A electric generator is a DEVICE that

converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Examples: Electric Generators , Turbines (for generation

of hydroelectricity) etc, Windmills (for generation of
electricity, etc)

AC Generator

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Parts of an AC Electric Generator

o Insulated Copper wire: A rectangular rotating coil of
wire ABCD
o Magnet Poles: A magnet as placed above ie North Pole
and South Pole. This creates a magnetic field as shown
above. The rectangular coil is placed between these
magnets
o Split Rings: Two disjoint C-shaped rings R1 and R2 are
internally attached to the Axle.. Ends of the coil are
 connected to R1 and R2. The inner portion of these rins
are made of non-conducting material
o Axle: The split rings are placed on the axle which is
made to rotate freely from an external source.
o Brushes: The outside of the split rings are connected to
conducting brushes B1 and B2. B1 and B2 is kept pressed
on R1 and R2 respectively.
o Galvanometer : To measure current. The outer ends of
the brushes are connected to the galvanometer to
measure the current
Working
o The axle is rotated such that it moves in the clockwise
directions that is AB moves up and CD moves down.
o According to Fleming's Right Hand rule, the induced
current is setup in the coil along B1-> AB -> BC -> CD ->
B2. This means that the external current flows from B2
to B1.
o After half a rotation, arm CD starts moves up and AB
moves down.
o According to Fleming's Right Hand rule, the induced
current is setup in the coil along B2-> AB -> BC -> CD ->
B1. This means that the external current flows from B1
to B2.
o Thus after every half rotation of the coil, the current
changes direction. This is called an AC current.
o AC current(Alternating current) : Changes its direction
after equal intervals of time. It is easier to transmit
this current over long distances due to lesser loses
and hence this is the current that is supplied to our
houses from the electricity department.
o The arrangement is the same as DC Motor except that
the source battery is replaced with a galvanometer.
o The working is also the same.
o The brushes X and Y are fixed.
o Commutators (split rings) P and Q are used to get
unidirectional flow of current. This is DC current
o DC current(Direct current): Does not change direction
with time. Eg: Current from a simple battery/cell