Chapter 10: Motivating Employees and Building Self Managed

Teams

Learning goals

After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Explain Taylor’s Scientific Management theory.

2. Explain the Hawthorne studies and its findings and relate their importance to creating other
motivational theories
3. Identify and explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
4. Compare between theory X and theory Y

Learning the Language

Listed below are important terms found in the chapter. Choose the correct term for each definition
and write it in the space provided.

Extrinsic reward Intrinsic reward Motivators

Goal-setting theory Job enlargement Job enrichment
Job rotation Scientific management Hawthorne effect
Management by Objective Time-motion studies Hygiene factors
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

1. Begun by Frederick Taylor, ____________________ are studies of which tasks must be

performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task

2. A (n) ____________________ is the personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and
complete goals

3. A (n) ____________________ is something given to you by someone else in recognition for

good work, including pay increases, praise and promotion.

4. The ____________________ refers to the tendency for people to behave differently when they
know they are being studied

5. The study of workers to find the most efficient way of doing things and then teaching people
those techniques is known as ____________________

6. The theory of motivation called ____________________ is based on unmet human needs from
basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs.

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Multiple Choice – Circle the Best Answer

1. Time and motion studies, methods of work and rules of work were all part of the ideas of
____________?
a. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
b. Herzberg’s two-factor theory
c. Taylor’s scientific management
d. The Hawthorne Experiments

2. Scientific management viewed people largely as ____________________?

a. Machines that needed to be programmed
b. Individuals who had specific needs that were filled at work
c. Workers in groups who needed to be self managed
d. Important contributors to management decision-making

3. Frederick Taylor believed the best way to improve worker productivity was to:
a. Scientifically determine the most efficient way to perform a task and then teach
people
b. Design jobs to be interesting and challenging
c. Determine people’s needs at work and find ways to meet those needs
d. Give people the authority to make decisions

4. Which of the following was not determined as part of the Hawthorne Experiments?
a. Workers enjoyed the atmosphere of their special room
b. The workers thought of themselves as a social group
c. It was not important to involve workers in the planning of the experiment
d. Workers felt their ideas were respected

5. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they’re being studied is
referred to as:
a. Maslow’s Hierarchy
b. The Hawthorne effect
c. Motivating factors
d. Theory X

6. Which of the following is not included as one of Maslow’s needs?

a. Self-actualization
b. Social
c. Esteem
d. Physical

7. Harry Leggins has worked for Shavem Industries for a number of years. He has just been
passed over for promotion, again, and is considering leaving his employer because it
seems that his managers don’t appreciate his abilities. The only problem is that he really
likes his co-workers, and they have an undefeated softball team. Harry is concerned with
filling:
a. Esteem needs
b. Social needs
c. Self-actualization needs
d. Safety needs

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 8. According to Maslow’s theory, when a need is satisfied:
a. The need disappears, and will not re-appear
b. Another, higher level need emerges and motivates a person to satisfy that need
c. It will continue to motivate a person, but not as strongly
d. We are content, and will continue to work, but will only be motivated by more
money

9. At Flo Valley Manufacturing workers are encouraged to find their own solutions to
problems, and to implement their solutions when practical. They work with little
supervision because management feels they are committed workers, and that the workers
are pretty creative. Flow Valley reflects a (n) _______ attitude about workers.
a. Theory X
b. Autocratic
c. Scientific
d. Theory Y

10. Douglas McGregor believed that managers with a Theory X attitude believed:
a. Workers prefer to be directed
b. People seek responsibility
c. People will use imagination in problem solving
d. Workers like work

True or False

1. ____ The satisfaction you feel when you have finished a term paper and done a good
job is an example of an extrinsic reward.

2. ____ The ideas of Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management were good for their
time, but are not longer being implemented in today’s workplace

3. ____ The problem with the initial experiments of the Hawthorne Study was that the
productivity of the experimental group actually decreased when lighting was changed

4. ____ The Hawthorne Experiments lead to new assumptions about workers, including
that pay was not the only motivator.

5. ____ One of the conclusions of the Hawthorne Experiments was that workers were
more motivated because they felt their ideas were respected and that they were involved
in decision making

6. ____ According to Maslow, satisfied needs will continue to motivate most individuals

7. ____ Self-actualization needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy refer to the need for recognition,
acknowledgement and self respect

8. ____ A theory Y manager believes that employees should be involved in both defining
problems and in designing the solutions