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Innovation’s
New World Order
Asia is now the top regional destination for R&D spending,
followed by North America and Europe.
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1
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Innovation’s
New World
Order
feature innovation
Asia is now the top regional destination
for R&D spending, followed by North
America and Europe.
by Barry Jaruzelski, Kevin Schwartz,
and Volker Staack
For leading companies, implementing a global in- ing, we use the terms in-country (or in-region) spending,
novation strategy is paying off. We found that firms that exports, and imports as a convenient shorthand. A multi-
favor a more global R&D footprint outperform their national that spends a third of its R&D budget outside
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less globalized competitors on a variety of financial mea- its headquarters country is thus considered to be export-
sures. This is important, because, as in previous years, ing 33 percent of its R&D spending. The disadvantage
we found no statistically significant evidence that higher of using this terminology is that the concepts of import-
levels of spending guarantee better results (see “The 10 ing and exporting are antithetical to the concept of a
Most Innovative Companies,” page 9). Our refrain has multinational corporation, which by definition conducts
long been that it’s not how much you spend on research business globally rather than nationally. It can also be
and development, but how you spend it. But it’s also potentially misleading, in that mergers and acquisitions
where you spend that determines your success — and can alter the export and import numbers even though
our 2015 study shows that decisions about R&D loca- the location of past innovation activity does not change.
tion look very different today than they did less than a Still, this type of analysis provides an accurate gauge
decade ago (see Exhibit 1). of where innovation activity is being conducted around
Worldwide, R&D spending by the Global Innova- the world, and how corporate management makes R&D
tion 1000 companies — the 1,000 public corporations investment decisions. It also provides a way to chart the
worldwide that spent the most on researching and devel- relative gains and losses across countries and regions.
3
oping products and services for their markets — rose 5.1 As a complement to our study, we asked global in-
percent to $680 billion in 2015, the strongest increase novation executives about both their companies’ expe-
in the last three years. Companies headquartered in the riences with global innovation and their views on suc-
U.S., Europe, and Japan continued to account for a large cessful innovation practice. The 369 respondents to the
majority of innovation spending: 86 percent in 2015 (see Web survey represented companies that collectively ac-
“Profiling the Global Innovation 1000,” page 5). counted for more than $106 billion in R&D spending
But we know that analyzing global innovators — 16 percent of the Global Innovation 1000 total. We
based solely on where their headquarters are located also conducted in-depth interviews with a select group
doesn’t reveal where the actual work of innovation is of senior innovation leaders to hear firsthand how the
being done. To analyze the flows of R&D spending global innovation model has evolved.
among regions and countries, we researched the inno- Given the pervasiveness of globalized innovation
vation activities of 207 companies in 23 countries con- and the performance premium that a globalized foot-
strategy+business issue 81
ducting R&D at 2,041 sites in more than 60 countries print provides, the benefits for companies are obvious.
(see Methodology, page 15). This sample of major in- But executing such a strategy comes with challenges,
novators accounts for 71 percent of the total Global In- and a set of best practices has emerged to help innova-
novation 1000 spending. tion leaders manage them. It’s critical that they do so,
To describe location and flows of innovation spend- because the best opportunities are now scattered far and
(continued on page 7)
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on corporate R&D. where their R&D money has changed
cally: Asia is now thedramatically:
leading
on region
corporate R&D.in is
Asia innovation
But where
now spending,
thecompanies
leading and Europe
spend
region intheir R&D money
innovation has changed
spending, and Europe
ped to third place. The
haschart at right
dramatically:
slipped shows
to Asia
third a country-level
isplace.
now the
Theleading view.
chart atregion in innovation
right shows spending,view.
a country-level and Europe
has slipped to third place. The chart at right shows a country-level view.
$100
$100 $100 France $20 France $20 France $16
$100 $100
France $20
2007
2015
2.0
Revenue
R&D Spending
sented a 5.1 percent increase from growth in energy firms, which edged 1.5
as a % of Revenue
2014, a year in which R&D spending overall revenue down by 1 percent.
1.0
grew a meager 1.4 percent. The 2015 This phenomenon also contributed to
spending growth marked the larg- a slight rise in R&D intensity, or inno-
2000 2005 2010 2015
est year-over-year increase since vation spending as a percentage of
2011 and 2012, when we reported revenue, from 3.5 percent in 2014 to Source: Bloomberg data, Capital IQ data,
Strategy& analysis
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Companies in RED have been among the top 20 R&D spenders every year since 2005.
