 The reproductive system or genital system

is a system of organs within an organism

which work together for the purpose of
reproduction.
 The reproductive events in human includes
formation of gametes (gametogenesis) i.e
sperms in males and ovum in females
leading to the formation of zygote.
1.Testes : These are one pair small sized, oval
shaped.
 These are present in thin walled skin
pouches called scrotal sacs or scrotum.
Function : It is involved in spermatogenesis
and secretion of testosterone.
2 Epididymis : On the posterolateral side of
each testes there is an elongated and
flattened structure called epididmis
Function: it is involved in storage nutrition and
physiological maturation of the sperms.
3.Vasa deferentia : It is a long about 30 cm,
narrow, muscular and tubular structure. It
passes through prostrate gland and joins
the urethra.
Functions : Conduction of sperms by
peristalsis of its highly muscular coat.
4.Urethra : It arise from the urinary bladder,
as it carries urine, sperms, secretion of
seminal vesicles.
Functions : Conduction of sperms,
secretion of accessory reproductive glands
and urine.
5. Penis : It is the cylindrical, eractile &
copulatory organ. It forms the external
genitalia of male.
Function : It helps in copulation.
 Spermatogenesis by the germ cells of
seminiferous tubules
 Secretion of male hormones, testosterone.
 Transfer of sperms into vagina of female
during copulation
1.Ovaries : They are the primary sex organs of
female. These are one pair small sized,
almond shaped structure present in pelvis
one on either side of uterus. Each ovary is
solid internally and is lined by a cuboidal
germinal epithelial.
Functions : Ovaries are concerned with
formation of ova & secretion of female sex
hormones – estrogen & progesterone.
2.Fallopian tube : These are one pair long
10-12 cm ,ciliated, muscular and tubular
structure which expand from the periphery
of ovary through uterus
It is differentiated into three parts;
 A) ampulla
 B) isthmus
 C) uterine part
Functions : It is involved in the conduction
of ovum or zygote towards the uterus by
peristalsis & cilliary action.It is also the site
of fertilisation.
3. Uterus : It is large , hollow ,highly
muscular, inverted pear shaped structure
present in pelvis between the bladder &
rectum.It is formed of three parts :
 A) fundus
 B) body or corpus
 C) cervix
Functions : It is the site of implantation and
foetal growth during pregnancy. It also
takes part in formation of placenta and
expelling of baby during parturition.
4. vagina : It is long muscular tube . It is
highly vascular tube internally lined by
mucus membrane and is raised into
transverse force called vaginal rugae.
Functions : It acts both as copulation canal
as it receives the sperms from penis
during copulation and birth canal during
parturition.
5. Vulva : It is external genitalia of female. It
has a depression , the vestibule.
 Oogenesis by the germ cells of ovary.
 Vagina receives the seminal fluid during
copulation
 Fertilisation of gametes to form zygote.
 Implantation followed by prenatal growth of
embryo.
 Parturition