RUFIDA COLLEGE OF NURSING

JAMIA HAMDARD
DELHI-110062

MICRO TEACHING
ON
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

BINDU SHAIJU CHAITALI SHANKAR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M.Sc 1st Year
IDENTIFICATION DATA:
 o NAME: Chaitali Shankar

o CLASS: M.Sc Nursing 1st

o SUBJECT: Clinical Speciality

o UNIT: 1
o TOPIC: NEUROPSYCHIATRY DISORDERS

o GROUP: Msc Nursing 1st Year

o SIZE OF GROUP :06

o VENUE: Virtual Classroom

o DURATION OF TEACHING:

o METHOD OF TEACHING: Lecture Cum Discussion

o A.V AIDS: PPT AND HANDOUTS

o DATE & TIME:16-10-2020 AT 11:00 AM

o PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE : The group of student have basic knowledge about
Neuropsychiatry disorders.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
1. General Objectives: at the end of presentation.
FROM STUDENT POINT OF VIEW
o The students will be able to gain knowledge regarding Neuropsychiatric
Disorders.
FROM STUDENT TEACHER POINT OF VIEW
o The sudent teacher will be able to take good lecture regarding
Neuropsychiatric Disorders.
2. Specific Objectives: at the end of the presentation.
FROM STUDENT POINT OF VIEW
o Students gain knowledge regarding Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

o Students gain knowledge regarding wide classification of Neuropsychiatric

Disorders.
FROM STUDENT TEACHER POINT OF VIEW
o The student teacher will be able to use different books.

o The student teacher will be able to do an effective planned teaching and will
gain confidence in teaching.
o Student teacher will gain skill in teaching.
TIM SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING EVALUATION
E OBJECTIVE LEARNING ACTIVITY
2 INTRODUCTION:
mins Neuropsychiatric
disorder is a blanket
medical term that
encompasses a
broad range of
medical conditions
that involve both
neurology and
psychiatry. It mainly
occurs in elderly
patients. These
diseases greatly
impair the health of
those affected by
them and impact
their ability to learn,
work, and
emotionally cope.
Neuropsychiatric
work with patients
with mental
disorders which in
most cases originate
from a brain
malfunction.
After the class
students will be
able to : ANNOUCEMENT OF
THE TOPIC:
Today we will discuss
about the topic
“NEUROPSYCHIATRY
DISORDER”

1 Define DEFINITION: Define

min Neuropsychiatry. Neuropsychiatry is a branch of Student Teacher Neuropsychiatr
medicine that deals with defines using PPT. y.
mental disorders attributable
to diseases of the nervous
system.

Enlist the causes Some of the most common Student teacher What are the
3 of causes include: enlisted using PPT causes of
mins Neuropsychiatry  traumatic head injury Neuropsychiatr
disorders (TBI) y
 infections
 medication side
effects
  genetic predisposition
 environmental factors
In some cases, cause may be
unknown, may be related to
other factors.

2 Describe Main Characteristics of Student teacher Describe the

mins characteristics of Neuropsychiatry Symptoms: described the characteristics
neuropsychiatric The main characteristics of characteristics of of
symptoms  neuropsychiatric symptoms neuropsychiatry neuropsychiatr
are : symptoms. y.
(1) concurrent occurrence of
the various psychiatric
symptoms,
(2) cognitive impairment as a
core symptom,
(3) the possibility of early
cerebral symptoms, and
(4) occasional resemblance to
endogenous psychiatric
disorders

Briefly Discuss Neuropsychiatry is concerned

40 the with disorders of Student teacher Briefly Discuss
mins NEUROPSYCHIAT affect,cognition, and briefly discussed the
RY DISORDERS. behaviour that arise from neuropsychiatry Neuropsychiatr
overt disorders in cerebral disorders using PPT. y Disorders.
function, or from indirect
effects of extracerebral
disease.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS:
Schizophrenia : It is a chronic
brain disorder. When
schizophrenia is active,
symptoms can include
delusions, hallucinations,
disorganizaed speech, trouble
with thinking and lack of
motivation. However,
with treatment, most
symptoms of schizophrenia
will greatly improve and the
likelihood of a recurrence can
be diminished. Symptoms of
schizophrenia usually first
appear in early adulthood and
must persist for at least six
months for a diagnosis to be
made. Men often experience
initial symptoms in their late
teens or early 20s while
women tend to show first
signs of the illness in their 20s
and early 30s.

