Tutorial 1

UDEC 2233 Industrial Chemistry

Week 6, May Semester 2020 (M. L. Ooi)

Q1. (a) Name the processes for the production of soda ash (NaCO 3). Show all the
chemical equations involved in these processes.

(b) Outline the flow for the production of nitric acid (HNO 3).

(c) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) can be prepared by either wet-acid process or furnace
process. Describe these two processes briefly and distinguish which process could
give pure phosphoric acid.

(d) Give THREE uses of phosphoric acid.

Q2. (a) Define oleochemicals.

(b) What is the purpose to carry out interesterification process during the
manufacturing of cooking oil?

(c) Outline the production of methyl ester sulphonate (MES) from triglyceride.

(d) Both rendering and pressing are methods for the extraction of oil. Explain the
differences between them.

Q3. (a) What are the basic components of paint?

(b) What parameters are important for the hiding power?

(c) State the character and roles of extender pigments.

Q4. (a) What is the function of binder in paints?

(b) Define ‘pigment volume concentration’ (PVC).

(c) What kind of effect will a paint show if the PVC % is

(i) low
(ii) high

Q5. (a) Write a short essay about rayon fiber.

 (b) Sulfur dye can be used to dye cotton fiber. Briefly describe the process and the
advantages of using this dye.

(c) Briefly explain direct dye is water soluble but it is not an acid dye?

Q6. (a) Define n-type doped and p-type doped semiconductor.

(b) Draw the band gap for conductor, semiconductor and insulator.

(c) Briefly describe the working mechanism of a photovoltaic cell.

(d) Draw the typical molecular structure of liquid crystal and explain briefly.