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1000 3.7 percent in 2015. Exhibit C: Spending by Industry,
2015
spending by healthcare companies
Companies tend to rose 6.0 percent (see Exhibit D). The
Healthcare companies continued to narrow
stick with their in- healthcare sector is closing in on the
the gap with the largest industry spender,
novation programs computing and electronics. number one position; if the current
despite cyclical revenue fluctuations: trend continues, the industry will be
Computing and Electronics 24.5%
R&D spending growth has often out- the largest R&D spender by 2019.
Other 1.5%
paced revenue growth for the Global Telecom 1.8%
But the biggest movers among
Innovation 1000 (see Exhibit A). Consumer 3.0%
industries have been software and
Volkswagen, Samsung, Intel, Aerospace and Defense 3.3%
Internet companies. The industry
Microsoft, and Roche led the Global Chemicals and Energy 6.2% increased R&D spending by 27.4
Innovation 1000 in R&D spending, Industrials 11.1% percent between 2014 and 2015.
and held the top five positions for the Software and Internet 11.2% Software and Internet also had
second year in a row. Apple joined the Auto 16.1% the largest average growth of any
top 20 list at number 18, powered by Healthcare 21.3% industry over the last 10 years — 13.2
its sustained growth. AstraZeneca percent — and passed industrials in
Source: Bloomberg data, Capital IQ data,
was the other newcomer to the list, Strategy& analysis 2015 to become the fourth-largest
at number 20 (see Exhibit B). This is industry in terms of R&D spending.
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the first time Apple has appeared intensity of its competitors in the com- This rank change happened despite
on the top 20 spenders list. Still, the puting and electronics industry. the fact that industrials companies
company is an efficient and effec- Among industries, the posted the second-largest year-
tive innovator: It has the lowest R&D computing and electronics, health- over-year increase, at 8.9 percent,
intensity of any company on the top 20 care, and auto sectors continued to and the third-highest 10-year aver-
list, spending only 3.3 percent of its spend the most on R&D. In total, they age increase, at 6.3 percent.
revenues on R&D, compared with an accounted for 62 percent of total Glob- From a regional perspective,
average of 12.5 percent for the other al Innovation 1000 R&D spending (see companies headquartered in North
19 companies on the list. In addition, Exhibit C). However, R&D spending by America, Europe, and Japan contin-
Apple’s R&D intensity is less than computing and electronics companies ued to dominate the Global Innova-
one-third the 11.8 percent average fell 0.7 percent in 2015, whereas R&D tion 1000. But their share of R&D
spending has fallen from 96 percent
Exhibit D: Change in R&D Spending by Industry, 2014–15 in 2005 to 86 percent in 2015. North
Software and Internet companies increased spending by 27.4 percent — roughly three times the American companies’ share edged
percentage increase of industrials. 6
down from 42 percent to 40 percent;
Length of bar = Change in spending from 2014 European companies’ share was flat;
Height of bar = 2015 R&D spending
and Japanese companies lost the
Software and Internet 27.4%
most, falling from 24 percent to 16
Industrials 8.9% percent of the total.
During the last decade,
Healthcare 6.0%
innovators headquartered in other
Aerospace and Defense 5.0% regions, notably in China and the
Auto 4.5% “rest of world” category (which in-
cludes countries such as Brazil,
Chemicals and Energy –0.1%
India, and Israel), increased their
Computing and Electronics –0.7% WEIGHTED
AVERAGE:
share of the Global Innovation 1000
5.1%
spending substantially — from 3
–2.8% Other
–4.3% Consumer percent in 2005 to 14 percent in 2015.
–10.0% Telecom
Source: Bloomberg data, Capital IQ data, Strategy& analysis (continued on next page)
6
headquartered outside the re-
Exhibit E: Change in R&D (continued from previous page) gion. Such innovation activity in
Spending by Region, 2014–15 Companies headquartered in China and India has been central
Companies headquartered in China again
showed the strongest percentage increase
these countries now represent to Asia’s rise. Between 2007 and
in spending. 227 of the Global Innovation 1000, 2015, R&D spending in China
compared with 64 companies 10 increased by 120 percent, to $55
31.6%
years ago. Companies based in billion, making it the second-larg-
China, in particular, increased their est location for corporate R&D,
spending by 31.6 percent in 2015 (see passing Japan and Germany ($50
Exhibit E). And over the last decade, billion and $32 billion, respective-
Chinese companies increased their ly). Although the U.S. retains its
R&D spending by more than 3,000 top position with $145 billion, its
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE:
5.1%
percent. Moreover, as we’ve noted, lead is narrowing: In 2007, R&D
9.5%
measuring innovation spending by in China was 23 percent of the
7.1%
where companies are headquartered U.S. total. In 2015, it amounted
4.0%
Rest of North
as opposed to where the innovation to 38 percent of the U.S. total.