Other Psychotic Disorders-

 Persistent Delusional
Disorders: It is a
relatively stable and
chronic course ,
characterized by
presence of well
systemized delusions
of non –bizarre type.
The emotional
response and
behaviour of the
person is often
understandable in the
light of delusion. The
behaviour outside the
limits of delusion is
almost normal.
 Acute and transient
psychotic Disorders:
These disorders
neither follow the
course of
schizophrenia nor
resemble mood
disorder in clinical
picture and usually
have a better
prognonsis.
 Induced Delusional
Disorders: This is a
uncommon delusional
disorder characterized
by a sharing of
delusional between
usually 2 or more
persons, who usually
have a closely knit
emotional bond
 Schizoaffective
Disorder: It is a
mental
health disorder that is
 marked by a
combination of
schizophrenia
symptoms, such as
hallucinations or
delusions, and
mood disorder sympto
ms, such as
depression or mania.
 Capgras syndrome:
Capgras delusion is
a psychiatric
disorder in which a
person holds
a delusion that a
friend, spouse, parent,
or other close family
member (or pet) has
been replaced by an
identical impostor. It
is named after Joseph
Capgras (1873–1950),
a French psychiatrist.

Mood Disorders:
Mood disorder, also known
as mood affective disorders, is
a group of conditions where a
disturbance in the
person's mood is the main
underlying feature. Mood
disorders fall into the basic
groups of elevated mood, such
as mania or hypomania;
depressed mood, of which the
best-known and most
researched is major
depressive disorder. nd moods
which cycle between mania
and depression, known
as bipolar disorder (BD)
(formerly known as manic
depression).
 Manic Episode: A
manic episode is
characterized by a
sustained period of
abnormally elevated
or irritable mood,
intense energy, racing
thoughts, and other
 extreme and
exaggerated
behaviors. People can
also
experience psychosis,
including
hallucinations and
delusions, which
indicate a separation
from reality.
 Depressive episode: A
depressive episode in
the context of a major
depressive disorder is
a period characterized
by low mood and
other depression
symptoms that lasts
for 2 weeks or more.
When experiencing a
depressive episode, a
person can try to
make changes to their
thoughts and
behaviours to help
improve their mood.
 Bipolar Mood
Disorder: Bipolar
disorder is a
mental illness marked
by extreme shifts in
mood. Symptoms can
include an extremely
elevated mood called
mania. They can also
include episodes of
depression. Bipolar
disorder is also known
as bipolar disease or
manic depression.

Persistent Mood Disorder:

 Cyclothymia:
Cyclothymia, also
known
as cyclothymic disord
er, is a mental
disorder that involves
numerous periods of
symptoms of
depression and
 periods of symptoms
of hypomania. These
symptoms, however,
are not sufficient to
be a major depressive
episode or a
hypomanic episode.
 Dysthymia: Dysthymia
is defined as a low
mood occurring for at
least two years, along
with at least two
other symptoms of
depression. Examples
of symptoms include
lost interest in normal
activities,
hopelessness, low
self-esteem, low
appetite, low energy,
sleep changes and
poor concentration.

Phobic Anxiety Disorders:

A phobia is a type of anxiety
disorder that causes an
individual to experience
extreme, irrational fear about
a situation, living creature,
place, or object. When a
person has a phobia, they will
often shape their lives to avoid
what they consider to be
dangerous.
Panic Disorder:
Panic disorder occurs when
you experience recurring
unexpected panic attacks. The
DSM-5 defines panic attacks as
abrupt surges of intense fear
or discomfort that peak within
minutes. People with the
disorder live in fear of having a
panic attack. You may be
having a panic attack when
you feel sudden,
overwhelming terror that has
no obvious cause. You may
experience physical
symptoms, such as a racing
heart, breathing difficulties,
and sweating.

