National Collage OF Business Administration & Economics

FINAL-TERM ONLINE EXAM

ANSWER SHEET

NAME: MUHAMMAD USMAN ALI

ROLL NO. CT-F16-42
TECHNOLOGY: BS-CIVIL
SEMESTER: 8th Final-Term
SUBJECT: Repair & Maintenance Of Structures
INSTRUCTOR: Salman Khan
TOTAL MARKS: 35
DATE: 05-09-2020
Q No.1: Discuss the importance of repair and maintenance in civil engineering in
context of economy.?
Repair & Maintenance:
It is important to clean maintain & gleam your b;8uildings. We can see in our life in many
times peeling paints, roof leaks, door wraps, spalled floor and ceilings, jammed gutters and
drains and other these things like these types. It is an important financial investment that has
the potential to save yourself and leave comfortable environment in the living time period. It
is important to maintain those buildings and which we used and other public used
infrastructure. There are many types of repair and maintenance which are used to seeing the
building type and damage or repair work. It can be routine maintenance, annual maintenance,
sudden or unexpected maintenance, and etc. It is must for any type of building or
infrastructure.;
Importance Of Maintenance:
If we do proper maintenance of building and infrastructure. We can obtain these under given
advantages.
 Extend the life of Building:
If we have the maintain our building and infrastructure. it can be extending our building life
 Minimize Threats:
If we do proper maintain our building, it can be minimized threats in natural disasters like,
earth quake, flood, land sliding, and other these types of disasters.
 Improve User Experience:
User can used all facilities which are provided in building or infrastructure. It can be used
those time when it can be properly work and it is possible when they have properly
maintained.
 Impression:
Proper maintained building or a infrastructure is looks beautiful.

Importance Of Repair And Maintenance In Civil Engineering In Context Of Economy:

In context of economy if we maintain or repair our building or infrastructure it is reduce to
our major cost it can be possible when we proper periodically repair and maintain our
building or infra structure.
Q No.2: Illustrate material characteristics for repairing works.?
We all know that every building have required maintenance. So, therefore we used best
quality material which maintain our building for long time and it should be less prices.
Following are some materials which are known to be the most suitable for repairing, or used
in repairing works restoration and to strength the building in case of seismic failures.
Name of Materials:
 Grouts
 Shotcrete
 Non-shrink Grouts
 Epoxy resins
 Epoxy mortar
 Quick setting cement mortar
 Mechanical anchors
 Fiber concrete
 FRP
 Cement
 Sand
 Aggregates
 Bricks
 Aluminum
 Glass
 Plastic
 Bitumen

MATERIALS PROPERTIES WHICH ARE USED IN REPAIRING WORKS:

The repair materials should have the following properties.
 Material should have valid date
 Material should be available at nearest of site
 Low shrinkage and expansion properties
 Materials should have the good workability and durability
 Should have good bonding strength
 It should have hardening and setting properties
 Should have good mechanical properties
 It should be less permeable
 It should be economical
 Sand have less impurities and like silt content
 Cement should be fresh
 Aggregate properties match with engineering standards
 Material properties should be match with old material (Especially in case of road
repairs)
Q No.4: Write down the role of polymers in repairing.?

Polymers:
A polymer may be a substance which features a molecular structure built up or construct up
or repair chiefly or completely from an outsized number of comparable units bonded
together. In basic terms, polymers are very long molecules typically made from many
thousank2ds of repeat units.
Types of Polymers:
There are two type of Polymers which are given as under:
 Modify Cementation method.
 Thermosetting Resin method.

Role Of Polymers In Repairing:

There are tons of role of polymers in repairing works which are given as under:

Role Of Polymers In Repairing Of Cracks:

We can use the polymers in under given situations in repairing of cracks which are given as
under:
1. Stitching
2. Routing And Sealing
3. Resin Injection
4. Dry Packing
5. Polymer Impregnation
6. Vacuum Impregnation
7. Autogenously Healing
8. Flexible Sealing
9. Drilling And Plugging
10. Bandaging
Role Of Polymers In Concrete:

 Concrete is produced by incorporating an emulsion of a polymer or a monomer in

ordinary Portland cement concrete.
 The ingredients comprising cement invented by johan aggregates and monomer are
mixing with the water and monomer in the concrete mix polymerized after placing
concrete in position.

These under given resultant concrete has improved.

 Strength
 Adhesion
  Chemical Resistance
 Impact Resistance
 Abrasion Resistance
 Increased Impermeability
 Reduced /absorption

Q No.5: Discuss the advantages of Epoxies in repairing.?

Ans: These are the advantages of epoxies which are used in repairing and general
construction of building or a infrastructure.
Advantages of epoxies in repairing
 Epoxies have weld which have more strength and stronger than concrete.
 These can work best on dry surface.
 Epoxies are works more best on concrete, wood, and metal like iron, aluminum, and
etc surfaces
 These can be applied on most interior & exterior surfaces.
 These bonds strongly to most materials including metals, concrete, glass, ceramics,
stone, wood, leather. Exceptions are plastics materials like polythene, polypropylene,
telfon, etc.
 They have excellent resistance to chemicals, solvents water and etc.
 Epoxies have very good electrical insulating properties.
 Outstanding mechanical strength including tensile, compressive, flexural and
modulus.
 They have very little shrinkage on curing, thus providing good dimensional stability
 The major benefits of epoxy its strength. Once cured, the tensile strength far exceeds
that of the surrounding concrete foundation. Regardless of thermal tension or pressure
from soil or another factor, the epoxy is reliable. This method has a very low failure
rate, providing technician with visual indicator of success, and can be suitable for
very small and fine cracks. Polyurethane is less dependent on the condition of the
crack and other weather variable, giving it more application in moist, muddy, or
otherwise unfavorable condition. High injection pressure can be used with this
material and void are effectively filled since the polyurethane expand. Another major
benefit is the quick cure time and fact that success can be confirmed both visually and
by using tests that ensure leak are fully sealed.
 Epoxy flooring coating are durable and hard-wearing solution for both industrial and
commercial flooring. The floor may be applied on top of concrete floor to offer a high
performance and attractive flooring. At add Concrete Coating, we have epoxy
flooring expert who are experienced in installing epoxy flooring for various industrial
and commercial building and these include commercial facilities, warehouse,
manufacturing plant, laboratories and pharmaceutical manufacturing building among
many other. Below are some of the benefit of epoxy flooring for industrial or
commercial building.
Q No.3: Mention down the Pre-Mixed cement concrete importance
in repairing.?
There is a lot of difference between pre mix and conventional because pre mix concrete is
more reliable than a conventional concrete. It is advance level of conventional concrete. It has
a lot of advantages So, there fore it is used widely.
These are some importance of pre mixed concrete which are given as under:
 Proper mixing
 Environmentally friendly.
 No waste on site.
 Noise pollution reduce at site.
 Dust pollution reduce at site.
 Wastage of material is lesser
 Better quality concrete is produced.
 Time required is great reduce.
 Elimination of storage space for basic material at site.
 Organize at site is more streamline.
 Labor cost save.
 Water cement ratio maintain.
 Quality assurance.
 Mass of product of concrete possible.
 Easy placed
 Fresh RMC available every time.
 Technical advance.
 Leading to storage relationship with customers.
 It is prepared close to concrete mix design