China World America Europe Japan work is actually done significantly China’s imports of R&D
understates the major shift of from multinationals headquar-
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In 2007, the majority of R&D spending in Asia, high-end products often don’t resonate in China. “Our
North America, and Europe all came from domestic colleagues in China have open access to all the technol-
firms (in each region). In 2015, Asia became the only one ogy that Siemens owns, and [they] design products with
of the three to see the balance shift. Fifty-two percent distinct functionality as needed for their markets — at
of its R&D spending was imported — done by firms a fabulous cost position, using Chinese suppliers, and
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such as simpler computerized machine controllers, in
Western markets, capturing new market segments at China’s Imported R&D TOTAL: $44.2 billion
US$ Billions
lower price points than many customers would have ex- $0.9
$3.8
pected from the company. North America
$1.8
Chinese firms are now also exporting R&D spend- Europe
$2.5
Asia
ing. Although China’s total R&D exports in 2015 were $3.1
Other
a modest $2.0 billion, some leading Chinese companies
have become global brands — and are setting up global $4.6
R&D operations. Consumer electronics and home ap- TOTAL: $24.7 billion
pliance company Haier, for example, established an Rest of World
$0.4 $9.2
R&D center in Japan after its acquisition of Sanyo’s ap- Other Europe $3.8
France $1.1
pliance business from Panasonic in 2011. It has since South Korea $1.8
opened R&D hubs in Germany and the U.S., as its Switzerland $2.2
of Haier Global R&D, each global R&D center func- Note: Totals may not equal sums due to rounding.
Source: Bloomberg data, Capital IQ data, Strategy& analysis
tions as “a platform to exchange resources and to con-
nect with global channels — including more than 200
universities, 100 technology incubators, and thousands machines — has become a sales leader in New Zealand
of tech companies, and, of course, local governments. and commands 30 percent of China’s market for pre-
All these resources continue to offer ideas and solutions mium washing machines.
for our end customers.” One example that Wang cites: The rise of India as an R&D force has also been
Haier’s Qingdao innovation headquarters collaborated impressive. Total corporate R&D conducted in India
with the New Zealand center to combine technologies increased 115 percent between 2007 and 2015, to $28
in electric motors and drum washing machines. The re- billion. The growth was powered by R&D spending
sulting product — the Intelius line of premium washing from other countries, which grew 116 percent. India,
The 10 Most Amazon, first voted onto the Exhibit F: The 10 Most Innovative
most innovative list in 2012, placed Companies
Innovative fifth in 2015. The sixth spot again went
Tesla, which first appeared on this list in 2013
at number nine, now ranks third. Toyota is back
A
RANK
pple and Google still rule as pressed only by shiny digital devices,
Company 2015 1000 % of
2015
2014
the world’s most innovative futuristic cars, and online dominance. US$ Bil. Rank Revenue
1 1
companies, according to our 2015 Next were perennial top 10 mem- Apple $6.0 18 3.3%
2 2
Global Innovation 1000 survey (see bers GE, Microsoft, and IBM. Toyota Google $9.8 6 14.9%
3 5
Exhibit F). This one–two showing rejoined the list, in 10th place, after Tesla Motors $0.5 273 14.5%
4 4
has been consistent since we began dropping off in 2013 and 2014. This is
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asking participants to identify the top the first year that two auto companies 5 3 Amazon $9.3 7 10.4%
innovators six years ago. Apple con- were voted most innovative. For the 6 6 3M $1.8 80 5.6%
tinues to set new production records sixth year running, no pharmaceuti- 7 7 GE $4.2 36 2.9%
for iPhones and computers, and burst cal company made the top 10, even 8 8 Microsoft $11.4 4 13.1%
into an entirely new market with the though the industry continues to 9 9 IBM $5.4 26 5.9%
debut of the Apple Watch. Meanwhile, be well represented in the Global 10 11 Toyota $9.2 8 3.7%
Google’s paradigm-changing self- Innovation 1000. Source: Bloomberg data, Capital IQ data,
driving car project continues to gen- As in all previous years, the 10 Strategy& 2015 survey data and analysis
Tesla introduced a “ludicrous mode” years, but only 62 percent did so this
option for its Model S roadster this year — opening the door for new
year, enabling it to accelerate from companies to move into top positions,
INNOVATORS
LOWEST
US$4 billion-plus battery “Giga- POSSIBLE
SCORE: 0
Revenue EBITDA as % Market Cap
factory” will be producing more auto Growth of Revenue Growth
5-yr. CAGR 5-yr. Avg. 5-yr. CAGR
power packs by 2020 than the total
Source: Bloomberg data, Capital IQ data,
world production in 2013. Strategy& 2015 survey data and analysis
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1000
not surprisingly, is the largest global destination for Exhibit 3: Relative Spending Index: Gains and
software R&D. Multinationals that have moved R&D Losses, 2007–15
In a comparison of the R&D spending in other countries to the spending
to India cite a variety of reasons for the move, and cost in the top destination — the U.S. — the percentage change between
is often not the most important. “Our tech center in In- 2007 and 2015 reveals where advantage has been gained (Asia) and
lost (Europe).