Generalized Anxiety
Disorders: Generalized anxiety
disorder can occur at any age.
The condition has symptoms
similar to panic disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder
and other types of anxiety.
These symptoms include
constant worry, restlessness
and trouble with
concentration.
Treatment may include
counseling and medication,
such as antidepressants.

Obsessive Compulsive
Disorders: Obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD) is
a mental illness that causes
repeated unwanted thoughts
or sensations (obsessions) or
the urge to do something over
and over again (compulsions).
Some people can have both
obsessions and compulsions.

Reaction to stress and

Adjustment: This category
includes –
 Acute Stress
Reaction:-
An acute stress
reaction occurs when
symptoms develop
due to a
particularly stressful e
vent. The word 'acute'
means the symptoms
develop quickly but do
not usually last long.
The events are usually
very severe and
an acute stress
reaction typically
occurs after an
unexpected life crisis.

 Post Traumatic Stress

 Syndrome:
Posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) is a
psychiatric disorder
that may occur in
people who have
experienced or
witnessed a traumatic
event such as a
natural disaster, a
serious accident, a
terrorist act,
war/combat, or rape
or who have been
threatened with
death, sexual violence
or serious injury.
 Adjustment Disorder:
It is a group of
symptoms, such as
stress, feeling sad or
hopeless, and physical
symptoms that can
occur after you go
through a stressful life
event. The symptoms
occur because you are
having a hard time
coping. Your reaction
is stronger than
expected for the type
of event that
occurred.

Conversion Disorder:
Conversion disorder is a
mental condition in which a
person has blindness,
paralysis, or other nervous
system (neurologic) symptoms
that cannot be explained by
medical evaluation, a
condition in which you have
physical symptoms of a health
problem but no injury or
illness to explain them.

 DISSOCIATIVE MOTOR
DISORDERS: It is
 characterized by
motor disturbance like
paralysis or abnormal
movements. Paralysis
may be monoplegia ,
paraplegia or
quadriplegia. The
abnormal movement
may be tremors,
choreiform
movements or gait
disturbances which
increase when
attention is directed
towards them.
 DISSOCIATIVE
CONVULSIONS: It is
characterized by
convulsive
movements and
partial loss of
consciousness.
 DISSOCIATIVE
SENSORY LOSS AND
ANAESTHESIA: It is
characterized by
sensory disturbances
like hemianesthesia ,
blindness, deafness
and glove and stocking
anesthisa . The
disturbance is usually
based on patient’s
knowledge of that
particular illness
whose symptoms are
produced .

Dissociative Disorder:
Dissociation is a mechanism
that allows our mind to
separate certain memories
from conscious awareness.
These disorders are described
as a disturbance in the
ordinarily organized functions
of the conscious awareness ,
memory and identity.
 Dissociative amnesia:
Dissociative amnesia is
a type
 of dissociative disorde
r that involves inability
to recall important
personal information
that would not
typically be lost with
ordinary forgetting. It
is usually caused by
trauma or stress.
Diagnosis is based on
history after ruling out
other causes
of amnesia.
 Dissociative fugue  :
(formerly called
psychogenic fugue) is
a psychological state
in which a person
loses awareness of
their identity or other
important
autobiographical
information and also
engages in some form
of unexpected travel.
 Dissociative Identity
Disorder: Dissociative
identity disorder,
previously called
multiple personality
disorder, is usually a
reaction to trauma as
a way to help a person
avoid bad memories.
Dissociative identity
disorder is
characterised by the
presence of two or
more distinct
personality identities.
Each may have a
unique name,
personal history and
characteristics.
 Trance and Possesion
Disorder: For clinical
psychiatry, trance and
possession
disorders are defined
as states involving 'a
temporary loss of the
 sense of personal
identity and full
awareness of the
surroundings.
 Ganser’s Syndrome:
Ganser syndrome is a
rare type of condition
in which a person
deliberately and
consciously acts as if
he or she has a
physical or mental
illness when he or she
is not really sick.
People with Ganser
syndrome mimic
behavior that is typical
of a mental illness,
such as schizophrenia.

