
the oceans and changing the global climate. The important keypoint here is that, Humans
depend on healthy ecosystems to purify our environment. Healthy ecosystems depend on plant
and animal species as their foundations.

Harming of forests, lakes, and their ecosystems by acid rain. The ecological effects of acid rain
are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can
be harmful to fish and other wildlife. Also damage forests, especially those at higher elevations.
The acid rob the soil of essential nutrients such as calcium and cause aluminum to be released in
the soil, which makes it hard for trees to take up water and hinders the provisioning service of
trees that may have market prices.

In totality, the environments provided us with resources mostly free of charge, however due to
continuously accelerated and unabated environmental degradation in the country, it brought
danger for people’s health and livelihoods, the survival of species, and ecosystem services that
are the foundation for long-term economic development. Economic development and poverty
reduction efforts are increasingly constrained by environmental concerns, including degradation
of forests and fisheries, lack of fresh water resources, and poor human health as a result of air
and water pollution, which is a great loss to our natural capital.

Global militarism and wars (belief or desire of a government or people that a country should
maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or
promote national interests) the use of military power to gain control or access to territory or
other economic resources. Destruction of communities and families often disrupts the
development of the social and economic fabric of nations. The effects of war include long-term
physical and psychological harm to children and adults, as well as reduction in material and
human capital.

Lost GDP unless war takes place in another country –wars are destructive to both human lives
and physical things. By decreasing labor and total factor productivity through the loss of current
physical and human resources and by reducing investment in new physical and human capital,
war will lower GDP per capita.

Damage to buildings infrastructure- generates direct losses due to the cost of repairs to these
components. The ensuing economic losses and costs of recovery take a heavy toll on the ability
of low and middle-income countries to invest in achieving the sustainable development goals
including poverty reduction, health and education.
Creates unemployment- it is somehow related sa damage to building infrastructure, because
infrastructures are internal facilities of a country making the business activity possible, so when
managers decided to close its business production employment ends and that is how cases of
unemployment increase.

Rise in national debt or higher taxes in the future/Inflations- due to the wars that destructed
physical things and human lives there will always be a demand for reparation payments, the
struggle to do so could either result to borrowing for the money, ALSO BORROWING MONEY
DON’T ONLY HAPPEN AT THE POST WAR, BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT SHOWS PATRIOTIC
SUPPORTS TO THE MILITARY FOR THE WAR EFFORT in terms of personnel or materials. Other
than that option, a country could either print more money until they meet the cost of war, pay
their military salary and for the rebuilding processes which results to inflation because the value
of the money will soon decline.

Opportunity cost- what the military spend on military expenses could’ve been spent on building
hospitals and schools. So the thought of opportunity cost is the loss of potential gain. An
example from marawi siege is that, a lot of families lost their homes and their source of income
like sari sari store and other businesses infrastructure disrupted by the war that led to reduce
livelihood opportunity to feed their families and sustain their daily needs.

On a larger scale, it was estimated the total damages and losses from the siege to be about
$348 million from the property damage, while at least $1.5 billion is needed to
rehabilitate Marawi in which resource could’ve been invested for the development of the city
like its facilities, constructive projects, or even produce jobs.

Psychological cost- it is harder to estimate the psychological costs of war – the pain of death,
suffering, fear and disability. A conflict can leave soldiers and civilians traumatised for the
rest of their lives. Some may suffer from depression, homelessness, or suicidal ideation In
recent years, post-traumatic stress syndrome or ptsd is more widely accepted, but it puts a
cost on how war negatively affects those involved. Psychological cost of civilians and most
especially the soldier may allocate too much budget on health care system.

Innovation or new technology- in order to be long standing government invest in new

technology, for example development of radar/jet engine. Or in terms of medicine, like
surgical innovations to learn techniques, to help surgeons learn new techniques, understand
and adapt to new technologies, maintain surgical competencies. A new strategic form.

Spread of nuclear and hi-tech weapons; wars and threat of wars in many places. The danger
when nuclear weapons are being spread is the possibility and the risk of it being used.
Example north korea, just a part of east asia country but has dozens of weapons kaya
nagkakaroon ng threats in different places. Denuclearizing korea is their long term goals.

Close to one trillion U.S. dollars per year and immense human resources wasted world-wide.
The destruction of bldgs. Is also a part of human resources since human resource talks
about the knowledge, skills and creativity of a person. So a lot of materials damage except
for natural resources are a product of human resources because they were architected,
engineered, designed, modified in ways they were before they were destructed.
Knowledge, skills, creativity

World-wide sales of "conventional weapons" breeding conflicts, terrorism, dictatorships, and

wars.  Arm sales of conventional weapons and other military support in u.s. sold more than
197 billion dollars to different country. However it was a risky business and they were
involved in deadly conflicts already. This made them create policy like reducing international
arm sales especially to country with poor performance I protecting human rights because
Malaki ang tendency that they use violence against their own people pose a greater risk of
misusing weapons in the short or long term

Another thing that they consider is the stability of the recipient nation. Because they assume
na there would be a poor performance in protecting their own territory and they may fail to
manage conflict within their border which pose greater risk of weapon misusage.

weapons whose ability to damage comes from kinetic or incendiary, or explosive energy

excluding unconventional weapons such as nuclear-for mass destruction-, biological-
microorganisms like virus, bacteria, fungi, or other toxins that are produced and released
deliberately to cause disease and death in humans- , chemical –munition device or
equipment containing toxic substances that causes death.

International instability, danger of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.

Global destruction of the environment through both massive military production and wars. So
ito, similarly to what I have mentioned earlier environmental destruction will lead to loss of
our natural assets where scarcity of resource is most likely to happen.