dia gives us an around-the-clock capability to accelerate
development work due to the time difference with the In-Country R&D Spending Relative to the U.S.
Percentage Change, 2007–15
U.S.,” says Denise Ramos, chief executive officer of ITT
Corporation, a U.S.-based manufacturer of specialty ADVANTAGE LOST U.S. = 0 ADVANTAGE GAINED
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India moved from seventh to fifth among all countries South Korea 48%
Israel 26%
in terms of total in-country R&D in 2015, surpassing EASTERN EUROPE* 15%
the U.K. and France. Italy 5%
can have a positive effect at the mar- resurrecting it later and making the ship, it’s a topic well worth revisiting
gin. “It’s icing on the cake, but not the benefit retroactive. by U.S. policymakers.
primary driver,” says Denise Ramos, The Silicon Valley Tax Directors
Jeffery Jones is the U.S. R&D tax services
CEO of ITT Corporation. Group — a trade association of 79
practice leader at PwC US.
Back in 1981, in the early days of innovation leaders, most of them U.S.
Germany, for example, rose 121 percent between 2007 eroded somewhat in recent years, it remains a corner-
and 2015. Germany is now the leading source of U.S. stone for academic research, and has set a strategic di-
imported R&D, surpassing Japan, which led by a wide rection for the U.S. There are strong academic labora-
margin in 2007. tories, a vibrant biotech industry, global pharmaceutical
The surge of U.S. R&D imports from Europe un- companies, and strong engagement from philanthropic
derscores the fact that cost is typically not the main organizations and patient foundations.”
driver in R&D location decisions. After all, the U.S. is Adds Russwurm of Siemens: “The U.S. is attrac-
11
a high-cost country for R&D — in many cases it car- tive for global R&D for several reasons other than the
ries higher costs than European countries. (Nor were proximity to its large and growing market. One is that
companies headquartered in other countries coming digital skills are becoming more and more important.
to the United States for tax benefits; see “Tax Policy: You get good results with people who are true digital
Where the U.S. Is Not Number One.”) European com- natives, and there are more of them in the U.S. than
panies instead came to the U.S. for proximity to their anywhere else. Another is the openness of U.S. society
markets and operations, for access to talent and tech- toward innovation. If you look at the car industry, for
nology, and to take advantage of the United States’ cul- example, autonomous driving is a major area of inter-
ture of innovation — in particular in Silicon Valley. est for innovation. The regulatory circumstances and
For pharmaceutical companies, for example, one of approach to innovation are more favorable in the U.S.
the attractions of the United States is its extensive and than in Europe, and that is a force driving more innova-
coherent innovation ecosystem, says Mikael Dolsten, tion activity in the United States.”
strategy+business issue 81
2015, net European exports of R&D to other regions Exhibit 4: European Companies Spend Less at Home
— exports minus imports — grew by 352 percent. At Companies in Western Europe increased their R&D exports to high-cost
countries everywhere — except in Western Europe. This increase in
the country level, Germany was Western Europe’s big- exports outside the region, coupled with a decline in R&D imports (as
gest net exporter, followed by Switzerland. France and evidenced by France and Germany, at right), contributed to Europe's loss
of R&D investment.
Sweden, both net R&D importers in 2007, were net
exporters in 2015. As a result, Europe’s total in-region European R&D Exported to Change in R&D Flows for
High-Cost Countries France and Germany,
R&D spending fell from 35 percent of the world total in 2007–15
2007 to 28 percent in 2015. Overall, companies in Eu- US$ Billions Imports 76%
rope conducted 57 percent of their R&D inside Europe $30 Exports
in 2007, but only 48 percent in 2015. The U.S. was the
largest export destination, despite having higher engi-
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North
America
neering direct labor costs than most European countries.