Somatoform Disorder:
The somatoform disorders are
a group of
psychological disorders in
which a patient experiences
physical symptoms that are
inconsistent with or cannot be
fully explained by any
underlying general medical or
neurologic condition.

Other Neurotic Disorders:

Neurasthenia : is
characterized by persisting
and distressing complaints of
increased after mental or
physical effort.

Depersonalization: is
described as feeling
disconnected or detached
from one's self. Individuals
experiencing depersonalizatio
n may report feeling as if they
are an outside observer of
their own thoughts or body,
and often report feeling a loss
of control over their thoughts
or actions.

Derealization: alteration in the

perception or experience of
the external world , so that
the feeling of reality of
external world is temporarily
changed or lost.

Dhat Syndrome:
Dhat syndrome refers to a
culture-bound syndrome of
Southeast Asia, where
patients present with anxiety
and depressive and somatic
symptoms, which they
attribute to semen loss.
Common presentation of
these patients is the passage
of semen-like substance in
urine.

Substance Use Disorder:

Substance use disorder occurs
when a person's use of alcohol
or another substance (drug)
leads to health issues or
problems at work, school, or
home. This disorder is also
called substance abuse.

Personality Disorder:
There are 10 specific types of
personality disorders.
Personality disorders are long-
term patterns of behavior and
inner experiences that differs
significantly from what is
expected. The pattern of
experience and behavior
begins by late adolescence or
early adulthood and causes
distress or problems in
functioning. Without
treatment, personality
disorders can be long-lasting.
Personality disorders affect at
least two of these areas:
o Way of thinking about
oneself and others
o Way of responding
emotionally
o Way of relating to
other people
 o Way of controlling
one’s behavior

Sexual Disorders:
 Gender identity
disorders : The gender
identity
disorders (GID) are
defined as disorders in
which an individual
exhibits marked and
persistent
identification with the
opposite sex and
persistent discomfort
(dysphoria) with his or
her own sex or sense
of inappropriateness
in the gender role of
that sex.

 Dual role
transvestism: It is
defined as an
individual, usually
male, who wears
clothes of the
opposite sex in order
to experience
temporary
membership in the
opposite sex, has no
sexual motivation for
the cross-dressing,
and no desire for a
permanent change to
the opposite sex.

 Transsexualism: In this
there is a persistent
and significant sense
of discomfort
regarding one’s
anatomic sex and a
feeling that is
inappropriate to one’s
perceived gender. The
person will be
preoccupied with the
wish to get rid of
one’s genitals and
 secondary sex
characteristics and to
adopt the sex
characteristics of the
other sex.

 Intersexuality: The
patients have gross
anatomical or
physiological features
of the other sex . For
eg :
pseudohermaphroditi
dm , Turner’s
Syndrome , Congenital
adrenal hypoplasia.
DISORDER OF PARAPHILIAS
(DSMV)
Paraphilic disorders are
recurrent, intense, sexually
arousing fantasies, urges, or
behaviors that are distressing
or disabling and that involve
inanimate objects, children or
nonconsenting adults, or
suffering or humiliation of
oneself or the partner with
the potential to cause harm.

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION:
Sexual dysfunction can have
causes that aren't due to
underlying disease. Examples
include stress, drug use,
alcohol consumption, tobacco
use, cycling or relationship
factors.

Psychophysiological/Psychos
omatic Disorders: The word
psychosomatic means mind
and body. These are those
disorders in which the psychic
elements are important for
initiating chemical
,physiological or structural
alterations , which in turn
create the physical symptoms
in the person. The term
psychosomatic has been
replaced with
“psychophysiological”.

