Please research the principle of bending radius in sheet metal repair.

Bending is one of the most common sheet metal fabrication operations. Also known as press
braking, flanging, die bending, folding and edging, this method is used to deform a material to an
angular shape. This is done through the application of force on a workpiece. The force must exceed the
material’s yield strength to achieve a plastic deformation. Only then can you get a lasting result in the
form of a bend.

When forming straight bends, the thickness of the material, its alloy compositions, and its
temper condition must be considered. Generally speaking, the thinner the materials, the more sharply it
can be bent (the smaller the radius of bend), and the softer the material is, the sharper the bend is.
Other factors that must be considered when making straight line bends are bend allowance, setback,
and brake or sight line.

The radius of a bend of a sheet of material is the radius of the bend as measured on the inside of
the curved material. The minimum radius of bend of a sheet of material is the sharpest curve, or bend,
to which the sheet can be bent without critically weakening the metal at the bend. If the radius of the
bend is too small, stresses and strains weaken the metal and may result in cracking.

A minimum radius of bend is specified for each type of aircraft sheet metal. The minimum bend
radius is affected by the kind of material, thickness of the material, and temper condition of the
material. Annealed sheet can be bent to a radius approximately equal to its thickness, Stainless steel and
2024-T3 aluminum alloy requires fairly large bend radius.

Bending Methods – There is quite a few different bending methods available. Each has their own
advantages. The dilemma is usually between going for accuracy or simplicity, while the latter gets more
usage. Simpler methods are more flexible and most importantly, need less different tools for getting a
result needed.

The following are the bending methods: Roll Bending, Step Bending, U-Bending, Air Bending, Bottoming,
and lastly V- Bending.