Germany — Europe’s biggest economy — is a case 46%
$20
in point: In-country R&D spending rose a modest 15
percent between 2007 and 2015. German companies’ Western
R&D exports totaled $35 billion in 2015, which more Europe
a major force in global innovation, with advantages results of our 2008 study, suggesting that there continues
that include proximity to their large market of wealthy to be a payoff from the deployment of capabilities and
consumers, highly talented and skilled workers, and, in capacity on a global scale, and greater success in under-
many industries, significant public-sector support for standing and meeting local market needs.
R&D — all of which make it appealing to do innova- In both this year’s study and our 2008 analysis,
tion work in the region. companies whose share of R&D assets invested over-
“We’ve seen increasing investment in pharmaceu- seas was greater than their share of overseas sales out-
tical R&D in Europe as a result of European Union performed companies whose corresponding share was
funding through the Innovative Medicines Initiative,” lesser in return on assets, operating margin, and total
says Dolsten of Pfizer. “It has fostered industry and aca- shareholder returns. We also found that companies that
demic partnerships, and provided E.U. funding, which allocate a greater share of their R&D spending to lower-
the industry has matched. Another attraction is that Eu- cost countries outperformed their competitors by 20
rope has a more integrated healthcare system, so there percent on gross profit and 10 percent on sales growth.
are large clinical databases that help us understand the Moreover, companies have become more proficient
13
impact of disease on populations. Some European coun- at managing global innovation networks. In our 2008
tries have very sophisticated electronic medical records study, for example, we found that companies with high-
systems, which enable us to use big data effectively.” ly focused footprints (those with the smallest number
Other innovation leaders also cite the availability of of global R&D sites, relative to sales) tended to outper-
sophisticated and deep talent pools in Europe, as well form companies with more fragmented global R&D op-
as proximity to its large and wealthy market. Some, erations consisting of numerous smaller sites. Evidently
however, point to Europe’s relatively restrictive labor they found it easier to manage teams in person than via
laws and trade unions as a disadvantage for conducting conference or video calls and collaboration tools. In this
R&D, compared with other regions. year’s study, companies with dispersed global R&D op-
erations are performing as well as or better than compa-
The Global Footprint Premium nies with focused footprints. This suggests that multina-
Regional shifts aside, one truth remains constant across all tionals have become more experienced at coordinating
strategy+business issue 81
geographies and industries: Companies that overweight projects across global sites, and that the digital col-
their R&D spending outside their headquarters country laboration tools available have improved markedly and
continue to outperform their less globalized competitors. companies have become more adept at employing them.
Companies that deployed 60 percent or more of R&D These changes afford multinationals the best of both
spending abroad in 2015 earned a premium of 30 percent worlds: the ability to locate their R&D facilities close to
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their markets and the ability to access the best talent at are the more important consideration. “Smaller and
optimal cost levels, all without compromising efficiency. more dispersed teams can be effective,” he says, “wheth-
On average, the 207 companies in our global foot- er it is California for Internet protocol, Israel for cloud,
print sample export R&D to about six countries, and the East Coast of the U.S. or Europe for optics, France
the figure hasn’t changed much since 2007. When we for mathematics — or China, which is becoming an
ranked companies in quartiles based on their degree of important place for innovation, in particular in wireless
R&D globalization, companies in the top quartile in- and optics.”
creased the number of countries to which they export
R&D by just 7 percent, from an average of 13.5 in 2007 Managing a Dispersed Network
to an average of 14.5 in 2015. The companies in the bot- Establishing a global R&D model has become a stan-
tom quartile increased this number by 67 percent, from dard requirement for large corporations that want to be
1.0 countries on average to 1.7. When we looked by re- competitive in today’s marketplace. But it comes with
gion, U.S. companies reduced the number of countries a unique set of complexities. Our survey respondents
to which they export R&D modestly, while the average cited a variety of challenges in conducting R&D out-
number for European companies increased moderately. side their home countries, with “finding and retaining
Among industries, the average number of countries to top talent” and “protecting intellectual property” most
which companies export R&D increased the most in the often named (and most particularly in China). Other
auto sector. challenges included quality and customer focus, risk
feature innovation
Both models of globalized innovation — a limit- and project management, and cultural differences.