Eating Disorder:
Eating disorders are illnesses
in which the people
experience severe
disturbances in their eating
behaviors and related
thoughts and emotions.
People with eating disorders
typically become pre-occupied
with food and their body
weight. People with anorexia
nervosa and bulimia nervosa
tend to be perfectionists with
low self-esteem and are
extremely critical of
themselves and their bodies.
They usually “feel fat” and see
themselves as overweight,
sometimes even despite life-
threatening semi-starvation
(or malnutrition). An intense
fear of gaining weight and of
being fat may become all-
pervasive. In early stages of
these disorders, patients often
deny that they have a
problem.
In many cases, eating
disorders occur together with
other psychiatric disorders like
anxiety, panic, obsessive
compulsive disorder and
alcohol and drug abuse
problems.

Sleep Disorders:
Sleep disorders (or sleep-wake
disorders) involve problems
with the quality, timing, and
amount of sleep, which result
in daytime distress and
impairment in functioning.
Sleep-wake disorders often
occur along with medical
conditions or other mental
health conditions, such as
depression, anxiety, or
cognitive disorders. There are
several different types of
sleep-wake disorders, of
which insomnia is the most
common. Other sleep-wake
disorders include obstructive
sleep apnea, parasomnias,
narcolepsy, and restless leg
syndrome.

Mental Retardation:
Mental retardation currently is
defined by the American
Association on Mental
Retardation (AAMR) as
“significantly sub-average
general intellectual
functioning accompanied by
significant limitations in
adaptive functioning in a least
two of the following skills
areas: communication, self-
care, social skills, self-
direction, academic skills,
work, leisure, health and/or
safety. These limitations
manifest themselves before
18 years of age.”

Disoder of Psychological
Development:
It includes specific
development disorders of
speech and language in which
normal patterns of language
acquisition are disturbed from
the early stages of
development for eg :
dysphagia, dyslalia, expressive
language disorder etc. It also
includes specific
developmental disorders of
Scholastic skils which are
further divided more into
specific reading disorder ,
specific spelling disorder and
specific arithmetic disorder.

Childhood Autism:
Autism spectrum disorder
impacts the nervous system
and affects the overall
cognitive, emotional, social
and physical health of the
affected individual.
The range and severity of
symptoms can vary widely.
Common symptoms include
difficulty with communication,
difficulty with social
interactions, obsessive
interests and repetitive
behaviours.
Early recognition, as well as
behavioural, educational and
family therapies may reduce
symptoms and support
development and learning.

Atypical Autism:
Atypical autism is often
described as a subthreshold
diagnosis, presenting with
some symptoms of autism but
insufficient to meet criteria for
a diagnosis of
childhood autism (or autistic d
isorder.

Rett’s Syndrome:
Rett syndrome is a rare
genetic neurological and
developmental disorder that
affects the way the brain
develops, causing a
progressive loss of motor skills
and speech.
This disorder primarily affects
girls.

Asperger’s Syndrome:
Asperger's syndrome is a
condition on the autism
spectrum, with generally
higher functioning.
People with this condition
may be socially awkward and
have an all-absorbing interest
in specific topics.
Communication training and
behavioural therapy can help
people with the syndrome
learn to socialise more
successfully.
Behavioural and emotional
disorders with onset usually
occurring in child hood and
adolescene:
 Hyperkinetic disorder :
ADHD often begins in
childhood and can
persist into adulthood.
It may contribute to
low self-esteem,
troubled relationships
and difficulty at school
or work.
Symptoms include
limited attention and
hyperactivity.
Treatments include
medication and talk
therapy.

 Conduct Disorder :
"Conduct disorder"
refers to a group of
repetitive and
persistent behavioral
and emotional
problems in
youngsters. Children
and adolescents with
this disorder have
great difficulty
following rules,
respecting the rights
of others, showing
empathy, and
behaving in a socially
acceptable way.

 Elective Mutism :
Elective mutism is a
now outdated term
which was defined as
a refusal to speak in
almost all social
situations (despite
normal ability to do
so), while
selective mutism was
considered to be a
failure to speak in
 specific situations and
is strongly associated
with social anxiety
disorder.

 Tics Disorder: It is an
abnormal; involuntary
movement which
occurs suddenly ,
repetitively , rapidly
and is purposeless in
nature. It is of 2 types
Motor tics & Vocal
tics.

