Phase Separation Minimization

Incongruent melting, or phase separation, can cause a loss in enthalpy of solidification as

reported by Cantor [60]. Such phase segregation can be reduced with the addition of extra

water, use of microcapsules, rotary storage tank and thickening agents [63]. The addition of

3% super absorbent copolymer (SAP) has been found to completely prevent phase separation

of Glauber’s Salt [61]. Thixotropic (attapulgite clay) and alginate have been tested as well

[62]. Ryu [63] reported the effectiveness of SAP made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC),

and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with addition of 3wt% to 5wt% for high hydrate inorganic salts

and 2 wt% to 4 wt% for low hydrate inorganic salts. However, in another study it was shown

the addition of bentonite, starch and cellulose to sodium acetate trihydrate still resulted in

20% to 35% of latent enthalpy drop [64]. Polymeric polycarboxylic acid, silica gel and

diatomaceous earth are all potential gelling agents [63].

Although thickening agents have been added to prevent phase separation, thermal cycling

may still lead to thermal capacity drop. For example a 48% drop in stored capacity for

Glauber’s salt was noted after 200 cycles [65]. As explanation, it has been found that the

cause of capacity drop is due to PCM crystal boundary behavior which leads to parting of

thickeners and nucleating agents upon solidification. With the addition of 1%

acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer (AACP) and 0.1% of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP,

(NaPO3)6) as crystal habit modifier, the storage capacity was maintained at 82% of ideal

value after 1600 cycles [66]. Calcium chloride hexahydrate has shown good stability after

1000 cycle test, and may thus be a potential promising PCM for TES [67]. In order to

minimize phase separation, rolling cylinder heat storage system that mixes the salt hydrate

under constant rotation has been proposed by Herrick [68], after 200 cycles no performance

degradation was found. However, a cost analysis for economical validation of the concept is

required, as is the assessment of the parasitic electricity load due to the rolling.

Faza Odvajanje Minimiziranje

Nekongruentne topljenje ili odvajanja faza, može izazvati gubitak u entalpiji očvršćavanja kao

prenosi Cantor [60]. Takva faza segregacija može biti redukovan dodavanjem ekstra
voda, korišćenje mikrokapsula, rotacione rezervoar i sredstva za zgušnjavanje [63]. Dodatak

3% super upijajući kopolimer (SAP) je utvrđeno da potpuno spreči razdvajanje faza

of Glauberova Salt [61]. Tiksotropan (atapulgitna glina) i alginat su testirani i

[62]. Riu [63] prijavio efikasnost SAP napravljenu od karboksimetil celuloza (CMC),

i polivinil alkohol (PVA) uz dodatak 3vt% do 5 tež% za visoko hidrat neorganske soli

i 2 vt% do 4 mas% za lov hidrat neorganske soli. Međutim, u drugoj studiji je pokazano

dodavanje bentonita, skroba i celuloze u natrijum acetat trihidrata još rezultirala

20% do 35% latentne entalpije pada [64]. Polimerni polikarboksilne kiselinu, silika gel i

dijatomejska zemlja su svi potencijalni želirajuća sredstva [63].

Iako su dodate za zgušnjavanje kako bi se sprečilo razdvajanje faza, thermal cicling

mogu izazvati toplotne pada kapaciteta. Na primer, pad 48% u čuvaju kapaciteta za

Glauberova so zabeležen posle 200 ciklusa [65]. Kao objašnjenje, utvrđeno je da je

Uzrok pada kapaciteta je zbog PCM kristal graničnom ponašanje koje dovodi do rastanak od

zgušnjavanje i nukleacijski agensi upon očvršćavanje. Sa dodatkom 1%

akrilamid / akrilna kiselina kopolimer (AACP) i 0,1% natrijum heksametafosfat (SHMP,

(NaPO3) 6) as Kristalni habitus modifikator, kapacitet skladišta je održavana na 82% idealno

vrednost nakon 1600 ciklusa [66]. Kalcijum hlorid hidrat pokazao dobru stabilnost nakon

1000 test ciklusa, i mogu tako biti potencijalni obećavajuća PCM za TES-[67]. Da bi

minimize razdvajanje faza, valjanja sistem skladištenja cilindar toplote koja meša so hidrat

pod stalnim rotacija je predložio Herik [68], posle 200 ciklusa ne performansi

degradacije je pronađen. Međutim, analiza troškova za ekonomski validaciju koncepta je

potrebno, kao što je procena parazitske opterećenja električne energije zbog valjanja.