ed number of more concentrated R&D facilities, and The good news is that leading innovators are find-
widely dispersed operations — can be effective. And ing ways to manage these and other complexities. To
different companies have different preferences. Alcatel- ensure the long-term success of a globally dispersed
Lucent, for example, finds that a smaller number of R&D footprint, company leaders should focus on the
R&D sites is more efficient for development activities. following imperatives:
“In development, there is always a trade-off between lo- • Company leaders must clearly articulate, as part
calization and complexity,” says Keryer, the company’s of the overall business strategy, the role that innovation
chief innovation and strategy officer. “As part of our plays in the company’s mission. How central is innova-
current corporate strategy, we are deemphasizing sub- tion to the company’s competitive advantage?
scale development sites to create more efficiency, and • The centrality of innovation in the company’s
are concentrating on a set of anchor points — big and competitive advantage should inform the organiza-
diverse development centers.” For research and innova- tion’s global footprint. In the absence of a holistic view,
tion, on the other hand, Keryer states that talent pools R&D sites can proliferate as a result of one-off decisions
14
The Three strive to be the first to market As part of our 2015 survey,
with breakthrough products and we asked respondents from all
Innovation Models services. Market Readers, who tend three types of companies about the
to watch their customers and com- challenges they face in implement-
14
Methodology onward will not always align with in the industrials and software and
previously published figures for the Internet sectors. The total number of
2005 through 2012 studies. companies for which we assessed the
ized costs. We have now applied this R&D spending, plus the top 50 com-
methodology to all previous years’ panies in the largest three industries
data; as a result, historical data (auto, healthcare, and computing and
referenced in the studies from 2014 electronics) and the top 20 companies
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company can best understand and serve those markets. when R&D activities are dispersed globally.
Different types of companies may have different ap- As companies further develop and optimize their
proaches (see “The Three Innovation Models,” page global innovation networks, they will continue to tap
14). For Need Seekers, for example, the key consider- into more diverse global talent pools, a wider knowledge
ation may be locating R&D facilities as close to cus- base, and deeper insights into growing markets. With
tomers as possible, whereas Market Readers, as second the right implementation, the globalization of R&D
movers, may have more flexibility to base location deci- will benefit the search for breakthrough innovations,
sions on cost. Technology Drivers may need to keep and enable companies to make bigger-bet portfolio
R&D more centralized to maintain their focus on choices than they have in the past. +
technological breakthroughs. Reprint No. 00370
• To ensure operational excellence, leaders must
create clear missions, roles, and lines of authority to
align the dispersed R&D sites with the company’s in- Resources
novation strategy. Here, leadership needs to invest in Bill Fischer, Umberto Lago, and Fang Liu, “The Haier Road to Growth,” 16
the digital tools and related processes that have enabled s+b, Apr. 27, 2015: Chinese appliance maker Haier has built the
the best companies to manage such areas as resource de- capabilities to rapidly innovate new products to meet consumer needs
both at home and abroad.
ployment, project collaboration, project green-lighting,
Barry Jaruzelski, “Why Silicon Valley’s Success Is So Hard to Replicate,”
portfolio ownership, strategic and operating metrics,
Scientific American, Mar. 14, 2014: Further analysis of the themes
and transparency mechanisms across a global network. reported in the 2012 Strategy& white paper “The Culture of Innovation:
• Companies have to create a global talent manage- What Makes San Francisco Bay Area Companies Different?”
ment strategy. Increasingly, the people with the skills Dominique Jolly, Bruce McKern, and George Yip, “The Next Innovation
that companies need are going to be found outside the Opportunity in China,” s+b, Autumn 2015: Multinationals have shifted
their R&D focus in China from cost savings to market proximity — and,
Western countries where management may have looked increasingly, to knowledge-based research.
most frequently in the past. Companies need common For links to all previous Global Innovation 1000 studies from 2005
standards for talent development and retention that can to 2014 (including our 2008 analysis of global R&D flows, “Beyond
be applied at each of their global centers. They should Borders”), as well as videos, infographics, and other articles, see
strategyand.pwc.com/innovation1000.
also rotate their top engineering talent, to give future
R&D leaders a more global perspective and understand- Strategy&’s online Innovation Strategy Profiler, strategyand.pwc.com/
innovation-profiler: Evaluate your company’s R&D strategy and the
ing of the company’s innovation capabilities. capabilities it requires.
• Company leaders must foster a corporate culture More thought leadership on this topic: strategy-business.com/innovation
that supports the company’s innovation strategy and
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