 Non organic Enuresis:

Nocturnal enuresis (or
simply enuresis) refers
to any intermittent
wetting during sleep,
which includes the
afternoon nap. Non-
organic (functional)
daytime urinary
incontinence is
defined by
intermittent wetting
during awake periods,

 Non organic
Encopresis: It is a
repeated involuntary
or involuntary passage
of faeces , usually of
normal or near normal
consistency , in places
not appropriate for
that purposein the
indivials’s
sociocultural setting.

 Sterotyped Movement
Disorder: Stereotypic
movement
disorder (SMD) is
a motor disorder with
onset in childhood
involving repetitive,
nonfunctional motor b
ehavior (e.g., hand
waving or head
 banging), that
markedly interferes
with normal activities
or results in bodily
injury.

Dementia in Alzheimer’s
Disease:
Dementia is an acquired global
impairment of
intellect,memory and
personality but without
impairment of consciousness.
Alzheimer’s Type Dementia is
an irreversible disease marked
by global , progressive
impairment of cognitive
functioning , memory, and
personality.

Vascular Dementia:
Vascular dementia causes
memory loss in older adults,
particularly in those at higher
risk of stroke due to obesity or
diabetes.
In early stages, the condition
causes cognitive difficulty with
reasoning and judgment. In
later stages, memory is
affected.
Controlling conditions that
affect heart health can slow
disease progression.

Organic Amnestic Syndrome:

It is characterized by
impairment of memlory and
global intellectual functioning
due to an underlying organic
cause. There is no disturbance
in consciousness.

Mental Disorder due to brain

damage , dysfunction and
physical disease:
These are mental disorders
which are casually realted to
brain dysfunction due to
primary cerebral disease,
systemic diseaseand cerebral
malformations.
 Primary Cerebral
Disease: Epilepsy,
encephalitis , head
trauma , brain
neoplasam etc.
 Systemic Disease:
Hypothyroidism ,
Cushing’s Syndrome,
Hypoxia etc.
 Drugs : Steroids,
antihypertensives ,
antimalarials, alcohol,
and psychoactive
substances. The
following mental
disorders comes
under this category:
I. Organic
Hallucinosis
II. Organic
Catatonic
Disorder
III. Organcis
Delusional
disorder
IV. Organic mood
disorder
V. Organic
Anxiety
Disorder

SUMMARY :
So we have
discussed about
Neuropsychiatry
Disorders : definition
, brief discussion of
disorders .

Conclusion:
The foundation of
neuropsychiatry
rests upon the
relationship between
the brain and
behavior.
Neuropsychiatrists
evaluate patients
with neurological
disorders and
general medical
conditions who are
experiencing
psychiatric
symptoms.
Knowledge of
functional
neuroanatomy of the
central nervous
system is essential to
offer accurate
diagnoses and
treatments,
neuropsychiatry
supports the field of
neuroscience and is
used to better
understand the
neurological
underpinnings of
psychiatric and
neurologic disorders
and to examine the
treatment and care
of persons.

Evalution:
Students are
evaluated as per the
question framed in
evaluation coloumn.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 BOOK:
1. R Sreevani A
guide to mental
health &
psychiatric
nursing, Jaypee
Brothers Medical
Publishers 4th
Edition, (Page
170-313)
2. DR.Bimla
Kapoor
Textbook of
psychiatry
nursing Vol
II,Kumar
Publishing house
3rd Edition ,(page
no:265-325)
3. Lalit Batra
Mental Health
for nursing ,
PEEPEE
Publishers 1st
Edition, (page
no-88-152)

 OTHERS:
1. https://www.psychiat
ry.org/patients-
families/schizophreni
a/what-is-
schizophrenia
2. https://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/Mood_disord
er
3. https://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/Capgras_del
usion
4. https://www.verywell
mind.com/how-to-
recognize-a-manic-
or-hypomanic-
episode-380316
5. https://www.medical
 newstoday.com/articl
es/322495
6. https://www.healthlin
e.com/health/panic-
disorder
7. https://www.psychiat
ry.org/patients-
families/ptsd/what-is-
ptsd